Hematitida

Hematitida; Temporal range: Carboniferous PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Cephalopoda
Superorder:	†Belemnoidea
Order:	†Hematitida; Doguzhaeva et al., 2002
Family and genera
	Hematitidae Hematites; Bactritimimus; Paleoconus;

Hematitida is a group of coleoid cephalopods known from the early Carboniferous Period. They are the oldest definite coleoids, although there are controversial claims for even older coleoids from the Devonian. Fossil hematitidans have so far been found only in Arkansas and Utah of the United States. The only family described so far is Hematitidae.

Characteristics

Some features shared by hematitidans include

a short rostrum, made of aragonite and organic material, and bearing ridges
a short living chamber, only 1.5 to 2 times the length of the last chamber of the phragmocone
a spherical protoconch
a narrow, straight phragmocone
a multi-layered conotheca - the outer wall of the phragmocone
a narrow, ventral siphuncle

Classification

The classification for this group comes from Doguzhaeva et al. 2003

Order Hematitida Doguzhaeva, Mapes, & Mutvei, 2002

Family Hematitidae Gustomesov 1976
- Hematites Flower & Gordon 1959 - type genus
- Bactritimimus Flower & Gordon, 1959
- Paleoconus Flower & Gordon, 1959

References

1 2 Doguzhaeva, Larisa A.; Mapes, Royal H.; Mutvei, Harry (2002). "Shell morphology and ultrastructure of the Early Carboniferous coleoid Hematites Flower & Gordon, 1959 (Hematitida ord. nov.) from Midcontinent (USA)". Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt. 57: 299–320'. ISBN 3-85316-014-X. ISSN 0016-7800.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
1 2 Nishiguchi, Michelle; Mapes, Royal K. (2008), "Cephalopoda", in Ponder, Winston F.; Lindberg, David R. (eds.), Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, pp. 163–199, ISBN 978-0-520-25092-5
↑ Bandel, Klaus; Reitner, Joachim; Sturmer, Wilhelm (1983). "Coleoidea from the Devonian Black Slate ("Hunsruck-Schiefer")" (PDF). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 165 (3). Stuttgart: 397–417.
↑ Doguzhaeva, Larisa A.; Mapes, Royal H.; Mutvei, Harry (2003). "The shell and ink sac morphology and ultrastructure of the Late Pennsylvanian cephalopod Donovaniconus and its phylogenetic significance". Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen. 3: 61–78.

[Doguzhaeva2002-1] 1 2 Doguzhaeva, Larisa A.; Mapes, Royal H.; Mutvei, Harry (2002). "Shell morphology and ultrastructure of the Early Carboniferous coleoid Hematites Flower & Gordon, 1959 (Hematitida ord. nov.) from Midcontinent (USA)". Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt. 57: 299–320'. ISBN 3-85316-014-X. ISSN 0016-7800.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)

[Nishiguchi2008-2] 1 2 Nishiguchi, Michelle; Mapes, Royal K. (2008), "Cephalopoda", in Ponder, Winston F.; Lindberg, David R. (eds.), Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, pp. 163–199, ISBN 978-0-520-25092-5

[Bandel1983-3] Bandel, Klaus; Reitner, Joachim; Sturmer, Wilhelm (1983). "Coleoidea from the Devonian Black Slate ("Hunsruck-Schiefer")" (PDF). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 165 (3). Stuttgart: 397–417.

[Doguzhaeva2003-4] Doguzhaeva, Larisa A.; Mapes, Royal H.; Mutvei, Harry (2003). "The shell and ink sac morphology and ultrastructure of the Late Pennsylvanian cephalopod Donovaniconus and its phylogenetic significance". Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen. 3: 61–78.