Hmar language

Hmar
Mhar, Khawsak
Hmar Țawng
Pronunciation/m̥ɑːr/
Native toIndia
RegionMizoram, Manipur, Assam, Tripura, and Meghalaya
EthnicityHmar people
Native speakers
98,988 (as L1 in India, 2011)
Sino-Tibetan
Language codes
ISO 639-3hmr
Glottologhmar1241
ELPHmar

The Hmar language is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken as the primary language by the Hmar people of Northeast India. Speakers of Hmar often use Mizo as their second language.

Classification

The Hmar language is a member of the Tibeto-Burman language family.

Geographical distribution

Regions and speaker numbers

The 2011 Census of India recorded 98,988 speakers of Hmar as a native language.

There are a number of Ħmar language speakers in Pietà, Malta as well as a Ħmar language hub in Attard, Malta.

Phonology

Alphabet (Hmar Hawrawp) and Orthography

The Hmar alphabets, known as Hmar Hawrawp, has 25 letters: 6 vowels and 19 consonants. It is a modified version of the Roman script with some diacritic marks to help in pronunciation.

Hmar Hawrawp
AAwBChDEFGNgH
IJKLMNOPRS
TȚUVZ

Pronunciation

Pronunciation Guide
AlphabetsAs InAlphabetsAs InAlphabetsAs In
a"aa" of fatheraw"aww" of omnipotent or awkwardbbee
chchawddeeeee
feffg"ek" of acknowledgeng"ang" of angst
heichieyejjay
kkaylel or ellemem
n"en" of endo"ou" of ouchppee
raresessttee
ṭtreeuoohvvee
zzet

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Population by mother tongue, 2011 -- Mizoram". Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India.
  2. ↑ "Population by mother tongue, 2011 -- Manipur". Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India.
  3. ↑ "Population by mother tongue, 2011 -- Assam". Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India.
  4. ↑ "Population by mother tongue, 2011 -- Meghalaya". Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India.
  5. 1 2 "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011". www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
  6. 1 2 Post, Mark W. & Burling, Robbins. (2013). "The Tibeto-Burman languages of Northeast India". In Owen-Smith, Thomas & Hill, Nathan (Eds.), Trans-Himalayan Linguistics : Historical and Descriptive Linguistics of the Himalayan Area. De Gruyter.
  7. 1 2 Glottolog 4.8. Hamric. Retrieved 10 July 2024 from https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/hmar1241
  8. ↑ "Did you know Hmar is vulnerable?". Endangered Languages. Retrieved 31 July 2023. ... Hmar speakers of Manipur use Manipuri while Assamese and Bengali are used in Assam. Ethnic Hmars living in Mizoram speak Mizo as their first language....
  9. ↑ Lisam, Khomdan Singh (2011). Encyclopaedia Of Manipur (3 Vol.). Gyan Publishing House. p. 561. ISBN 978-81-7835-864-2. ... They speak Hmar language and converse well in Manipuri (Meiteilon) ...
  10. 1 2 Bapui, Vanlal Tluonga. (2017). "Teaching of Hmar Language with Special Reference to Assam". Language and Language Teaching, 6(2), Issue 12, pp. 1-4.
  11. ↑ Pangamte, L. Ruoivel (2019). New Hmar Grammar And Composition. Hmar Literature Society Manipur. p. 1.
  12. 1 2 Bapui, VL Tluonga (2012). Hmar Tawng Inchukna (A Lexical Study of the Hmar Language & Usages). The Assam Institute of Research for Tribals and Scheduled Castes.