List of governors of Vermont

The governor of Vermont is the head of government of the U.S. state of Vermont. Since 1994, Vermont is one of only two U.S. states (New Hampshire being the other) that elects governors for two-year terms. Until 1870, Vermont elected its governors for one-year terms. Isaac Tichenor, Jonas Galusha, Erastus Fairbanks, and Richard A. Snelling each served non-consecutive terms, while Thomas Chittenden served non-consecutive terms as governor of the Vermont Republic.

Mountain Rule

From the founding of the Republican Party in the 1850s until the 1960s, only Republicans won general elections for Vermont's statewide offices. One method that made this possible was the Republican Party's imposition of the "Mountain Rule," an informal mechanism which restricted the pool of candidates.

Under the original provisions of the Mountain Rule, one U.S. senator was a resident of the east side of the Green Mountains and one resided on the west side. The expanded version of the rule called for the governorship and lieutenant governorship to alternate between residents of the east and west sides. Nominees for governor and lieutenant governor were originally allowed two one-year terms, and later one two-year term. For nearly 100 years, likely Republican candidates for office in Vermont agreed to abide by the expanded Mountain Rule in the interests of party unity. Several factors led to the eventual weakening of the Mountain Rule, including the long political dispute between the Proctor (conservative) and Aiken–Gibson (progressive) wings of the party; primaries rather than conventions to select nominees; the direct election of U.S. Senators; and several active third parties, including the Progressives, the Prohibition Party, and the Local Option movement. In the 1960s, the rise of the Vermont Democratic Party and the construction of Interstate 89 also contributed to the end of the Mountain Rule. Although I-89 is a north–south route, it traverses Vermont from southeast to northwest for the majority of its length within the state and changed the way residents view how it is divided.

List of governors

Vermont Republic

The Vermont Republic declared independence from Great Britain on January 15, 1777.

Governors of the Republic of Vermont
No. Governor Term in office Election Lt. Governor
1 Thomas Chittenden
(1730–1797)
 March 13, 1778
–
October 13, 1789
(4233 days; lost election)		 Mar.1778 Joseph Marsh
Sept.1778
1779 Benjamin Carpenter
1780
1781 Elisha Payne
1782 Paul Spooner
1783
1784
1785
1786 Joseph Marsh
1787
1788
2 Moses Robinson
(1741–1813)
 October 13, 1789
–
October 20, 1790
(373 days; lost election)		 1789
3 Thomas Chittenden
(1730–1797)
 October 20, 1790
–
March 4, 1791
(136 days;
became state governor)		 1790 Peter Olcott

State of Vermont

Vermont was admitted to the Union on March 4, 1791.

Governors of the State of Vermont
No. Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor
1   Thomas Chittenden
(1730–1797)
 March 5, 1791
–
August 25, 1797
(2366 days; died in office)		 No party 1791   Peter Olcott
1792
1793
1794 Jonathan Hunt
1795
1796 Paul Brigham
2 Paul Brigham
(1746–1824)
 August 25, 1797
–
October 16, 1797
(53 days; retired)		 Democratic-
Republican		 Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
3 Isaac Tichenor
(1754–1838)
 October 16, 1797
–
October 9, 1807
(3645 days; lost election)		 Federalist 1797 Paul Brigham
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
4 Israel Smith
(1759–1810)
 October 9, 1807
–
October 14, 1808
(372 days; lost election)		 Democratic-
Republican		 1807
5 Isaac Tichenor
(1754–1838)
 October 14, 1808
–
October 14, 1809
(366 days; lost election)		 Federalist 1808
6 Jonas Galusha
(1753–1834)
 October 14, 1809
–
October 23, 1813
(1471 days; lost election)		 Democratic-
Republican		 1809
1810
1811
1812
7 Martin Chittenden
(1763–1840)
 October 23, 1813
–
October 14, 1815
(722 days; lost election)		 Federalist 1813 William Chamberlain
1814
8 Jonas Galusha
(1753–1834)
 October 14, 1815
–
October 13, 1820
(1827 days; retired)		 Democratic-
Republican		 1815 Paul Brigham
1816
1817
1818
1819
9 Richard Skinner
(1778–1833)
 October 13, 1820
–
October 10, 1823
(1093 days; retired)		 Democratic-
Republican		 1820 William Cahoon
1821
1822 Aaron Leland
10 Cornelius P. Van Ness
(1782–1852)
 October 10, 1823
–
October 13, 1826
(1100 days; retired)		 Democratic-
Republican		 1823
1824
1825
11 Ezra Butler
(1763–1838)
 October 13, 1826
–
October 10, 1828
(729 days; retired)		 National
Republican		 1826
1827 Henry Olin
12 Samuel C. Crafts
(1768–1853)
 October 10, 1828
–
October 18, 1831
(1104 days; retired)		 National
Republican		 1828
1829
1830 Mark Richards
13 William A. Palmer
(1781–1860)
 October 18, 1831
–
November 2, 1835
(1477 days;
deadlocked election)		 Anti-Masonic 1831 Lebbeus Egerton
1832
1833
1834
14 Silas H. Jennison
(1791–1849)
 November 2, 1835
–
October 18, 1841
(2178 days; retired)		 Whig 1835 Acting as governor
1836 David M. Camp
1837
1838
1839
1840
15 Charles Paine
(1799–1853)
 October 18, 1841
–
October 13, 1843
(726 days; retired)		 Whig 1841 Waitstill R. Ranney
1842
16 John Mattocks
(1777–1847)
 October 13, 1843
–
October 11, 1844
(365 days; retired)		 Whig 1843 Horace Eaton
17 William Slade
(1786–1859)
 October 11, 1844
–
October 9, 1846
(729 days; retired)		 Whig 1844
1845
18 Horace Eaton
(1804–1855)
 October 9, 1846
–
October 19, 1848
(742 days; retired)		 Whig 1846 Leonard Sargeant
1847
19 Carlos Coolidge
(1792–1866)
 October 19, 1848
–
October 12, 1850
(724 days; retired)		 Whig 1848 Robert Pierpoint
1849
20 Charles K. Williams
(1782–1853)
 October 12, 1850
–
October 18, 1852
(738 days; retired)		 Whig 1850 Julius Converse
1851
21 Erastus Fairbanks
(1792–1864)
 October 18, 1852
–
November 1, 1853
(380 days; lost election)		 Whig 1852 William C. Kittredge
22 John S. Robinson
(1804–1860)
 November 1, 1853
–
October 13, 1854
(347 days; retired)		 Democratic 1853 Jefferson P. Kidder
23 Stephen Royce
(1787–1868)
 October 13, 1854
–
October 10, 1856
(729 days; retired)		 Whig 1854 Ryland Fletcher
Republican 1855
24 Ryland Fletcher
(1799–1885)
 October 10, 1856
–
October 15, 1858
(736 days; retired)		 Republican 1856 James M. Slade
1857
25 Hiland Hall
(1795–1885)
 October 15, 1858
–
October 12, 1860
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1858 Burnham Martin
1859
26 Erastus Fairbanks
(1792–1864)
 October 12, 1860
–
October 22, 1861
(376 days; retired)		 Republican 1860 Levi Underwood
27 Frederick Holbrook
(1813–1909)
 October 22, 1861
–
October 9, 1863
(718 days; retired)		 Republican 1861
1862 Paul Dillingham
28 J. Gregory Smith
(1818–1891)
 October 9, 1863
–
October 13, 1865
(736 days; retired)		 Republican 1863
1864
29 Paul Dillingham
(1799–1891)
 October 13, 1865
–
October 13, 1867
(731 days; retired)		 Republican 1865 Abraham B. Gardner
1866
30 John B. Page
(1826–1885)
 October 13, 1867
–
October 16, 1869
(735 days; retired)		 Republican 1867 Stephen Thomas
1868
31 Peter T. Washburn
(1814–1870)
 October 16, 1869
–
February 7, 1870
(115 days; died in office)		 Republican 1869 George W. Hendee
32 George Whitman Hendee
(1832–1906)
 February 7, 1870
–
October 6, 1870
(242 days; retired)		 Republican Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
33 John Wolcott Stewart
(1825–1915)
 October 6, 1870
–
October 3, 1872
(729 days;
lost nomination)		 Republican 1870 George N. Dale
34 Julius Converse
(1798–1885)
 October 3, 1872
–
October 8, 1874
(736 days; retired)		 Republican 1872 Russell S. Taft
35 Asahel Peck
(1803–1879)
 October 8, 1874
–
October 5, 1876
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1874 Lyman G. Hinckley
36 Horace Fairbanks
(1820–1888)
 October 5, 1876
–
October 3, 1878
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1876 Redfield Proctor
37 Redfield Proctor
(1831–1908)
 October 3, 1878
–
October 7, 1880
(736 days; retired)		 Republican 1878 Eben Pomeroy Colton
38 Roswell Farnham
(1827–1903)
 October 7, 1880
–
October 5, 1882
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1880 John L. Barstow
39 John L. Barstow
(1832–1913)
 October 5, 1882
–
October 2, 1884
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1882 Samuel E. Pingree
40 Samuel E. Pingree
(1832–1922)
 October 2, 1884
–
October 7, 1886
(736 days; retired)		 Republican 1884 Ebenezer J. Ormsbee
41 Ebenezer J. Ormsbee
(1834–1924)
 October 7, 1886
–
October 4, 1888
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1886 Levi K. Fuller
42 William P. Dillingham
(1843–1923)
 October 4, 1888
–
October 2, 1890
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1888 Urban A. Woodbury
43 Carroll S. Page
(1843–1925)
 October 2, 1890
–
October 6, 1892
(736 days; retired)		 Republican 1890 Henry A. Fletcher
44 Levi K. Fuller
(1841–1896)
 October 6, 1892
–
October 4, 1894
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1892 F. Stewart Stranahan
45 Urban A. Woodbury
(1838–1915)
 October 4, 1894
–
October 8, 1896
(736 days; retired)		 Republican 1894 Zophar M. Mansur
46 Josiah Grout
(1841–1925)
 October 8, 1896
–
October 6, 1898
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1896 Nelson W. Fisk
47 Edward Curtis Smith
(1854–1935)
 October 6, 1898
–
October 4, 1900
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1898 Henry C. Bates
48 William W. Stickney
(1853–1932)
 October 4, 1900
–
October 3, 1902
(730 days; retired)		 Republican 1900 Martin F. Allen
49 John G. McCullough
(1835–1915)
 October 3, 1902
–
October 6, 1904
(735 days; retired)		 Republican 1902 Zed S. Stanton
50 Charles J. Bell
(1845–1909)
 October 6, 1904
–
October 4, 1906
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1904 Charles H. Stearns
51 Fletcher D. Proctor
(1860–1911)
 October 4, 1906
–
October 8, 1908
(736 days; retired)		 Republican 1906 George H. Prouty
52 George H. Prouty
(1862–1918)
 October 8, 1908
–
October 6, 1910
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1908 John A. Mead
53 John A. Mead
(1841–1920)
 October 6, 1910
–
October 3, 1912
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1910 Leighton P. Slack
54 Allen M. Fletcher
(1853–1922)
 October 3, 1912
–
January 7, 1915
(827 days; retired)		 Republican 1912 Frank E. Howe
55 Charles W. Gates
(1856–1927)
 January 7, 1915
–
January 4, 1917
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1914 Hale K. Darling
56 Horace F. Graham
(1862–1941)
 January 4, 1917
–
January 10, 1919
(737 days; retired)		 Republican 1916 Roger W. Hulburd
57 Percival W. Clement
(1846–1927)
 January 10, 1919
–
January 7, 1921
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1918 Mason S. Stone
58 James Hartness
(1861–1934)
 January 7, 1921
–
January 4, 1923
(728 days; retired)		 Republican 1920 Abram W. Foote
59 Redfield Proctor Jr.
(1879–1957)
 January 4, 1923
–
January 8, 1925
(736 days; retired)		 Republican 1922 Franklin S. Billings
60 Franklin S. Billings
(1862–1935)
 January 8, 1925
–
January 6, 1927
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1924 Walter K. Farnsworth
61 John E. Weeks
(1853–1949)
 January 6, 1927
–
January 8, 1931
(1464 days; retired)		 Republican 1926 Hollister Jackson
(died November 2, 1927)
Vacant
1928 Stanley C. Wilson
62 Stanley C. Wilson
(1879–1967)
 January 8, 1931
–
January 10, 1935
(1464 days; retired)		 Republican 1930 Benjamin Williams
1932 Charles Manley Smith
63 Charles Manley Smith
(1868–1937)
 January 10, 1935
–
January 7, 1937
(729 days; retired)		 Republican 1934 George D. Aiken
64 George Aiken
(1892–1984)
 January 7, 1937
–
January 9, 1941
(1464 days; retired)		 Republican 1936 William Henry Wills
1938
65 William Henry Wills
(1882–1946)
 January 9, 1941
–
January 4, 1945
(1457 days; retired)		 Republican 1940 Mortimer R. Proctor
1942
66 Mortimer R. Proctor
(1889–1968)
 January 4, 1945
–
January 9, 1947
(736 days;
lost nomination)		 Republican 1944 Lee E. Emerson
67 Ernest W. Gibson Jr.
(1901–1969)
 January 9, 1947
–
January 16, 1950
(1104 days; resigned)		 Republican 1946
1948 Harold J. Arthur
68 Harold J. Arthur
(1904–1971)
 January 16, 1950
–
January 4, 1951
(354 days; retired)		 Republican Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
69 Lee E. Emerson
(1898–1976)
 January 4, 1951
–
January 6, 1955
(1464 days; retired)		 Republican 1950 Joseph B. Johnson
1952
70 Joseph B. Johnson
(1893–1986)
 January 6, 1955
–
January 15, 1959
(1471 days; retired)		 Republican 1954 Consuelo N. Bailey
1956 Robert T. Stafford
71 Robert Stafford
(1913–2006)
 January 15, 1959
–
January 5, 1961
(722 days; retired)		 Republican 1958 Robert S. Babcock
72 F. Ray Keyser Jr.
(1927–2015)
 January 5, 1961
–
January 10, 1963
(736 days; lost election)		 Republican 1960 Ralph A. Foote
73 Philip H. Hoff
(1924–2018)
 January 10, 1963
–
January 9, 1969
(2192 days; retired)		 Democratic 1962
1964 John J. Daley
1966
74 Deane C. Davis
(1900–1990)
 January 9, 1969
–
January 4, 1973
(1457 days; retired)		 Republican 1968 Thomas L. Hayes
1970 John S. Burgess
75 Thomas P. Salmon
(1932–2025)
 January 4, 1973
–
January 6, 1977
(1464 days; retired)		 Democratic 1972
1974 Brian D. Burns
76 Richard A. Snelling
(1927–1991)
 January 6, 1977
–
January 10, 1985
(2927 days; retired)		 Republican 1976 T. Garry Buckley
1978 Madeleine Kunin
1980
1982 Peter P. Smith
77 Madeleine Kunin
(b. 1933)
 January 10, 1985
–
January 10, 1991
(2192 days; retired)		 Democratic 1984
1986 Howard Dean
1988
78 Richard A. Snelling
(1927–1991)
 January 10, 1991
–
August 13, 1991
(216 days; died in office)		 Republican 1990
79 Howard Dean
(b. 1948)
 August 13, 1991
–
January 9, 2003
(4168 days; retired)		 Democratic Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		 Vacant
1992 Barbara W. Snelling
1994
1996 Doug Racine
1998
2000
80 Jim Douglas
(b. 1951)
 January 9, 2003
–
January 6, 2011
(2920 days; retired)		 Republican 2002 Brian Dubie
2004
2006
2008
81 Peter Shumlin
(b. 1956)
 January 6, 2011
–
January 5, 2017
(2192 days; retired)		 Democratic 2010 Phil Scott
2012
2014
82 Phil Scott
(b. 1958)
 January 5, 2017
–
Incumbent
(in office 3571 days)		 Republican 2016 David Zuckerman
2018
2020 Molly Gray
2022 David Zuckerman
2024 John S. Rodgers

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  2. 1 2 3 Represented the Democratic-Republican Party
  3. ↑ Brigham was instead reelected as lieutenant governor.
  4. 1 2 3 In the 1835 election, Palmer received a plurality, but not the required majority; the legislature remained deadlocked after 63 votes and the joint assembly dissolved on November 2 without choosing a governor, so Lieutenant Governor Jennison acted as governor for the term.
  5. ↑ Jennison represented both the Anti-Masonic and Whig parties in 1835.
  6. ↑ Republican convention delegates decided that since Washburn, from the East side of the Green Mountains, had won the nomination in 1869, the 1870 nomination should go to a candidate from the West. They also decided that though he was from the West, nominating Hendee would violate the Mountain Rule's two years in office provision, because 1870 would be the first election for a two-year term. As a result, Hendee was not a candidate.
  7. ↑ Vermont's gubernatorial terms were changed from one year to two. Stewart argued that the Mountain Rule's two-term limit on governors should allow him to serve two two-year terms. Republican convention delegates decided that the Mountain Rule limited governors to two years in office, so Stewart was not renominated.
  8. ↑ Weeks was instead elected to the United States House of Representatives.
  9. ↑ Aiken was instead elected to the United States Senate.
  10. ↑ Gibson resigned, having been confirmed to the United States District Court for the District of Vermont.
  11. ↑ Stafford was instead elected to the United States House of Representatives.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Represented the Republican Party
  13. ↑ Salmon instead ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate.
  14. 1 2 Represented the Democratic Party
  15. ↑ Scott's fifth term began on January 9, 2025, and will expire in January 2027.
  16. 1 2 Represented the Progressive Party

References

General
Specific
  1. ↑ Berg-Andersson, Richard E. (May 23, 2021). "Length of Terms of Office of State Governors Throughout American History". The Green Papers. Richard E. Berg-Andersson. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
  2. ↑ pdf Archived 2016-01-12 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ↑ Vermont State Archives & Records Administration (2017). "State Officers: Executive Branch; Governors". SOS.Vermont.Gov. Montpelier, VT: Vermont Secretary of State. Retrieved January 5, 2023.
  4. ↑ The Direct Primary, sos.vermont.gov
  5. ↑ "The Mountain Rule in Vermont". The New York Times. February 12, 1895. p. 7. Retrieved October 2, 2023.
  6. ↑ Magazine article, Mountain Rule Revisited, by Samuel B. Hand, Vermont History Magazine, published by Vermont Historical Society, Summer/Fall 2003, pages 139 to 151
  7. 1 2 3 Sobel 1978, p. 1561.
  8. 1 2 3 "Thomas Chittenden". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 11, 2023.
  9. ↑ State of Vermont (1873). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. I. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 243.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Position Papers: When conviviality leads to 'conspiracy of collegiality'". Barre Montpelier Times Argus. Barre, VT. October 17, 2018 [October 24, 2004].
  11. ↑ "Moses Robinson". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 11, 2023.
  12. ↑ State of Vermont (1873). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. III. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 189.
  13. ↑ State of Vermont (1873). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. III. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 211.
  14. 1 2 3 Wilbur, La Fayette (1899). Early History of Vermont. Jericho, VT: Roscoe Printing House. p. 333 – via Google Books.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 Kallenbach 1977, pp. 587–589.
  16. ↑ Glashan 1979, p. 314.
  17. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 1562.
  18. ↑ "Paul Brigham". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  19. ↑ Glashan 1979, p. 310.
  20. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1562–1563.
  21. 1 2 "Isaac Tichenor". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  22. ↑ State of Vermont (1873). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. IV. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 141.
  23. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1563–1564.
  24. ↑ "Israel Smith". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  25. ↑ State of Vermont (1873). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. IV. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 151.
  26. ↑ State of Vermont (1873). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. V. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 192.
  27. 1 2 3 Sobel 1978, pp. 1564–1565.
  28. 1 2 "Jonas Galusha". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  29. ↑ State of Vermont (1873). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. V. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 245.
  30. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1565–1566.
  31. ↑ "Martin Chittenden". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  32. ↑ State of Vermont (1873). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. VI. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 16.
  33. ↑ State of Vermont (1873). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. VI. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 108.
  34. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1566.
  35. ↑ "Richard Skinner". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  36. ↑ State of Vermont (1873). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. VI. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 290.
  37. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1567.
  38. ↑ "Cornelius P. Van Ness". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  39. ↑ State of Vermont (1873). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. VII. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 68.
  40. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1567–1568.
  41. ↑ "Ezra Butler". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  42. ↑ State of Vermont (1873). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. VII. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 208.
  43. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1568–1569.
  44. ↑ "Samuel C. Crafts". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  45. ↑ State of Vermont (1873). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. VII. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 303.
  46. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1569–1570.
  47. ↑ "William A. Palmer". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  48. ↑ State of Vermont (1873). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. VIII. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 8.
  49. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1570–1571.
  50. ↑ "Silas H. Jension". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  51. ↑ Glashan 1979, p. 316.
  52. ↑ State of Vermont (1873). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont. Vol. VIII. Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland. p. 215.
  53. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1571.
  54. ↑ "Charles Paine". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  55. ↑ Vermont General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1841 sess., 14, accessed July 13, 2023
  56. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1572.
  57. ↑ "John Mattocks". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  58. ↑ Vermont General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1843 sess., 12, accessed July 13, 2023
  59. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1572–1573.
  60. ↑ "William Slade". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  61. ↑ Vermont General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1844 sess., 11, accessed July 13, 2023
  62. ↑ Crockett, Walter Hill (1921). Vermont: The Green Mountain State. Vol. 3. New York, NY: Century History Company. p. 358 – via Google Books.
  63. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1573–1574.
  64. 1 2 "Horace Eaton". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  65. ↑ Vermont General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1846 sess., 8, accessed July 13, 2023
  66. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1574–1575.
  67. ↑ "Carlos Coolidge". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  68. ↑ Vermont General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1848 sess., 24, accessed July 13, 2023
  69. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1575–1576.
  70. ↑ "Charles Kilborn Williams". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  71. ↑ "The Legislature". The Brattleboro' Eagle. October 17, 1850. p. 2. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
  72. 1 2 3 Sobel 1978, pp. 1576–1577.
  73. 1 2 "Erastus Fairbanks". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  74. ↑ Vermont General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1852 sess., 25, accessed July 13, 2023
  75. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1577.
  76. ↑ "John Staniford Robinson". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  77. ↑ "Legislature of Vermont". The Daily Journal. November 2, 1853. p. 3. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
  78. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1577–1578.
  79. ↑ "Stephen Royce". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  80. ↑ Vermont General Assembly. Journal of the Senate. 1854 sess., 16, accessed July 14, 2023
  81. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "The Mountain Rule". Rutland Herald. Rutland, VT. October 16, 1911. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
  82. 1 2 Kallenbach 1977, p. 596.
  83. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1578–1579.
  84. ↑ "Ryland Fletcher". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  85. ↑ "General Assembly". The Vermont Patriot and State Gazette. October 17, 1856. p. 2. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
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  165. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1599–1600.
  166. ↑ "George Prouty". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  167. ↑ "Gov. G. H. Prouty Takes Oath of Office". Bennington Banner. October 8, 1908. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  168. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1600–1601.
  169. ↑ "John Abner Mead". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  170. ↑ "John A. Mead Inaugurated As Governor". The Barre Daily Times. October 6, 1910. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  171. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1601.
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  175. ↑ "Charles W. Gates". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  176. ↑ "Gates Takes Oath; Fletcher's Talk Fairly Bristles". The Barre Daily Times. January 7, 1915. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  177. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1602–1603.
  178. ↑ "Horace French Graham". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  179. ↑ "Governor Graham Outlines New Method for Economy". St. Albans Daily Messenger. January 4, 1917. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  180. 1 2 3 4 Slayton, Tom (March 2, 1980). "End of Vermont's Old 'Mountain Rule' Helped Doom GOP's Political Monopoly". Rutland Herald. Rutland, VT. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
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  182. ↑ "Percival W. Clement". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  183. ↑ "Governor Takes Oath of Office". Burlington Daily News. January 10, 1919. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  184. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1604–1605.
  185. ↑ "James Hartness". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  186. ↑ "James Hartness Is Inaugurated Governor of State". The Burlington Free Press. January 8, 1921. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2023.
  187. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1605–1606.
  188. ↑ "Redfield Proctor Jr". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  189. ↑ "Proctor Takes Oath of Office; Declares for State Budget Based on Expected Income". The Burlington Free Press. January 5, 1923. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  190. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1606.
  191. ↑ "Franklin Swift Billings". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  192. ↑ "Franklin S. Billings Is Inaugurated 63rd Governor of Vermont". The Burlington Free Press. January 9, 1925. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  193. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1606–1607.
  194. ↑ "John Eliakim Weeks". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  195. ↑ "John E. Weeks Sworn As State's 64th Governor". The Burlington Free Press. January 7, 1927. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  196. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1607–1608.
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  198. ↑ "Stanley C. Wilson of Chelsea Is Inducted Into Office As Governor of Vermont". The Burlington Free Press. Associated Press. January 9, 1931. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
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  201. ↑ "Charles Manley Smith". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  202. ↑ "Gov. Charles M. Smith Inaugurated in Customary Dignified Ceremony in the Hall of Representatives". The Burlington Free Press. January 11, 1935. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  203. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1609.
  204. ↑ "George D. Aiken". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  205. ↑ "Gov. Aiken's Inaugural Raps Connecticut River Storage Dam Projects". The Burlington Free Press. January 8, 1937. p. 16. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
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  207. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1610.
  208. ↑ "William H. Wills". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  209. ↑ "Inaugural Crowd of 1000 Hears Gov. Wills Call for Industrial Expansion Program in State". Rutland Daily Herald. January 10, 1941. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  210. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1610–1611.
  211. ↑ "Mortimer R. Proctor". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
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  213. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1611–1612.
  214. ↑ "Ernest William Gibson". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  215. ↑ "Ernest W. Gibson Becomes State's 65th Governor, Advocates Some Sweeping Changes in Gov't". The Burlington Free Press. January 10, 1947. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  216. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1612–1613.
  217. ↑ "Harold John Arthur". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  218. ↑ "Gov. Arthur in Inaugural Address Says He Will Be a Candidate for 2nd Term". The Burlington Free Press. January 17, 1950. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  219. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 1613.
  220. ↑ "Lee Emerson". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  221. ↑ "Gov. Emerson's Inaugural Message Urges Revision of 4 Major State Depts". The Burlington Free Press. January 5, 1951. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  222. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 1614.
  223. ↑ "Joseph Blaine Johnson". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  224. ↑ "Legislators and Visitors in Reception Line Greeting Vermont's Governor Johnson". The Bennington Evening Banner. January 7, 1955. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  225. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1614–1615.
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  227. ↑ "Stafford Inaugurated; Outlines Broad Program". Rutland Daily Herald. January 16, 1959. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  228. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1615–1616.
  229. ↑ "F. Ray Keyser". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  230. ↑ "Youngest Governor Begins His Term in State House". Burlington Daily News. United Press International. January 6, 1961. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  231. 1 2 Sobel 1978, p. 1616.
  232. ↑ "Philip Henderson Hoff". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  233. ↑ "Philip Hoff Takes Office As 71st Vermont Governor". Addison County Independent. January 18, 1963. p. 1A. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  234. ↑ Sobel 1978, p. 1617.
  235. ↑ "Deane C. Davis". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  236. ↑ "Family Watches As Davis Takes Oath As Governor". The Burlington Free Press. January 10, 1969. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  237. 1 2 Sobel 1978, pp. 1617–1618.
  238. ↑ "Thomas P. Salmon". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  239. ↑ "Vermont's Leadership Changes". The Burlington Free Press. January 5, 1973. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  240. ↑ Sobel 1978, pp. 1618–1619.
  241. 1 2 3 4 "Richard A. Snelling". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  242. ↑ Conte, Christopher (January 7, 1977). "It Was a Day of Shock and Ceremony for the Legislature". Rutland Daily Herald. p. 7. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  243. 1 2 "Madeleine M. Kunin". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  244. ↑ Hoffman, Jack (January 11, 1985). "Gov. Madeleine Kunin Begins Her Historic Term". Rutland Daily Herald. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  245. ↑ Allen, Susan (January 11, 1991). "Snelling Optimistic Amid Grim Budget Warnings". The Burlington Free Press. Associated Press. p. 1A. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  246. 1 2 "Howard Dean". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  247. ↑ Liley, Betsy (August 14, 1991). "Democrat Dean Takes Top Post". The Burlington Free Press. p. 1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  248. 1 2 "Jim Douglas". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  249. ↑ Remsen, Nancy (January 10, 2003). "Douglas Takes Reins of Vt. Government". The Burlington Free Press. p. 1A. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  250. 1 2 "Peter Shumlin". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  251. ↑ Hallenbeck, Terri (January 7, 2011). "State's 81st Governor Inaugurated; Democrat Lays Out Bold Agenda". The Burlington Free Press. p. 1A. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  252. 1 2 "Phil Scott". National Governors Association. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
  253. ↑ Goswami, Neal P. (January 6, 2017). "New Governor Vows to Make Vt. Affordable". Rutland Daily Herald. p. A1. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  254. ↑ Cusanelli, Michael (January 9, 2025). "In inaugural address, Scott touches on familiar themes of affordability, housing". WPTZ. Retrieved January 23, 2025.