Moderation and Development Party

Moderation and Development Party
حزب اعتدال و توسعه
LeaderHassan Rouhani
Secretary-GeneralMohammad Bagher Nobakht
SpokespersonRamezan-Ali Sobhanifar
Executive SecretaryMorteza Bank
Politburo HeadMahmoud Vaezi
Election HeadAli Jannati
FoundedNovember 1999; 26 years ago (1999-11)
HeadquartersTehran, Iran
IdeologyModeratism
Pragmatism
Idealism
Islamic democracy
Velâyat-e Faqih
Technocracy
Faction:
Institutional economics
Under the presidency of Hassan Rouhani:
Neoliberalism
Moderate conservatism
Economic liberalism
Neo-Keynesianism
Populism
Reformism
Pro–foreign investment
Political positionCentre
National affiliationPragmatists
Reformists
Alliance
Government
1 / 33
Parliament
1 / 290
Website
www.hezbet.ir

Moderation and Development Party (Persian: حزب اعتدال و توسعه, romanized: Hezb-e E'tedāl va Towse'eh) is a political party in Iran. It is a pragmatic-centrist political party which held its first congress in 2002.

Platform

The party is part of the faction called "modernist right", "moderate reformists" and "technocrats" that draws from upper-level bureaucrats, industrialists and managers. It deals with a platform on modernization and economic growth rather than social justice, along with the Executives of Construction Party and the Islamic Labour Party. The party has been allied with Popular Coalition of Reforms and Pervasive Coalition of Reformists in parliamentary elections and has had good relations with both Mohammad Khatami’s reform program and Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. In April 2017, the party joined the supreme policymaking council of reformists.

Some sources branded them as part of the conservative camp in the 2000s or reformists under the leadership of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. In 2003, the party's spokesperson wrote in Hamshahri, a major Iranian newspaper, that the party regards itself among "true reformists", who are idealists, considering "social realities" interpreted with the "principle of moderation".

According to Ali Afshari, the party prioritizes economic expansion and follows free market policies, however a minority faction represented by members, such as Bagher Nobakht, advocate institutionalized economy and maintain that the government should interfere to regulate markets to a limited extent. They support limited political and cultural transformations, and believe political activism should only be within the frameworks of the constitution. The party also embraces Velâyat-e Faqih.

Presidential candidates

Year Candidate
2001Mohammad Khatami
2005Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
2009Mir-Hossein Mousavi
2013Hassan Rouhani
2017Hassan Rouhani
2024 Masoud Pezeshkian

Members

Current officeholders

Cabinet
Parliament

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Seyed Hossein Mousavian (5 July 2013), "The Rise of the Iranian Moderates", Al-Monitor, archived from the original on 17 November 2019, retrieved 7 December 2016
  2. 1 2 Khani, Mohammad Hassan (17 July 2012). "Political Parties in the Islamic Republic of Iran". Iran Review. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  3. ↑ ""جنتی" معاون کانون‌ها و "سبحانی‌فر" سخنگوی اعتدال و توسعه شدند" (in Persian). Tasnim News Agency. 27 June 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  4. ↑ "Iran News Round Up", Critical Threats Project, 8 December 2015, retrieved 7 April 2017
  5. ↑ "Iran's Presidential Election: Who are the Candidates?", Iran Wire, 13 April 2017, retrieved 21 April 2017
  6. 1 2 "In the Gap between the Two Wings", Hamshahri (in Persian), no. 3005, p. Politics, 15 March 2003, retrieved 1 June 2017
  7. 1 2 3 Ali Afshari (8 April 2014), "Internal rivalries hinder Rouhani's reform efforts", Al-Monitor, retrieved 11 December 2016
  8. ↑ "Internal rivalries hinder Rouhani's reform efforts - AL-Monitor: The Middle Eastʼs leading independent news source since 2012".
  9. ↑ "Dangerous Iranophobia: Trump edges towards his own 'axis of evil' moment". Middle East Eye.
  10. ↑ "Rouhani's Neoliberal Doctrine has Failed Iran".
  11. ↑ Zaccara, Luciano; Mohiddin, Wafa Sultana (2020). "Introduction". Foreign Policy of Iran under President Hassan Rouhani's First Term (2013–2017). Contemporary Gulf Studies. pp. 1–13. doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3924-4_1. ISBN 978-981-15-3923-7.
  12. ↑ "Iran Regime's Official: The Stock Market Will Blow". 9 May 2020.
  13. ↑ Dubowitz, Mark (5 March 2016). "Hassan Rouhani, 'Moderates' and Iran's Post-Election Path". Wall Street Journal.
  14. ↑ "Neoliberal Economics Comes to Iran". 17 October 2014.
  15. ↑ https://dl.icds.org/pdfs/files4/7a32570282dae73370608e648729ec5b.pdf[permanent dead link]
  16. ↑ "Neoliberal Economics: The Plague of Iran's Economy". 3 October 2018.
  17. ↑
  18. ↑ "Iran after the elections: Time for re-engagement". ISPI.
  19. ↑ "Iran's economic reforms in retreat".
  20. ↑ "Rouhani: Management of capital market; key to stability, development, prosperity".
  21. 1 2 Discourse analysis of the foundations of development in the government of Hassan Rou
  22. ↑ "Iran's President Rouhani Accused of Secret Talks with Israel".
  23. ↑ "Iranian press review: Rouhani accused of holding secret talks with Israel". Middle East Eye.
  24. ↑ Mousavi, Seyed Qaem; Azin, Ahmad; Jafarinejad, Masoud (16 March 2020). "DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE FOUNDATIONS OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE GOVERNMENT OF HASSAN ROUHANI | Humanidades & Inovação". revista.unitins.br. 7 (4): 282–292. Retrieved 2026-08-09.
  25. ↑
  26. ↑ Akbarzadeh, Shahram (19 May 2017). Rattan, Reema; Chakraverty, Clea (eds.). "Hassan Rouhani's economic legacy may be his key to winning a second term". doi:10.64628/AAL.96ad9djhp.
  27. ↑ "Iran's Reform Camp is in Crisis". 11 January 2019.
  28. 1 2 "Guide: Iranian parliamentary elections". BBC World. 27 February 2012. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  29. ↑ "Iran Report". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 16 February 2004. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  30. ↑ Rabasa, Angel; Waxman, Matthew; Larson, Eric V.; Marcum, Cheryl Y. (2004). The Muslim World After 9/11. Rand Corporation. p. 221. ISBN 9780833037558.
  31. ↑ Mohseni, Payam (2016). "Factionalism, Privatization, and the Political economy of regime transformation". In Brumberg, Daniel; Farhi, Farideh (eds.). Power and Change in Iran: Politics of Contention and Conciliation. Indiana Series in Middle East Studies. Indiana University Press. p. 44.
  32. ↑ Parisa Hafezi (18 February 2016). Dominic Evans (ed.). "Factbox: Parties and politics in Iran's parliamentary election". Reuters. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
  33. ↑ "Moderation party joins reformist policy-making council", Tehran Times, 10 April 2017, retrieved 14 April 2017
  34. ↑ Beeman, William O. (Summer 2004). "Elections and Governmental Structure in Iran: Reform Lurks Under the Flaws" (PDF). Brown Journal of World Affairs. XI (1): 55–67.
  35. ↑ "How Iran votes". BBC World. 3 February 2004. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
  36. ↑ Kaveh-Cyrus Sanandaji (2009), "The Eighth Majles Elections in the Islamic Republic of Iran: A Division in Conservative Ranks and the Politics of Moderation", Iranian Studies, 42 (4), Routledge: 621–648, doi:10.1080/00210860903106345, S2CID 153397356
  37. ↑ Aras, Bulent (September 2001). "Transformation of the Iranian political system: Towards a new model?" (PDF). Middle East Review of International Affairs. 5 (3).
  38. ↑ "Moderation and Development Party backs Rowhani for president", Mehr News Agency, 14 September 2008, retrieved 24 November 2016
  39. ↑ "Party leader wants debates among candidates' representatives", Mehr News Agency, 30 May 2009, retrieved 24 November 2016
  40. ↑ "Moderation and Development Party to back Rouhani", Tehran Times, 14 January 2017, retrieved 14 January 2017
  41. ↑ Behnegarsoft.com (2024-06-10). "حزب اعتدال و توسعه - بیانیه انتخاباتی حزب اعتدال و توسعه در حمایت از دکتر مسعود پزشکیان ، نامزد انتخابات ریاست جمهوری 1403". حزب اعتدال و توسعه (in Persian). Retrieved 2024-09-06.