Mir-9/mir-79 microRNA precursor family

mir-9
miR-9 microRNA secondary structure and sequence conservation.
Identifiers
Symbolmir-9
RfamRF00237
miRBase familyMIPF0000014
HGNC31641
OMIM611186
Other data
RNA typemicroRNA
DomainEukaryota;
PDB structuresPDBe

The miR-9 microRNA (homologous to miR-79), is a short non-coding RNA gene involved in gene regulation. The mature ~21nt miRNAs are processed from hairpin precursor sequences by the Dicer enzyme. The dominant mature miRNA sequence is processed from the 5' arm of the mir-9 precursor, and from the 3' arm of the mir-79 precursor. The mature products are thought to have regulatory roles through complementarity to mRNA. In vertebrates, miR-9 is highly expressed in the brain, and is suggested to regulate neuronal differentiation. A number of specific targets of miR-9 have been proposed, including the transcription factor REST and its partner CoREST.

Species distribution

miR-9 has been identified in Drosophila (MI0000129), mouse (MI0000720[link removed]) and human (MI0000466[link removed]), and the related miR-79 in C. elegans (MI0000050) and Drosophila melanogaster (MI0000374[link removed]).

Role in disease

microRNAs have been implicated in human cancer in a number of studies. It has been shown that human miR-9 expression levels are reduced in many breast cancer samples due to hypermethylation an epigenetic modification. Hildebrandt et al. show that two genes encoding for has-miR-9 are significantly hypermethylated in clear cell renal carcinoma tumours.

References

  1. ↑ Ambros V (2001). "microRNAs: tiny regulators with great potential". Cell. 107 (7): 823–6. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00616-X. PMID 11779458.
  2. ↑ Delaloy C, Liu L, Lee JA, Su H, Shen F, Yang GY, Young WL, Ivey KN, Gao FB (2010). "MicroRNA-9 coordinates proliferation and migration of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitors". Cell Stem Cell. 6 (4): 323–35. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2010.02.015. PMC 2851637. PMID 20362537.
  3. ↑ Packer AN, Xing Y, Harper SQ, Jones L, Davidson BL (2008). "The bifunctional microRNA miR-9/miR-9* regulates REST and CoREST and is downregulated in Huntington's disease". J Neurosci. 28 (53): 14341–6. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2390-08.2008. PMC 3124002. PMID 19118166.
  4. ↑ Lagos-Quintana M, Rauhut R, Lendeckel W, Tuschl T (2001). "Identification of novel genes coding for small expressed RNAs". Science. 294 (5543): 853–8. doi:10.1126/science.1064921. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-F65F-2. PMID 11679670. S2CID 18101169.
  5. ↑ Lagos-Quintana M, Rauhut R, Yalcin A, Meyer J, Lendeckel W, Tuschl T (2002). "Identification of tissue-specific microRNAs from mouse". Curr. Biol. 12 (9): 735–9. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00809-6. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0010-94EF-7. PMID 12007417. S2CID 7901788.
  6. ↑ Lau NC, Lim LP, Weinstein EG, Bartel DP (2001). "An abundant class of tiny RNAs with probable regulatory roles in Caenorhabditis elegans". Science. 294 (5543): 858–62. doi:10.1126/science.1065062. PMID 11679671. S2CID 43262684.
  7. ↑ Sempere LF, Sokol NS, Dubrovsky EB, Berger EM, Ambros V (2003). "Temporal regulation of microRNA expression in Drosophila melanogaster mediated by hormonal signals and broad-Complex gene activity". Dev. Biol. 259 (1): 9–18. doi:10.1016/S0012-1606(03)00208-2. PMID 12812784.
  8. ↑ Lehmann U, Hasemeier B, Christgen M, et al. (2007). "Epigenetic inactivation of microRNA gene hsa-mir-9-1 in human breast cancer". The Journal of Pathology. 214 (1): 17–24. doi:10.1002/path.2251. PMID 17948228. S2CID 22024957.
  9. ↑ Hildebrandt MA, Gu J, Lin J, Ye Y, Tan W, Tamboli P, Wood CG, Wu X (2010). "Hsa-miR-9 methylation status is associated with cancer development and metastatic recurrence in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma". Oncogene. 29 (42): 5724–8. doi:10.1038/onc.2010.305. PMID 20676129.