Ortaias

Ortaias
The Masties inscription calls him Vartaia and claims that he along with his "brothers" erected this monument in Masties' honor. Although some people think this part is a later addition put there to mock him.
King of Hodna
Reignknown to have been active around 535/537-c. 539?
PredecessorCreation of the kingdom
SuccessorNone, likely annexed by the Praetorian prefect of Africa
Diedc. 539 or after
GreekΟρταιας
ReligionChristianity

Orthaias sometimes called Ortaïas or Vartaia (Ancient Greek: Ορταιας) was a 6th-century Berber leader who ruled as king of Hodna. He is currently the only known ruler from this kingdom.

It is likely that his kingdom was conquered or absorbed by the Byzantine Empire around 539 after the Praetorian prefect of Africa, Solomon returned land that included the kingdom's territory "into Roman power".

Biography

Role

He played a significant role in the Byzantine Empire's wars against rebellious Berber tribes. In 535, he allied himself with the Byzantine general Solomon against Iaudas, who was accused of conspiring with Mastigas to expel him and his people from their ancestral lands. He received a large sum of money from Solomon and, along with Masônas, was tasked with leading the Byzantine army. However, the campaign ultimately failed; the Byzantine army ran out of supplies and, distrustful of its allies' loyalty, chose to retreat to the plains.

In 537, he joined the rebellion of the officer Stotzas (as he wasn't king yet) alongside Iaudas and other berber chiefs but he stayed behind during the Battle de Scalas Veteres and it was lost by Stotzas.

Inscription

An inscription at Arris in the Aurès Mountains, in which the Berber chieftain Masties is praised, appears to mention Ortaias, who is credited with its design. The authors of Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire interpret the presence of his name as an addition by the Byzantines to mock him.

The majority of the text of the inscription is presented as self-eulogy, narrated by Masties himself. In the penultimate line, however, while the text remains in the first-person, the speaker changes, allowing the donor of the inscription, Ortaias (who's referred as Vartaia on the inscription), to note his own involvement.

D.S.M. [sacred to the spirits of the departed] I, Masties, dux for sixtyseven years, imperator for ten years, ☩ [cross], I never betrayed, nor broke the faith, neither with the Romans, nor with the Moors and I obeyed in war as in peace, and for that, by reason for my conduct, God gave his kindness to me. I, Vartaia, erected with my brothers this monument, for which I paid one hundred solidi.

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Laporte 2013, pp. 5856–5858.
  2. ↑ Martindale 1992, p. 957.
  3. ↑ Martindale 1992, p. 958.

Sources

  • Laporte, Jean-Pierre (2013). "Ortaïas, chef Maure du Hodna au VIe siècle". Encyclopédie berbère (in French). International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences. Retrieved July 31, 2025.
  • Martindale, John R., ed. (1992). The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire: Volume III, AD 527–641. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-20160-8.