Helconinae

Helconinae
Wroughtonia ligator
Wroughtonia castaneae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Clade: Pancrustacea
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Braconidae
Subfamily: Helconinae
Forster, 1862

Helconinae is a subfamily of wasp that belongs to the family Braconidae.

Taxonomy and phylogeny

Helconinae has historically been a large subfamily of 4 tribes comprising about 40 genera. Following many changes to classification and included groups over the years, only one of these original tribes, Helconini, remains. Cenocoeliini was split into a new subfamily, Cenocoeliinae, by van Achterberg in 1984. Then, the tribes Brachistini and Diospilini were split into another new subfamily, Brachistinae, by Sharanowski et al. in 2011. The remaining Helconini make up about 12 genera. The Helconini subtribe Vervootihelconina was since elevated to tribal status as Vervootihelconini. The enigmatic Ussurohelconini, previously transferred to Cenocoeliinae, was again recovered as a tribe of Helconinae.

Genera

The following genera belong to the subfamily Helconinae, they are organized within their respective tribes:

Helconini Förster, 1863

Ussurohelconini van Achterberg, 1994

Vervoortihelconini van Achterberg, 1997

References

  1. 1 2 Wharton, Robert A.; Marsh, Paul M.; Sharkey, Michael J. (2017). Manual Of The New World Genera Of The Family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) 2nd Edition. International Society of Hymenopterists. ISBN 978-0692944820.
  2. ↑ van Achterberg, Cornelis (1984). "Essay on the phylogeny of Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea)". Entomologisk Tidskrift. 105: 41–58.
  3. 1 2 Sharanowski, Barbara J.; Dowling, Ashley P.G.; Sharkey, Michael J. (2011). "Molecular phylogenetics of Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) based on multiple nuclear genes, and implications for classification". Systematic Entomology. 36 (3): 549–572. Bibcode:2011SysEn..36..549S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00580.x.
  4. ↑ Ghahari, Hassan; Shaw, Scott Richard; Gadallah, Neveen Samy; Sharkey, Michael J. (2022). "15. Subfamily Helconinae Foerster, 1863". In Gadallah, Neveen Samy; Ghahari, Hassan; Shaw, Scott Richard (eds.). Braconidae of the Middle East (Hymenoptera) Taxonomy, Distribution, Biology, and Biocontrol Benefits of Parasitoid Wasps. Elsevier Science. pp. 356–358. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-96099-1.00012-1. ISBN 978-0-323-96099-1.
  5. 1 2 3 Yan, Cheng-Jin; Van Achterberg, Cornelis; He, Jun-Hua; Chen, Xue-Xin (2017). "Review of the tribe Helconini Foerster s.s. from China, with the description of 18 new species". Zootaxa. 4291 (3): 401–457. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4291.3.1.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Parrott, arthur W. (1953). "A Systematic Catalogue of Australian Braconidae". Pacific Science. 7: 193–218.
  7. ↑ Krombein, Karl V.; Hurd Jr., Paul D. Jr.; Smith, David R.; Burks, B.D., eds. (1979). Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Smithsonian Institution Press. Retrieved 2018-04-11.
  8. ↑ Van Achterberg, Cornelis; Chen, Xuexin (2004). "Six new genera of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from China". Zoologische Mededelingen. 78: 77–100.
  9. ↑ Quicke, Donald L.J.; Ward, Darren F.; Butcher, Buntika A. (2019). "First host record and morphological notes on the rare Chilean wasp Vervoortihelcon scaramozzinoi van Achterberg (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Helconinae, Vervoortihelconini)". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 68: 13–16. doi:10.3897/jhr.68.32954.