List of hyperaccumulators

This article covers known hyperaccumulators, accumulators or species tolerant to the following: Aluminium (Al), Silver (Ag), Arsenic (As), Beryllium (Be), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Mercury (Hg), Molybdenum (Mo), Naphthalene, Lead (Pb), Selenium (Se) and Zinc (Zn).

See also:

Hyperaccumulators table – 1

hyperaccumulators and contaminants : Al, Ag, As, Be, Cr, Cu, Mn, Hg, Mo, naphthalene, Pb, Se, Zn – accumulation rates
ContaminantAccumulation rates (in mg/kg dry weight)Binomial nameEnglish nameH-Hyperaccumulator or A-Accumulator P-Precipitator T-TolerantNotesSources
AlA-Agrostis castellanahighland bentgrassAs(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A)Origin: Portugal.: 898 
Al1000Hordeum vulgareBarley25 records of plants.: 891 
AlHydrangea spp.Hydrangea (a.k.a. Hortensia)
AlAluminium concentrations in young leaves, mature leaves, old leaves, and roots were found to be 8.0, 9.2, 14.4, and 10.1 mg g1, respectively.Melastoma malabathricum L.Blue Tongue, or Native LassiandraP competes with Al and reduces uptake.
AlSolidago hispida (Solidago canadensis L.)Hairy GoldenrodOrigin Canada.: 891 
Al100Vicia fabaHorse Bean: 891 
Ag10-1200Salix miyabeanaWillowAg(T)Seemed able to adapt to high AgNO3 concentrations on a long timeline
AgBrassica napusRapeseed plantCr, Hg, Pb, Se, ZnPhytoextraction: 20 
AgSalix spp.Osier spp.Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;: 19  Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix); Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes): 19 
AgAmanita strobiliformisEuropean Pine Cone LepidellaAg(H)Macrofungi, Basidiomycete. Known from Europe, prefers calcareous areas
Ag10-1200Brassica junceaIndian MustardAg(H)Can form alloys of silver-gold-copper
As100Agrostis capillaris L.Common Bent Grass, Browntop. (= A. tenuris)Al(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A): 891 
AsH-Agrostis castellanaHighland Bent GrassAl(A), Mn(A), Pb(A), Zn(A)Origin Portugal.: 898 
As1000Agrostis tenerrima Trin.Colonial bentgrass4 records of plants: 891 
As2-1300Cyanoboletus pulverulentusInk Stain Boletecontains dimethylarsinic acidEurope
As27,000 (fronds)Pteris vittata L.Ladder brake fern or Chinese brake fern26% of As in the soil removed after 20 weeks' plantation, about 90% As accumulated in fronds.Root extracts reduce arsenate to arsenite.
As100-7000Sarcosphaera coronariapink crown, violet crown-cup, or violet star cupAs(H)Ectomycorrhizal ascomycete, known from Europe
BeNo reports found for accumulation: 891 
CrAzolla spp.mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss, water fern: 891 
CrH-Bacopa monnieriSmooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiolaCd(H), Cu(H), Hg(A), Pb(A)Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.: 898 
CrBrassica juncea L.Indian mustardCd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H)Cultivated in agriculture.: 19, 898 
CrBrassica napusRapeseed plantAg, Hg, Pb, Se, ZnPhytoextraction: 19 
CrA-Vallisneria americanaTape GrassCd(H), Pb(H)Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade.: 898 
Cr1000Dicoma niccolifera35 records of plants: 891 
Crroots naturally absorb pollutants, some organic compounds believed to be carcinogenic, in concentrations 10,000 times that in the surrounding water.Eichhornia crassipesWater HyacinthCd(H), Cu(A), Hg(H), Pb(H), Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U, and pesticides.Pantropical/Subtropical. Plants sprayed with 2,4-D may accumulate lethal doses of nitrates. 'The troublesome weed' – hence an excellent source of bioenergy.: 898 
CrHelianthus annuusSunflowerPhytoextraction and rhizofiltration: 19, 898 
CrA-Hydrilla verticillataHydrillaCd(H), Hg(H), Pb(H): 898 
CrMedicago sativaAlfalfa: 891 
CrPistia stratiotesWater lettuceCd(T), Hg(H), Cr(H), Cu(T): 891, 898 
CrSalix spp.Osier spp.Ag, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;: 19  Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix); Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes): 19 
CrSalvinia molestaKariba weeds or water fernsCr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A): 891, 898 
CrSpirodela polyrhizaGiant DuckweedCd(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A)Native to North America.: 891, 898 
Cr100Jamesbrittenia fodina Hilliard
Sutera fodina Wild		: 891 
CrA-Thlaspi caerulescensAlpine Pennycress, Alpine PennygrassCd(H), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H)Phytoextraction. T. caerulescens may acidify its rhizosphere, which would affect metal uptake by increasing available metals: 19, 891, 898 
Cu9000Aeollanthus biformifolius
CuAthyrium yokoscense(Japanese false spleenwort?)Cd(A), Pb(H), Zn(H)Origin Japan.: 898 
CuA-Azolla filiculoidesPacific mosquitofernNi(A), Pb(A), Mn(A)Origin Africa. Floating plant.: 898 
CuH-Bacopa monnieriSmooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiolaCd(H), Cr(H), Hg(A), Pb(A)Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.: 898 
CuBrassica juncea L.Indian mustardCd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H)cultivated: 19, 898 
CuH-Vallisneria americanaTape GrassCd(H), Cr(A), Pb(H)Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade.: 898 
CuEichhornia crassipesWater HyacinthCd(H), Cr(A), Hg(H), Pb(H), Zn(A), Also Cs, Sr, U, and pesticides.Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.: 898 
Cu1000Haumaniastrum robertii
(Lamiaceae)		Copper flower27 records of plants. Origin Africa. This species' phanerogam has the highest cobalt content. Its distribution could be governed by cobalt rather than copper.: 891 
CuHelianthus annuusSunflowerPhytoextraction with rhizofiltration: 898 
Cu1000Larrea tridentataCreosote Bush67 records of plants. Origin U.S.: 891 
CuH-Lemna minorDuckweedPb(H), Cd(H), Zn(A)Native to North America and widespread worldwide.: 898 
CuOcimum centraliafricanumCopper plantCu(T), Ni(T)Origin Southern Africa
CuT-Pistia stratiotesWater LettuceCd(T), Hg(H), Cr(H)Pantropical. Origin South U.S.A. Aquatic herb.: 898 
CuThlaspi caerulescensAlpine pennycress, Alpine Pennycress, Alpine PennygrassCd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H)Phytoextraction. Cu noticeably limits its growth.: 19, 891, 898 
MnA-Agrostis castellanaHighland Bent GrassAl(A), As(A), Pb(A), Zn(A)Origin Portugal.: 898 
MnAzolla filiculoidesPacific mosquitofernCu(A), Ni(A), Pb(A)Origin Africa. Floating plant.: 898 
MnBrassica juncea L.Indian mustard: 19 
Mn23,000 (maximum) 11,000 (average) leafChengiopanax sciadophylloides (Franch. & Sav.) C.B.Shang & J.Y.HuangkoshiaburaOrigin Japan. Forest tree.
MnHelianthus annuusSunflowerPhytoextraction and rhizofiltration: 19 
Mn1000Macadamia neurophylla
(now Virotia neurophylla (Guillaumin) P. H. Weston & A. R. Mast)		28 records of plants: 891 
Mn200: 891 
HgA-Bacopa monnieriSmooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiolaCd(H), Cr(H), Cu(H), Hg(A), Pb(A)Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.: 898 
HgBrassica napusRapeseed plantAg, Cr, Pb, Se, ZnPhytoextraction: 19 
HgEichhornia crassipesWater HyacinthCd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Pb(H), Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U, and pesticides.Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.: 898 
HgH-Hydrilla verticillataHydrillaCd(H), Cr(A), Pb(H): 898 
Hg1000Pistia stratiotesWater lettuceCd(T), Cr(H), Cu(T)35 records of plants: 891, 898 [full citation needed]
HgSalix spp.Osier spp.Ag, Cr, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;: 19  Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalix); Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes): 19 
Mo1500Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae)Alpine pennycressCd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(H)phytoextraction: 19, 891, 898 
NaphthaleneFestuca arundinaceaTall FescueIncreases catabolic genes and the mineralization of naphthalene.
NaphthaleneTrifolium hirtumPink clover, rose cloverDecreases catabolic genes and the mineralization of naphthalene.
PbA-Agrostis castellana'Highland Bent GrassAl(A), As(H), Mn(A), Zn(A)Origin Portugal.: 898 
PbAmbrosia artemisiifoliaRagweed
PbArmeria maritimaSeapink Thrift
PbAthyrium yokoscense(Japanese false spleenwort?)Cd(A), Cu(H), Zn(H)Origin Japan.: 898 
PbA-Azolla filiculoidesPacific mosquitofernCu(A), Ni(A), Mn(A)Origin Africa. Floating plant.: 898 
PbA-Bacopa monnieriSmooth Water Hyssop, Water hyssop, Brahmi, Thyme-leafed gratiolaCd(H), Cr(H), Cu(H), Hg(A)Origin India. Aquatic emergent species.: 898 
PbH-Brassica junceaIndian mustardCd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A), Zn(H)79 recorded plants. Phytoextraction: 19, 891, 898 
PbBrassica napusRapeseed plantAg, Cr, Hg, Se, ZnPhytoextraction: 19 
PbBrassica oleraceaOrnamental Kale and Cabbage, Broccoli
PbH-Vallisneria americanaTape GrassCd(H), Cr(A), Cu(H)Native to Europe and North Africa. Widely cultivated in the aquarium trade.: 898 
PbEichhornia crassipesWater HyacinthCd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Hg(H), Zn(A). Also Cs, Sr, U, and pesticides.Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.: 898 
PbFestuca ovinaBlue Sheep Fescue
PbIpomoea trifidaMorning gloryPhytoextraction and rhizofiltration: 19, 898 
PbH-Hydrilla verticillataHydrillaCd(H), Cr(A), Hg(H): 898 
PbH-Lemna minorDuckweedCd(H), Cu(H), Zn(H)Native to North America and widespread worldwide.: 898 
PbSalix viminalisCommon OsierCd, U, Zn, Ag, Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products (S. spp.);: 19  Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes)
PbH-Salvinia molestaKariba weeds or water fernsCr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A)Origin India.: 898 
PbSpirodela polyrhizaGiant DuckweedCd(H), Cr(H), Ni(H), Zn(A)Native to North America.: 891, 898 
PbThlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae)Alpine pennycress, Alpine pennygrassCd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo(H), Ni(H), Zn(H)Phytoextraction.: 19, 891, 898 
PbThlaspi rotundifoliumRound-leaved Pennycress
PbTriticum aestivumCommon Wheat
Se.012-20Amanita muscariaFly agaricCap contains higher concentrations than stalks
SeBrassica junceaIndian mustardRhizosphere bacteria enhance accumulation.: 19 
SeBrassica napusRapeseed plantAg, Cr, Hg, Pb, ZnPhytoextraction.: 19 
SeLow rates of selenium volatilization from selenate-supplied Muskgrass (10-fold less than from selenite) may be due to a major rate limitation in the reduction of selenate to organic forms of selenium in Muskgrass.Chara canescens Desv. & LoisMuskgrassMuskgrass treated with selenite contains 91% of the total Se in organic forms (selenoethers and diselenides), compared with 47% in Muskgrass treated with selenate. 1.9% of the total Se input is accumulated in its tissues; 0.5% is removed via biological volatilization.
SeBassia scoparia
(a.k.a. Kochia scoparia)		burningbush, ragweed, summer cypress, fireball, belvedere and Mexican firebrush, Mexican fireweedU, Cr, Pb, Hg, Ag, ZnPerchlorate (wetland halophytes). Phytoextraction.: 19, 898 
SeSalix spp.Osier spp.Ag, Cr, Hg, petroleum hydrocarbures, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;: 19  Cd, Pb, U, Zn (S. viminalis); Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes).: 19 
Zn32,000Arabidopsis halleriCd(H), Zn(H)Occurring mainly in the Galmei (zinc) floras of central and western Europe
ZnA-Agrostis castellanaHighland Bent GrassAl(A), As(H), Mn(A), Pb(A)Origin Portugal.: 898 
ZnAthyrium yokoscense(Japanese false spleenwort?)Cd(A), Cu(H), Pb(H)Origin Japan.: 898 
ZnBrassicaceaeMustards, mustard flowers, crucifers or cabbage familyCd(H), Cs(H), Ni(H), Sr(H)Phytoextraction: 19 
ZnBrassica juncea L.Indian mustardCd(A), Cr(A), Cu(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Pb(P), U(A).Larvae of Pieris brassicae do not even sample its high-Zn leaves. (Pollard and Baker, 1997): 19, 898 
ZnBrassica napusRapeseed plantAg, Cr, Hg, Pb, SePhytoextraction: 19 
ZnHelianthus annuusSunflowerPhytoextraction and rhizofiltration: 19 
ZnEichhornia crassipesWater HyacinthCd(H), Cr(A), Cu(A), Hg(H), Pb(H). Also Cs, Sr, U, and pesticides.Pantropical/Subtropical, 'the troublesome weed'.: 898 
ZnSalix viminalisCommon OsierAg, Cr, Hg, Se, petroleum hydrocarbons, organic solvents, MTBE, TCE and by-products;: 19  Cd, Pb, U (S. viminalis); Potassium ferrocyanide (S. babylonica L.)Phytoextraction. Perchlorate (wetland halophytes).
ZnA-Salvinia molestaKariba weeds or water fernsCr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H), Zn(A)Origin India.: 898 
Zn Cd: 574 to 1470

Zn: 9020 to 14,600

 Sedum plumbizincicola (Crassulaceae) Crassula or Stonecrop family Cd(H), Zn(H) Native to the Zitong Town in West Zhejiang Province, China
Zn1400Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (Caryophyllaceae)Bladder campionErnst et al. (1990)
ZnSpirodela polyrhizaGiant DuckweedCd(H), Cr(H), Ni(H), Pb(H)Native to North America.: 891, 898 
ZnH-10,000Thlaspi caerulescens (Brassicaceae)Alpine pennycressCd(H), Cr(A), Co(H), Cu(H), Mo, Ni(H), Pb(H)48 records of plants. May acidify its own rhizosphere, which would facilitate absorption by solubilization of the metal: 19, 891, 898 
ZnTrifolium pratenseRed CloverNonmetal accumulator.Its rhizosphere is denser in bacteria than that of Thlaspi caerulescens, but T. caerulescens has relatively more metal-resistant bacteria.

Cs-137 activity was much smaller in leaves of larch and sycamore maple than of spruce: spruce > larch > sycamore maple.

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