PR Persei

PR Persei
	Location of PR Persei (circled) near the Double Cluster (north is down)
Observation data; Epoch J2000.0 Equinox ICRS
Constellation	Perseus
Right ascension	02h 21m 42.41s
Declination	+57° 51′ 46.1″
Apparent magnitude (V)	7.7 – 8.2
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage	Red supergiant
Spectral type	M1 Iab-Ib
Variable type	LC
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)	−45.9 km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: −0.857 mas/yr ; Dec.: −1.059 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	0.3621±0.0239 mas
Distance	9,000 ± 600 ly ; (2,800 ± 200 pc)
Details
Mass	9.2 M☉
Radius	401 R☉
Luminosity	27,542 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)	0.89 cgs
Temperature	3,715 K
Metallicity [Fe/H]	−0.22 dex
Other designations
	PR Persei, BD+57°550, HD 14404, HIP 10995, SAO 23234, TIC 348442493, TYC 3694-152-1, IRAS 02181+5738, 2MASS J02214241+5751460, Gaia DR3 458512570887734528
Database references
SIMBAD	data

PR Persei (also known as HD 14404, HIP 10995, or BD+57 550) is a red supergiant star located in the constellation of Perseus in the northern celestial hemisphere. Classified as a variable star of spectral type M1-Iab-Ib, it exhibits mild brightness variations due to pulsations in its outer layers. It resides in the Milky Way galaxy, approximately 9,000 light-years from the Solar System. It can be seen near the Double Cluster of Perseus through a telescope or binoculars.

Characteristics

PR Persei is a cool, luminous red supergiant with a spectral type of M1 Iab-Ib, indicating an intermediate luminosity class between Iab and Ib supergiants. The star is about 9.2 times as massive and 401 times as large as the sun. At a temperature of 3715 K, it radiates 27,542 times the solar luminosity.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
1 2 3 "PR Persei". International Variable Star Index. AAVSO. Retrieved 2025-10-26.
1 2 Anders, F.; Khalatyan, A.; Queiroz, A. B. A.; Chiappini, C.; Ardèvol, J.; Casamiquela, L.; Figueras, F.; Jiménez-Arranz, Ó.; Jordi, C.; Monguió, M.; Romero-Gómez, M.; Altamirano, D.; Antoja, T.; Assaad, R.; Cantat-Gaudin, T.; Castro-Ginard, A.; Enke, H.; Girardi, L.; Guiglion, G.; Khan, S.; Luri, X.; Miglio, A.; Minchev, I.; Ramos, P.; Santiago, B. X.; Steinmetz, M. (2022). "Photo-astrometric distances, extinctions, and astrophysical parameters for Gaia EDR3 stars brighter than G = 18.5". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 658: A91. arXiv:2111.01860. Bibcode:2022A&A...658A..91A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142369.
1 2 Fetherolf, Tara; Pepper, Joshua; Simpson, Emilie; Kane, Stephen R.; Močnik, Teo; English, John Edward; Antoci, Victoria; Huber, Daniel; Jenkins, Jon M.; Stassun, Keivan; Twicken, Joseph D.; Vanderspek, Roland; Winn, Joshua N. (2023). "Variability Catalog of Stars Observed during the TESS Prime Mission". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 268 (1): 4. arXiv:2208.11721. Bibcode:2023ApJS..268....4F. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/acdee5.
1 2 3 Dorn-Wallenstein, Trevor Z.; Levesque, Emily M.; Neugent, Kathryn F.; Davenport, James R. A.; Morris, Brett M.; Gootkin, Keyan (2020). "Short-term Variability of Evolved Massive Stars with TESS. II. A New Class of Cool, Pulsating Supergiants". The Astrophysical Journal. 902 (1): 24. arXiv:2008.11723. Bibcode:2020ApJ...902...24D. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abb318.
1 2 Huson, Dylan; Cowan, Indiana; Sizemore, Logan; Kounkel, Marina; Hutchinson, Brian (2025). "Gaia Net: Toward Robust Spectroscopic Parameters of Stars of all Evolutionary Stages". The Astrophysical Journal. 984 (1): 58. arXiv:2503.02958. Bibcode:2025ApJ...984...58H. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adc2fa.
↑ "PR Persei". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2025-10-15.
↑ EAS (1997). "The HIPPARCOS and TYCHO catalogues". Astrometric and Photometric Star Catalogues Derived from the ESA Hipparcos Space Astrometry Mission. ESA SP Series. 1200. Noordwijk, Netherlands: ESA Publications Division. Bibcode:1997ESASP1200.....E. ISBN 9290923997. Retrieved 26 October 2025.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
↑ Dorn-Wallenstein, Trevor Z.; Levesque, Emily M.; Neugent, Kathryn F.; Davenport, James R. A.; Morris, Brett M.; Gootkin, Keyan (2020-10-01). "Short-term Variability of Evolved Massive Stars with TESS. II. A New Class of Cool, Pulsating Supergiants". The Astrophysical Journal. 902 (1): 24. arXiv:2008.11723. Bibcode:2020ApJ...902...24D. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abb318. ISSN 0004-637X.

[dr3-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.

[vsx-2] 1 2 3 "PR Persei". International Variable Star Index. AAVSO. Retrieved 2025-10-26.

[starhorse2-3] 1 2 Anders, F.; Khalatyan, A.; Queiroz, A. B. A.; Chiappini, C.; Ardèvol, J.; Casamiquela, L.; Figueras, F.; Jiménez-Arranz, Ó.; Jordi, C.; Monguió, M.; Romero-Gómez, M.; Altamirano, D.; Antoja, T.; Assaad, R.; Cantat-Gaudin, T.; Castro-Ginard, A.; Enke, H.; Girardi, L.; Guiglion, G.; Khan, S.; Luri, X.; Miglio, A.; Minchev, I.; Ramos, P.; Santiago, B. X.; Steinmetz, M. (2022). "Photo-astrometric distances, extinctions, and astrophysical parameters for Gaia EDR3 stars brighter than G = 18.5". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 658: A91. arXiv:2111.01860. Bibcode:2022A&A...658A..91A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142369.

[fetherolf2023-4] 1 2 Fetherolf, Tara; Pepper, Joshua; Simpson, Emilie; Kane, Stephen R.; Močnik, Teo; English, John Edward; Antoci, Victoria; Huber, Daniel; Jenkins, Jon M.; Stassun, Keivan; Twicken, Joseph D.; Vanderspek, Roland; Winn, Joshua N. (2023). "Variability Catalog of Stars Observed during the TESS Prime Mission". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 268 (1): 4. arXiv:2208.11721. Bibcode:2023ApJS..268....4F. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/acdee5.

[dw2020-5] 1 2 3 Dorn-Wallenstein, Trevor Z.; Levesque, Emily M.; Neugent, Kathryn F.; Davenport, James R. A.; Morris, Brett M.; Gootkin, Keyan (2020). "Short-term Variability of Evolved Massive Stars with TESS. II. A New Class of Cool, Pulsating Supergiants". The Astrophysical Journal. 902 (1): 24. arXiv:2008.11723. Bibcode:2020ApJ...902...24D. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abb318.

[huson2025-6] 1 2 Huson, Dylan; Cowan, Indiana; Sizemore, Logan; Kounkel, Marina; Hutchinson, Brian (2025). "Gaia Net: Toward Robust Spectroscopic Parameters of Stars of all Evolutionary Stages". The Astrophysical Journal. 984 (1): 58. arXiv:2503.02958. Bibcode:2025ApJ...984...58H. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adc2fa.

[7] "PR Persei". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2025-10-15.

[CDS-8] EAS (1997). "The HIPPARCOS and TYCHO catalogues". Astrometric and Photometric Star Catalogues Derived from the ESA Hipparcos Space Astrometry Mission. ESA SP Series. 1200. Noordwijk, Netherlands: ESA Publications Division. Bibcode:1997ESASP1200.....E. ISBN 9290923997. Retrieved 26 October 2025.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)

[9] Dorn-Wallenstein, Trevor Z.; Levesque, Emily M.; Neugent, Kathryn F.; Davenport, James R. A.; Morris, Brett M.; Gootkin, Keyan (2020-10-01). "Short-term Variability of Evolved Massive Stars with TESS. II. A New Class of Cool, Pulsating Supergiants". The Astrophysical Journal. 902 (1): 24. arXiv:2008.11723. Bibcode:2020ApJ...902...24D. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abb318. ISSN 0004-637X.