
Joseph Turmel (13 December 1859 Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine) – February 1943) was a French Catholic priest, historian of Christian dogmas, who was excommunicated.
Joseph Turmel was born on 13 December 1859, in Rennes, 142, rue de Saint-Malo. He studied at the seminaries of Rennes and Angers.
From 1876 to 1880, he studied philosophy and theology at the Major Seminary of the Archdiocese of Rennes, and he continued until 1882 his studies at the Faculty of Theology of University of Angers.
He was excommunicated for Modernism as a vitandus.
He is sometimes referred to as patristician.
Under his name
Works under pseudonyms:
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Studies :