Holothele

Holothele
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Mygalomorphae
Family:	Theraphosidae
Genus:	Holothele; Karsch, 1879
Type species
	H. longipes; (L. Koch, 1875)
Species
	6, see text
Synonyms
	Dryptopelmides Strand, 1907; Stichoplastus Simon, 1889;

Holothele is a genus of tarantulas that was first described by Ferdinand Anton Franz Karsch in 1879. Originally placed with the curtain-web spiders, it was transferred to the tarantulas in 1980.

Diagnosis

They can be distinguished by the lack of urticating hairs, tarsus 4 being pseudo segmented. The tarsal claws own a row of teeth, and a labium with around 90 cuspules.

Species

As of July 2022^[update] it contains six species, found in the West Indies and in the north of South America:

Holothele culebrae (Petrunkevitch, 1929) – Puerto Rico
Holothele denticulata (Franganillo, 1930) – Cuba
Holothele longipes (L. Koch, 1875) (type) – Panama, Venezuela, Bolivia, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil
Holothele maddeni (Esposito & Agnarsson, 2014) - Dominican Republic
Holothele shoemakeri (Petrunkevitch, 1926) – US Virgin Islands (St. Thomas)
Holothele sulfurensis Maréchal, 2005 – Guadeloupe

In synonymy

H. ludwigi (Strand, 1907) = Holothele longipes (L. Koch, 1875)
H. ravida (Simon, 1889) = Holothele longipes (L. Koch, 1875)
H. recta Karsch, 1879 = Holothele longipes (L. Koch, 1875)
H. rondoni (Lucas & Bücherl, 1972) = Holothele longipes (L. Koch, 1875)
H. sanguiniceps (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) = Holothele longipes (L. Koch, 1875)

Transferred to other genera

Holothele anomala (Mello-Leitão, 1923) → Proshapalopus anomalus
Holothele asterix (Valerio, 1980) → Stichoplastoris asterix
Holothele cervina (Simon, 1889) → Euthycaelus colonica
Holothele colonica (Simon, 1889) → Euthycaelus colonica
Holothele culebrae (Petrunkevitch, 1929) → Cyrtopholis culebrae
Holothele denticulata (Valerio, 1980) → Stichoplastoris denticulatus
Holothele doeringi (Holmberg, 1881) → Grammostola doeringi
Holothele elusinus (Valerio, 1980) → Stichoplastoris elusinus
Holothele incei (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898) → Neoholothele incei
Holothele inflata (Simon, 1889) → Schismatothele inflata
Holothele kastoni (Caporiacco, 1955) → Schismatothele kastoni
Holothele lineata (Karsch, 1879) → Schismatothele lineata
Holothele modesta (Simon, 1889) → Schismatothele modesta
Holothele obelix (Valerio, 1980) → Stichoplastoris obelix
Holothele obsoleta (Franganillo, 1935) → Cyrtopholis obsoleta
Holothele proxima (Mello-Leitão, 1923) → Acanthoscurria proxima (Nomen dubnium)
Holothele sericeus (Simon, 1903) → Scopelobates sericeus
Holothele spinulosa (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) → Acentropelma spinulosum
Holothele steini (Simon, 1889) → Trichopelma steini
Holothele variegata (Caporiacco, 1955) → Hapalopus variegatus
Holothele vellardi Rudloff, 1997 → Neoholothele incei
Holothele waikoshiemi Bertani & Araújo, 2006 → Yanomamius waikoshiemi

References

1 2 3 Gloor, Daniel; Nentwig, Wolfgang; Blick, Theo; Kropf, Christian (2020). "Gen. Holothele Karsch, 1879". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2020-04-17.
↑ Raven, R. J. (1985). "The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): Cladistics and systematics". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 182: 152.
↑ Rudloff, J.-P. (1997). "Revision der Gattung Holothele Karsch, 1879 nebst Aufstellung einer neuen Gattung Stichoplastoris gen. nov. (Araneae, Theraphosidae) und Wiedereinsetzung einiger weiterer Gattungen der Mygalomorphae". Arachnologisches Magazin. 5 (2): 10.
↑ Karsch, F. (1879). "Arachnologische Beiträge". Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften. 52: 534–562.
↑ Raven, R. J. (1980). "The evolution and biogeography of the mygalomorph spider family Hexathelidae (Araneae, Chelicerata)". Journal of Arachnology. 8: 254.
↑ Guadanucci, J. P. L.; Perafán L., Carlos A.; Valencia-Cuéllar, D. (2017). "The genus Holothele Karsch, 1879: the identity of the type species (Mygalomorphae, theraphosidae)". Zoosystema. 39 (2): 263–271. doi:10.5252/z2017n2a5. hdl:20.500.12008/22552. ISSN 1280-9551. S2CID 89960461.

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[NMBE-1] 1 2 3 Gloor, Daniel; Nentwig, Wolfgang; Blick, Theo; Kropf, Christian (2020). "Gen. Holothele Karsch, 1879". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2020-04-17.

[Rave1985-2] Raven, R. J. (1985). "The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): Cladistics and systematics". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 182: 152.

[Rudl1997-3] Rudloff, J.-P. (1997). "Revision der Gattung Holothele Karsch, 1879 nebst Aufstellung einer neuen Gattung Stichoplastoris gen. nov. (Araneae, Theraphosidae) und Wiedereinsetzung einiger weiterer Gattungen der Mygalomorphae". Arachnologisches Magazin. 5 (2): 10.

[Kars1879-4] Karsch, F. (1879). "Arachnologische Beiträge". Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften. 52: 534–562.

[Rave1980-5] Raven, R. J. (1980). "The evolution and biogeography of the mygalomorph spider family Hexathelidae (Araneae, Chelicerata)". Journal of Arachnology. 8: 254.

[6] Guadanucci, J. P. L.; Perafán L., Carlos A.; Valencia-Cuéllar, D. (2017). "The genus Holothele Karsch, 1879: the identity of the type species (Mygalomorphae, theraphosidae)". Zoosystema. 39 (2): 263–271. doi:10.5252/z2017n2a5. hdl:20.500.12008/22552. ISSN 1280-9551. S2CID 89960461.