Lumeiyi Formation
| Lumeiyi Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Middle Eocene | |
| Type | Formation |
| Location | |
| Region | Yunnan |
| Country | China |
The Lumeiyi Formation is a geologic formation in Lunan, Yunnan, southwestern China. The precise age of the Lumeiyi Formation is not resolved more specifically than Middle Eocene, since the local fauna includes animals characteristic of both the Irdinmanhan and Sharamurunian land mammal ages.
The Lumeiyi Formation is divided into an Upper and Lower horizon, and the lower part of the Lumeiyi Formation is believed to be earlier in age than the upper part. Perissodactyls are especially dominant in both the lower and upper parts of the formation, though artiodactyls also increase in number in the upper part. The upper part of the Lumeiyi Formation may be roughly coeval in age with the Pondaung Formation in Myanmar.
Fossil mammals
Artiodactyla
| Genus/family | Species | Horizon | Notes/affinities | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthracotheriidae indet. | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | An indeterminate anthracothere. | ||
| Brachyodus? | B.? hui | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | An anthracothere. | |
| Eoentelodon | E. yunnanense | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | An entelodont. | |
| Gobiohyus | G. sp. | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | A helohyid. | |
| Probrachyodus | P. panchiaoensis | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | An anthracothere. | |
Carnivora
| Genus/family | Species | Horizon | Notes/affinities | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canidae (or Miacidae) indet. | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | A canid or miacid. | ||
| Chailicyon | C. crassidens | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | A miacid. | |
| Nimravidae indet. | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | An indeterminate nimravid. | ||
Creodonta
| Genus/family | Species | Horizon | Notes/affinities | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Creodonta indet. | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | An indeterminate creodont. | ||
Hyaenodonta
| Genus/family | Species | Horizon | Notes/affinities | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Orienspterodon | O. dahkoensis | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | A hyainailourid. Previously referred to the genus Pterodon. |
Mesonychia
| Genus/family | Species | Horizon | Notes/affinities | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Honanodon | H. sp. | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | A mesonychid. |  |
Perissodactyla
| Genus/family | Species | Horizon | Notes/affinities | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Amynodon" | "A". altidens | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | An amynodont. A. altidens, A. lunanensis, and other Asian fossils referred to Amynodon, are no longer considered to belong to the genus. | |
| "A". lunanensis | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | |||
| "A". spp. | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | |||
| Breviodon | B. lumeiyiensis | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | A lophialetid (?). | |
| B. sahoensis | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | |||
| Caenolophus | C. medius | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | A primitive amynodont. | |
| C. sp. | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | |||
| Deperetella | D. dienensis | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | A deperetellid. | |
| D. cf. similis | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | |||
| D. sp. | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | |||
| Dianotitan | D. lunanensis | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | A brontothere. | |
| Eomoropus | E. cf. quadridentatus | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | An eomoropid. | |
| Forstercooperia | F. totadentata | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | A paracerathere. The Lumeiyi fossils of F. totadentata were previously referred to F. shiwopuensis, a junior synonym. |  |
| F. sp. | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | |||
| F. sp. | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | |||
| Helaletes | H. mongoliensis | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | A helaletid. | |
| Hyrachyus | H. lunanensis | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | A primitive rhinocerotoid. |  |
| H. minor | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | |||
| Ilianodon | I. lunanensis | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | A hyracodont. | |
| "Indricotherium"? | "I".? sp. | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | A paracerathere. Indricotherium is considered a synonym of Paraceratherium. |  |
| Juxia | J. sp. | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | A paracerathere. | |
| Litolophus | L.? ulterior | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | An eomoropid. | |
| Lophialetes | L. expeditus | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | A lophialetid. | |
| L. cf. expeditus | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | |||
| L. yunnanensis | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | |||
| Lunania | L. youngi | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | An eomoropid. | |
| Lushiamynodon | L. menchiapuensis | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | An amynodont. | |
| cf. Metamynodon | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | An amynodont. Genus currently considered to have been restricted to North America. |  | |
| cf. Paramynodon | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | An amynodont. | ||
| Prohyracodon | P. progressa | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | A hyracodont. | |
| P. meridionale | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | |||
| P. cf. orientale | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | |||
| P. sp. | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | |||
| Protitan | P. cf. grangeri | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | A brontothere. Fossils originally referred to P. robustus, which is now considered a synonym of P. grangeri. | |
| Rhinotitan | R. quadridens | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | A brontothere. R. quadridens is a nomen dubium that may not belong to Rhinotitan. | |
| R. sp. | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | |||
| R. sp. | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | |||
| Rhodopagus | R. pygmaeus | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | A rhodopagid. | |
| R. minimus | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | |||
| Teilhardia | T. pretiosa | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | A primitive amynodont. | |
| T.? sp. | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | |||
| Teleolophus | T. medius | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | A deperetellid. | |
| T. cf. magnus | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | |||
| T.? rectus | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | |||
| T. sp. | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | |||
| Urtinotherium | U. parvum | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | A paracerathere. U. parvum has historically sometimes been referred to Indricotherium (=Paraceratherium). | |
| U. cf. parvum | Upper (Anyencun-Xiaoshahe area) | |||
Tillodontia
| Genus/family | Species | Horizon | Notes/affinities | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tillodontia indet. | Lower (Lumeiyi-Lunan area) | An indeterminate tillodont. | ||
References
- 1 2 3 Mihlbachler, Matthew C (2008). "Species taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the Brontotheriidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History (311). American Museum of Natural History. hdl:2246/5913.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 Tsubamoto, Takehisa; Egi, Naoko; Takai, Masanaru; Shigehara, Nobuo; Aye Ko, Aung; Thein, Tin; Soe, Aung Naing; Tun, Soe Thura (2000). "A preliminary report on the Eocene mammals of the Pondaung fauna, Myanmar". Asian Palaeoprimatology. 1: 29–101.
- ↑ Wall, William P. (1982). "The Genus Amynodon and Its Relationship to Other Members of the Amynodontidae (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotoidea)". Journal of Paleontology. 56 (2): 434–443. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 1304471.
- ↑ Lucas, S.G.; Schoch, R.M.; Manning, E. (1981). "The Systematics of Forstercooperia, a Middle to Late Eocene Hyracodontid (Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotoidea) from Asia and Western North America". Journal of Paleontology. 55 (4): 826–841. JSTOR 1304430.
- ↑ Lucas, S.G.; Sobus, J.C. (1989). "The Systematics of Indricotheres". In Prothero, Donald R.; Schoch, Robert M. (eds.). The Evolution of Perissodactyls. Oxford University Press. pp. 358–378. ISBN 978-0-19-506039-3. OCLC 19268080.
- ↑ Averianov, Alexander; Danilov, Igor; Jin, Jianhua; Wang, Yingyong (2017). "A new amynodontid from the Eocene of South China and phylogeny of Amynodontidae (Perissodactyla: Rhinocerotoidea)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 15 (11): 927–945. doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1256914. ISSN 1477-2019.