Job 16

Job 16
The whole Book of Job in the Leningrad Codex (1008 C.E.) from an old facsimile edition.
BookBook of Job
Hebrew Bible partKetuvim
Order in the Hebrew part3
CategorySifrei Emet
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part18

Job 16 is the sixteenth chapter of the Book of Job in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is anonymous; most scholars believe it was written around 6th century BCE. This chapter records the speech of Job, which belongs to the Dialogue section of the book, comprising Job 3:1–31:40.

Text

The original text is written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 22 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC; some extant ancient manuscripts of this version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).

Analysis

The structure of the book is as follows:

Within the structure, chapter 16 is grouped into the Dialogue section with the following outline:

The Dialogue section is composed in the format of poetry with distinctive syntax and grammar.

Chapter 16 consists of three parts:

Carved wooden figure of Job. Probably from Germany, 1750-1850 CE. The Wellcome Collection, London.

Job reflects on his friends as miserable comforters (16:1–5)

Job starts his first speech in the second round of the conversation with his friends with a complaint that all of them are miserable comforters, giving him nothing new as he has heard many things like what they said (verse 2a) and he also was able to speak as they did (verse 4a). Job points out that the friends string words together while shaking their head, not in sympathy but in derision, against him (cf. Psalm 22:7; 109:25), instead of saying something useful as he would do if he were in their shoes (verse 5).

Verse 5

[Job said:] "I could strengthen you with my mouth,
and the solace of my lips would assuage your pain."

Job complains of God's treatment and wishes help from a heavenly witness (16:6–22)

Job states that his pain is not eased by speaking or by not speaking about it, as he firmly believes God is in charge of the world and treats Job as God pleases (verses 12–14). Therefore, Job called for help from a heavenly figure, who will argue Job's case with God (verse 21; cf. Job 9:33; 19:25; 31:35).

Verse 20

My friends scorn me,
but I pour out my tears to God.

Verse 21

[Job said:] "Oh, that one might plead for a man with God,
as a man pleads for his neighbor!"

See also

References

  1. ↑ Halley 1965, pp. 244–245.
  2. ↑ Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
  3. ↑ Kugler & Hartin 2009, p. 193.
  4. ↑ Crenshaw 2007, p. 332.
  5. 1 2 Crenshaw 2007, p. 335.
  6. ↑ Wilson 2015, p. 18.
  7. ↑ Würthwein 1995, pp. 36–37.
  8. ↑ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
  9. ↑ Wilson 2015, pp. 17–23.
  10. ↑ Wilson 2015, pp. 18–21.
  11. 1 2 3 Wilson 2015, p. 95.
  12. ↑ Wilson 2015, pp. 95–96.
  13. ↑ Job 16:5 ESV
  14. ↑ Note [d] on Job 16:5 in NET Bible
  15. ↑ Estes 2013, pp. 98–99.
  16. ↑ Wilson 2015, p. 96.
  17. ↑ Wilson 2015, pp. 97–98.
  18. ↑ Job 16:20 NLT
  19. ↑ Job 16:21 MEV
  20. ↑ Note [b] on Job 16:21 in NET Bible
  21. ↑ Note on Job 16:21 in NKJV

Sources