Leiorhynchus

Leiorhynchus; Temporal range: Devonian-Mississippian; ~387–325 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Brachiopoda
Class:	Rhynchonellata
Order:	Rhynchonellida
Family:	†Leiorhynchidae
Subfamily:	†Leiorhynchinae
Genus:	†Leiorhynchus; Hall 1860
Species
	See text

Leiorhynchus is an extinct genus of brachiopod belonging to the order Rhynchonellida and family Leiorhynchidae. Specimens have been found in South America, North America, and Russia in beds of middle Devonian to Mississippian age (372 to 325 million years old). The genus may have been adapted to dysaerobic environments, colonizing areas of reduced oxygen concentrations rich in organic matter. The genus has been used as an index fossil in North America.

Species

L. carboniferum
L. castanea Meek 1868
L. hippocastanea Crickmay 1960
L. kelloggi Hall 1867
L. mesacostale Hall 1843
L. miriam Johnson 1971
L. quadracostatus Vanuxem 1842
L. ripheicus Stepanov 1948
L. rockymontanum Marcou 1858

References

↑ Williams, A.; Brunton, C. H. C.; Carlson, S. J.; Alvarez, F.; Blodgett, R. B.; Boucot, A. J.; Copper, P.; Dagys, A. S.; Grant, R. E.; Jin, Y.-G.; MacKinnon, D. I.; Mancenido, M. O.; Owen, E. F.; Rong, J.-Y.; Savage, N. M.; Sun, D.-L. (2002). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology H: Brachiopoda. Vol. 4. pp. 921–1688.
1 2 Chronic, J. (1953). "Part II, Invertebrate paleontology (excepting fusulinids and corals), in Upper Paleozoic of Peru". Geological Society of America Memoir. 58: 43–165.
1 2 3 Sartenaer, Paul (1961). "Redescription of Leiorhynchus quadracostatus (Vanuxem), Type Species of Leiorhynchus Hall, 1860 (Rhynchonellacea)". Journal of Paleontology. 35 (5): 963–976. JSTOR 1301183.
1 2 Johnson, J. G. (1971). "Lower Givetian brachiopods from Central Nevada". Journal of Paleontology. 45 (2): 301–326.
1 2 Laudon, L.R.; Chronic, B.J. Jr. (1947). "Mississippian Rocks of Meramec Age Along Alcan Highway, Northern British Columbia". AAPG Bulletin. 31: 1608–1618. doi:10.1306/3D933A37-16B1-11D7-8645000102C1865D.
↑ Thompson, Joel B.; Newton, Cathryn R. (1987). "Ecological Reinterpretation of the Dysaerobic Leiorhynchus Fauna: Upper Devonian Geneseo Black Shale, Central New York". PALAIOS. 2 (3): 274. Bibcode:1987Palai...2..274T. doi:10.2307/3514677. JSTOR 3514677.
↑ Sartenaer, Paul (1994). "Two new North American Givetian Rhynchonellid (Brachiopod) zones". Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique. 117 (1): 245–257. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
1 2 3 Johnson, J. G. (1970). "Taghanic Onlap and the End of North American Devonian Provinciality". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 81 (7): 2077. Bibcode:1970GSAB...81.2077J. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[2077:TOATEO]2.0.CO;2.
↑ Driscoll, Egbert G.; Hall, Donald D.; Nussmann, David G. (1965). "Morphology and Paleoecology of the Brachiopod Leiorhynchus kelloggi Hall, Middle Devonian, Ohio, Michigan, Ontario". Journal of Paleontology. 39 (5): 916–933. JSTOR 3555313.
↑ Ustritsky, V. I.; Chernyak, G. E. (1963). "Biostratigrafiya i Brakhiopody Verknego Paleozoya Taimyra [Biostratigraphy and Brachiopods of the upper Paleozoic of Taimyr]". Trudy Nauchno-Issledoratel'skogo Instituta Geologii Arktiki. 134: 1–139.

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[WilliamsEtal2002-1] Williams, A.; Brunton, C. H. C.; Carlson, S. J.; Alvarez, F.; Blodgett, R. B.; Boucot, A. J.; Copper, P.; Dagys, A. S.; Grant, R. E.; Jin, Y.-G.; MacKinnon, D. I.; Mancenido, M. O.; Owen, E. F.; Rong, J.-Y.; Savage, N. M.; Sun, D.-L. (2002). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology H: Brachiopoda. Vol. 4. pp. 921–1688.

[Chronic1953-2] 1 2 Chronic, J. (1953). "Part II, Invertebrate paleontology (excepting fusulinids and corals), in Upper Paleozoic of Peru". Geological Society of America Memoir. 58: 43–165.

[Sartenaer1961-3] 1 2 3 Sartenaer, Paul (1961). "Redescription of Leiorhynchus quadracostatus (Vanuxem), Type Species of Leiorhynchus Hall, 1860 (Rhynchonellacea)". Journal of Paleontology. 35 (5): 963–976. JSTOR 1301183.

[Johnson1971-4] 1 2 Johnson, J. G. (1971). "Lower Givetian brachiopods from Central Nevada". Journal of Paleontology. 45 (2): 301–326.

[LaudonChronic1947-5] 1 2 Laudon, L.R.; Chronic, B.J. Jr. (1947). "Mississippian Rocks of Meramec Age Along Alcan Highway, Northern British Columbia". AAPG Bulletin. 31: 1608–1618. doi:10.1306/3D933A37-16B1-11D7-8645000102C1865D.

[6] Thompson, Joel B.; Newton, Cathryn R. (1987). "Ecological Reinterpretation of the Dysaerobic Leiorhynchus Fauna: Upper Devonian Geneseo Black Shale, Central New York". PALAIOS. 2 (3): 274. Bibcode:1987Palai...2..274T. doi:10.2307/3514677. JSTOR 3514677.

[7] Sartenaer, Paul (1994). "Two new North American Givetian Rhynchonellid (Brachiopod) zones". Annales de la Société géologique de Belgique. 117 (1): 245–257. Retrieved 11 January 2022.

[Johnson1970-8] 1 2 3 Johnson, J. G. (1970). "Taghanic Onlap and the End of North American Devonian Provinciality". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 81 (7): 2077. Bibcode:1970GSAB...81.2077J. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[2077:TOATEO]2.0.CO;2.

[DriscollEtal1965-9] Driscoll, Egbert G.; Hall, Donald D.; Nussmann, David G. (1965). "Morphology and Paleoecology of the Brachiopod Leiorhynchus kelloggi Hall, Middle Devonian, Ohio, Michigan, Ontario". Journal of Paleontology. 39 (5): 916–933. JSTOR 3555313.

[10] Ustritsky, V. I.; Chernyak, G. E. (1963). "Biostratigrafiya i Brakhiopody Verknego Paleozoya Taimyra [Biostratigraphy and Brachiopods of the upper Paleozoic of Taimyr]". Trudy Nauchno-Issledoratel'skogo Instituta Geologii Arktiki. 134: 1–139.