↑Fairchild, G.B.; Burger, J.F. (1994). "A catalog of the Tabanidae (Diptera) of the Americas south of the United States". Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 55: vii + 249.
↑Wilkerson, R.C.; Coscarón, S. (1984). "A review of South American Scaptia (Pseudoscione) (Diptera: Tabanidae)". Journal of Medical Entomology. 21: 213–236.