Gyromastigidae
| Gyromastigidae | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Supergroup: | Rhizaria |
| Phylum: | Cercozoa |
| Subphylum: | Filosa |
| Class: | Imbricatea |
| Order: | Thaumatomonadida |
| Family: | Gyromastigidae Doweld 2021 |
| Type genus | |
| Gyromastix Doweld 2021 pro Peregrinia Cavalier-Smith in Howe et al. 2011 | |
| Genera | |
| Diversity | |
| 4 species | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Gyromastigidae, formerly known as Peregriniidae, is a family of thaumatomonads. Their members are known to have oval two-tiered body scales. It contains four species across two genera. Their sister group is Esquamulidae.
Characteristics
Gyromastigidae members are thaumatomonads that have oval two-tiered body scales. They are distinguished from Thaumatomastix because of the absence of spine scales and flagellar scales. Gyromitus have scales that are symmetric ovals and present alongside heavily outturned upper and lower rims. However, asymmetric ovals are present in Gyromastix, alongside concave to flat lower surface and convex upper surface that have rims more strongly laterally inrolled than at the ends. The ventral flagellar pit being apical and not subapical, or cells so amoeboid so they are lacking a defined shape and flagella are not clearly differentiating into anterior and posterior distinguishes them from Thaumatomonas. It is unknown if there is flagellar gliding, unlike Thaumatomonadidae. Locomotion by swimming or slow amoeboid creeping.
Taxonomy
The family Peregriniidae was described in 2011. It was placed in the order Thaumatomonadida, and contained two genera: Gyromitus and the new Peregrinia. Gyromitus limax was recombined as Peregrinia limax. In 2021, because that the name Peregrinia was preoccupied by a fish genus, a new genus name Gyromastix was proposed to replace it, and the family Peregriniidae was replaced with the family Gyromastigidae. Gyromastigidae contains four species.
Phylogeny
Result of two phylogenies in 2012:
| Thaumatomonadida |
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Result of a phylogeny in 2014:
| Placoperla |
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References
- 1 2 Howe, Alexis T.; Bass, David; Scoble, Josephine M.; Lewis, Rhodri; Vickerman, Keith; Arndt, Hartmut; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2011-02-04). "Novel Cultured Protists Identify Deep-branching Environmental DNA Clades of Cercozoa: New Genera Tremula, Micrometopion, Minimassisteria, Nudifila, Peregrinia". Protist. 162 (2): 332–372. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2010.10.002. ISSN 1434-4610.
- ↑ Doweld, Alexander B. (2021-12-01). "Gyromastix, a new name for Peregrinia Cavalier-Smith, 2011 (Protista: Thaumatomonada) non Peregrinia E.I.Vorobyeva & O.A.Lebedev, 1986 (Pisces: Osteolepididae)". Zootaxa. 5072 (4): 399–400. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5072.4.8. ISSN 1175-5334.
- ↑ Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. (eds.). "Gyromastix Doweld, 2021". AlgaeBase. National University of Ireland, Galway.
- ↑ Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. (eds.). "Gyromitus Skuja, 1939". AlgaeBase. National University of Ireland, Galway.
- ↑ Shiratori, Takashi; Yabuki, Akinori; Ishida, Ken-Ichiro (2012-06-28). "Esquamula lacrimiformis n. g., n. sp., a New Member of Thaumatomonads that Lacks Siliceous Scales". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 59 (6): 527–536. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00635.x. ISSN 1550-7408.
- ↑ Scoble, Josephine M.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2013-12-28). "Scale evolution, sequence phylogeny, and taxonomy of thaumatomonad Cercozoa: 11 new species and new genera Scutellomonas, Cowlomonas, Thaumatospina and Ovaloplaca". European Journal of Protistology. 50 (3): 270–313. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2013.12.005. ISSN 0932-4739.