Nazran

Nazran
Назрань
City
Other transcription(s)
 • IngushНаьсаре
Skyline of the town from the side of the Nazran pond
Memorial of memory and glory
Nazran Train Station
A view of the Matt-loam from the side of Nazran
The Zavodskoy raion of Nazran
Gamurzievo
Flag of Nazran
Flag
Coat of arms of Nazran
Coat of arms
Interactive map of Nazran
Nazran is located in Russia
Nazran
Nazran
Location of Nazran
Nazran is located in Republic of Ingushetia
Nazran
Nazran
Nazran (Republic of Ingushetia)
Coordinates: 43°13′N 44°46′E / 43.217°N 44.767°E / 43.217; 44.767
CountryRussia
Federal subjectIngushetia
Founded1781
City status since1967
Government
 • HeadUruskhan Evloev [ru]
Area
 • Total
80 km2 (31 sq mi)
Elevation
200 m (660 ft)
Population
 (2010 Census)
 • Total
93,335
 • Estimate 
(2024)
126,292 (+35.3%)
 • Rank183rd in 2010
 • Density1,200/km2 (3,000/sq mi)
 • Subordinated tocity of republic significance of Nazran
 • Capital ofNazranovsky District, city of republic significance of Nazran
 • Urban okrugNazran Urban Okrug
 • Capital ofNazran Urban Okrug, Nazranovsky Municipal District
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata)
Postal codes
386100–386106, 386700, 386899
Dialing code+7 87322
OKTMO ID26706000001
Websitewww.nazrangrad.ru

Nazran (Russian: Назра́нь; Ingush: Наьсаре, romanized: Näsare) is the largest city in Ingushetia, Russia. It served as the republic's capital from 1991 to 2000, until it was replaced by Magas, which was built for this purpose. It is the most populous city in the republic, with a population of 122,350 in the 2021 census.

Etymology

The name of the town, possibly, derives from the name of the legendary first settler Nyasar (Ingush: Наьсар, also referred as Närt-Näsar Ingush: Наьрт-Наьсар, lit. 'Hero Näsar').

The town is associated by Leonid Lavrov [ru] with the Arabic word "al nasaraa" (النصارى), meaning "Christian", because supposedly Christianity held on for longer in Nazran than in other neighboring places in Ingushetia. Lavrov said that Muslims were already present here in 1405–1406. Vladimir Markovin also stated that the name of Nazran has an Arabic origin while quoting Lavrov.

History

18th–20th centuries

“Nasranova” (Nazran) on a detail of Giovanni Antonio Rizzi Zannoni’s Carte de la partie septentrionale de l'empire otoman, published in 1774.

The aul of Nazran was founded in the late 18th century. According to accounts recorded by researchers in the 19th and 20th centuries, the establishment of Nazran is traditionally attributed to Kartskhal Malsagov, an Ingush elder (starshina) and political leader of the Targimkhoy clan. Drawing on Ingush oral tradition, these accounts relate that, in the mid-18th century, Kartskhal led ten families of his clan, together with members of other families, from Angusht to the banks of the Nazranka [ru] and Sunzha rivers, where they established a settlement on the site of present-day Nazran.

Monument to Kartskhal Malsagov, the founder of Nazran

The official date of the founding of Nazran is considered 1781. This is based on the report of L. Shteder, who during his expedition to Caucasus in 1781, noticed Ingush outposts on the river of Nazranka.

A Russian military fortress was founded in Nazran in 1817. In 1858, Nazran became the center of a major uprising by the Ingush people against the Russian Empire during the Caucasian War. The revolt was sparked by Russian policies aimed at forcibly consolidating small Ingush settlements into larger villages, along with restrictions on local customs and the confiscation of Ingush lands. In May, thousands of Ingush rebels attempted to capture the Nazran Fortress but were repelled by Imperial troops. By August 1858, the uprising had been suppressed, and many of its leaders were executed or exiled.

Nazran was granted town status in 1967.

During the Russian Empire, the settlement was the administrative capital of the Nazranovsky Okrug of the Terek Oblast. During the Soviet period, Nazran was the administrative center of Nazranovsky District within the Chechen–Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. After the Republic of Ingushetia and the Chechen Republic were separated in 1991, the town became the republic's capital. This brought about a sharp increase in population: while counting 18,246 inhabitants according to the 1989 Census, during the 2002 Census Nazran had as many as 125,056 inhabitants.

21st century

2004 rebel raid on Nazran

In 2004, a group of Chechen and Ingush militants carried out a large-scale raid on Ingushetia, led by Shamil Basayev. The overnight attacks targeted fifteen official buildings in Nazran, and at least three towns and villages located on the Baku-Rostov highway that crosses the republic from east to west.

The raid lasted nearly five hours, and the assailants – said to number 200 to 300 – withdrew almost unscathed; the raiders apparently lost only two men during the attacks. The rebels killed 67 members of security forces, including the republic's Interior Minister Abukar Kostoyev, his deputy Zyaudin Kotiev, top prosecutors, and other officials; they also captured and looted the MVD's armory and police depots. 25 civilians, including a local United Nations worker, were killed in the crossfire.

Federal Interior Minister Rashid Nurgaliyev met with General Vyacheslav Tikhomirov, the commander of Russia's Interior Ministry forces, and blamed them for the high number of deaths. Tikhomirov decided to resign after the meeting.

2008 protests

Widespread protests erupted in January 2008, with a strong government response. The disturbances appear to have been fueled by heavy-handed government and para-military activity, including abductions, arrests and murders. Protesters demanded the resignation of President Zyazikov.

2009 bombing

In August 2009, a suicide bomber drove a truck filled with explosives into the Nazran police headquarters. Russian news agencies reported that 25 were killed in the attack, and roughly 140 were wounded. It is believed that more bodies may still be in the rubble, yet to be found. The police headquarters was completely destroyed in the attack, including up to 30 police vehicles and munition stores.

Geography

Location

View of Nazran

Nazran is located in the western area of Ingushetia, at the borders with Prigorodny Raion of North Ossetia-Alania. It also borders the raion of Nazranovsky; and the nearest settlements are Ekazhevo, the new town of Magas, and Barsuki. It is 27 km from the North Ossetian-Alanian capital city, Vladikavkaz, 19 from Karabulak and 54 from Malgobek.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Nazran serves as the administrative center of Nazranovsky District, even though it is not a part of it.[citation needed] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of republic significance of Nazran—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[citation needed] As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Nazran is incorporated as Nazran Urban Okrug.

Climate

Nazran has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb).

Climate data for Nazran
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.0
(35.6)		 3.6
(38.5)		 8.3
(46.9)		 13.8
(56.8)		 18.7
(65.7)		 22.8
(73.0)		 25.7
(78.3)		 26.0
(78.8)		 20.7
(69.3)		 14.6
(58.3)		 8.3
(46.9)		 3.7
(38.7)		 14.0
(57.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.3
(27.9)		 −0.9
(30.4)		 3.4
(38.1)		 9.0
(48.2)		 14.3
(57.7)		 18.5
(65.3)		 21.2
(70.2)		 21.3
(70.3)		 16.4
(61.5)		 10.3
(50.5)		 3.9
(39.0)		 −0.7
(30.7)		 9.5
(49.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −6.1
(21.0)		 −5.0
(23.0)		 −1.4
(29.5)		 3.8
(38.8)		 8.3
(46.9)		 13.5
(56.3)		 16.3
(61.3)		 16.5
(61.7)		 12.1
(53.8)		 6.3
(43.3)		 0.2
(32.4)		 −4.3
(24.3)		 5.0
(41.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 35
(1.4)		 37
(1.5)		 62
(2.4)		 75
(3.0)		 102
(4.0)		 110
(4.3)		 77
(3.0)		 70
(2.8)		 67
(2.6)		 57
(2.2)		 42
(1.7)		 34
(1.3)		 768
(30.2)
Source:

Transportation

Nazran is located on the M29 federal highway and has a railway station on the Rostov-on-Don–Baku line. Magas Airport serves the city and the near town of Magas.

Sport

FC Angusht Nazran is the city's association football club. Its home ground is the Rashid Aushev Central Stadium.

Twin cities

Notes

  1. ↑ The official founding date of Nazran considered 1781 which is based on the fact that Russian officer L. L. Shteder mentioned the Ingush post on a high cape between the Sunzha and Nazranka rivers in that year. The decision on this historical determination of the date of the founding of the city was made at the conference held by the Nazran city administration on July 15, 2000. However the aul Nazran has been mentioned earlier as Nasranova in the year 1774 on the map "Carte de la partie septentrionale de l'empire otoman" made by Giovanni Antonio Rizzi Zannoni [it]. Overall, in the documents of 1780s, there has been mentioned various times about an Ingush village on the Nazranka river as well as the mention of the Nazran by its name.
  2. ↑ Alimbek Kurkiev who held this point of view, did not rule out the possibility of certain connection of 'Nazran' with the mineral water Narzan [ru], found in present-day Stavropol Krai, or with the Kabardian name of Kislovodsk, Nartsanē/Nartsana (Kabardian: Нарцанэ/Нартсана).
  3. ↑ In Russian transliteration of Leonid Lavrov [ru] насрāнӣй.
  4. ↑ Markovin used this as one of the arguments that the spread Christianity by Georgians had strong influence on Chechens and Ingush, in particularly their culture and language.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  2. ↑ Администрация города Назрань 2024.
  3. ↑ Гаджиев 2019, pp. 188–189.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "General Information" (in Russian). Irkutsk Oblast. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Law #5-RZ
  6. ↑ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  7. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  8. ↑ Kurkiev 1978, p. 21.
  9. 1 2 Kurkiev 1979, p. 217.
  10. ↑ Lavrov 1966, p. 200.
  11. 1 2 Markovin 1987, p. 39.
  12. ↑ БСЭ 1939.
  13. ↑ Malsagov 2005, pp. 100–101.
  14. ↑ Conquest 1970, p. 28.
  15. ↑ Pallas (Shteder) 1797, p. 26.
  16. ↑ Dolgieva, M. B.; Kartoev, M. M.; Kodzoev, N. D.; Matiev, T. Kh. (2013). История Ингушетии [History of Ingushetia] (in Russian). Yuzhnyy izdatelsky dom. pp. 264–266.
  17. ↑ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  18. ↑ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  19. ↑ Редакция газеты Ежедневная Деловая Газета Рбк, ed. (December 17, 2019). Ежедневная деловая газета РБК 227-2014. Litres. p. 3. ISBN 9785457744660 – via Google Books.
  20. ↑ "Clashes erupt at Ingushetia rally" (BBC News, January 26, 2008)
  21. ↑ "Bombing kills 20 in Russian republic of Ingushetia" (Los Angeles Times, August 18, 2009)
  22. ↑ "Climate: Nazran". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
  23. ↑ "Nazran". aksakal.info. Archived from the original on March 16, 2009. Retrieved March 25, 2023.

Bibliography

English sources

  • Conquest, Robert (1970). The Nation Killers: The Soviet Deportation of Nationalities. London: Macmillan. p. 222.

German sources

Russian sources

Documents