Macrobiotidae

Macrobiotidae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Tardigrada
Class:	Eutardigrada
Order:	Parachela
Superfamily:	Macrobiotoidea
Family:	Macrobiotidae; Thulin, 1928
Type genus
	Macrobiotus; C.A.S. Schultze, 1834

Macrobiotidae is a family of tardigrades.

Phylogeny

External phylogeny

According to a 2018 report using multiple morphological and molecular studies, the Macrobiotoidea are sister to the Hypsibioidea; both are eutardigrades. The genera Adorybiotus and Richtersius were transferred from Macrobiotidae to a new family, Richtersiidae, in 2016 (this name was preoccupied thus the new family was renamed to Richtersiusidae in 2021).

Eutardigrada

Apochela

Milnesiidae

Parachela

Isohypsibiodea

Macrobiotoidea

	Macrobiotidae

	Richtersiusidae

Hypsibioidea

Internal phylogeny

A 2021 phylogenetic analysis found that the genus Macrobiotus is monophyletic (a clade) but that the former genus Xerobiotus is wholly contained within Macrobiotus. A new genus, Sisubiotus, was created. The genus "Minibiotus" was seen to be paraphyletic with respect to Tenuibiotus and Paramacrobiotus.

Macrobiotidae

	Macrobiotus

	Mesobiotus

Sisubiotus

"Minibiotus" (part)

	Tenuibiotus

	Paramacrobiotus

Genera

As of 2023^[update], the family Macrobiotidae consists of the following genera:

Biserovus Guidetti & Pilato, 2003
Calcarobiotus Dastych, 1993
- C. (Calcarobiotus) Dastych, 1993
- C. (Discrepunguis) Guidetti & Bertolani, 2001
Famelobiotus Pilato, Binda & Lisi, 2004
Insuetifurca Guidetti & Pilato, 2003
Macrobiotus C.A.S. Schultze, 1834
Mesobiotus Vecchi et al., 2016
Minibiotus R.O. Schuster, 1980
Minilentus Guidetti & Pilato, 2003
Paramacrobiotus Guidetti et al., 2009
Pseudodiphascon Ramazzotti, 1965 (genus dubium)
Pseudohexapodibius Bertolani & Biserov, 1996
Schusterius Kaczmarek & Michalczyk, 2006
Sisubiotus Stec, Vecchi, Calhim & Michalczyk, 2021
Tenuibiotus Pilato & Lisi, 2011
Xerobiotus Bertolani & Biserov, 1996

References

↑ Thulin, Gustav (1928). "Über die Phylogenie und das System der Tardigraden". Hereditas. 11 (2–3): 207–266. doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1928.tb02488.x.
↑ Jørgensen, Aslak; Kristensen, Reinhardt M.; Møbjerg, Nadja (2018). "Phylogeny and Integrative Taxonomy of Tardigrada". Water Bears: The Biology of Tardigrades. Vol. 2. Springer International Publishing. pp. 95–114. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95702-9_3. ISBN 978-3-319-95701-2.
1 2 3 Degma, Peter; Bertolani, Roberto; Guidetti, Roberto. "Actual checklist of Tardigrada species" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-01-31.
↑ Guidetti, Roberto; Rebecchi, Lorena; Bertolani, Roberto; Jönsson, Kjell Ingemar; Møbjerg Kristensen, Reinhardt; Cesari, Michele (December 2016). "Morphological and molecular analyses on Richtersius (Eutardigrada) diversity reveal its new systematic position and lead to the establishment of a new genus and a new family within Macrobiotoidea". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 178 (4): 834–845. doi:10.1111/zoj.12428. hdl:11380/1116627.
↑ Stec, Daniel; Vecchi, Matteo; Calhim, Sara; Michalczyk, Łukasz (2021). "New multilocus phylogeny reorganises the family Macrobiotidae (Eutardigrada) and unveils complex morphological evolution of the Macrobiotus hufelandi group". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 160 106987. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106987.
↑ Dockrill, Peter (2020-10-14). "We Just Found Another Trick Tardigrades Use to Be Basically Indestructible". ScienceAlert. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
↑ Lorena Rebecchi et al.: Resistance of the anhydrobiotic eutardigrade Paramacrobiotus richtersi to space flight (LIFE-TARSE mission on FOTON-M3). In: Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 49; 21 April 2011; pp. 98–103; doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00606.x.
↑ Dvorsky, George (2020-10-14). "New Fluorescent Tardigrade Is Weirdly Resistant to UV Radiation". Gizmodo. Retrieved 2023-01-31.

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[1] Thulin, Gustav (1928). "Über die Phylogenie und das System der Tardigraden". Hereditas. 11 (2–3): 207–266. doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1928.tb02488.x.

[Jørgensen_Kristensen_2018-2] Jørgensen, Aslak; Kristensen, Reinhardt M.; Møbjerg, Nadja (2018). "Phylogeny and Integrative Taxonomy of Tardigrada". Water Bears: The Biology of Tardigrades. Vol. 2. Springer International Publishing. pp. 95–114. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95702-9_3. ISBN 978-3-319-95701-2.

[Degma_et_al.,_2023-3] 1 2 3 Degma, Peter; Bertolani, Roberto; Guidetti, Roberto. "Actual checklist of Tardigrada species" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-01-31.

[Guidetti_et_al.,_2016-4] Guidetti, Roberto; Rebecchi, Lorena; Bertolani, Roberto; Jönsson, Kjell Ingemar; Møbjerg Kristensen, Reinhardt; Cesari, Michele (December 2016). "Morphological and molecular analyses on Richtersius (Eutardigrada) diversity reveal its new systematic position and lead to the establishment of a new genus and a new family within Macrobiotoidea". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 178 (4): 834–845. doi:10.1111/zoj.12428. hdl:11380/1116627.

[Stec_Vecchi_Calhim_2021-5] Stec, Daniel; Vecchi, Matteo; Calhim, Sara; Michalczyk, Łukasz (2021). "New multilocus phylogeny reorganises the family Macrobiotidae (Eutardigrada) and unveils complex morphological evolution of the Macrobiotus hufelandi group". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 160 106987. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106987.

[6] Dockrill, Peter (2020-10-14). "We Just Found Another Trick Tardigrades Use to Be Basically Indestructible". ScienceAlert. Retrieved 2023-01-31.

[7] Lorena Rebecchi et al.: Resistance of the anhydrobiotic eutardigrade Paramacrobiotus richtersi to space flight (LIFE-TARSE mission on FOTON-M3). In: Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 49; 21 April 2011; pp. 98–103; doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00606.x.

[8] Dvorsky, George (2020-10-14). "New Fluorescent Tardigrade Is Weirdly Resistant to UV Radiation". Gizmodo. Retrieved 2023-01-31.