Kapoxó language

Kapoxó
Capoxo
Native toBrazil
EthnicityKapoxó
Eraattested 1818
Language codes
ISO 639-3None (mis)
Glottologcapo1236
Linguasphere89-HAA-aa
 89-HAA-ac

Kapoxó (Capoxo, Kaposho) is an extinct Maxakalian language of Brazil. Kumanaxó and Panhame are closely related varieties.

Documentation

Kapoxó is documented in a word list collected in 1818, which was published in Martius, 1863: 170-172.

Geographical distribution

Kapoxó was historically spoken on the Araçuaí River in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Classification

Aside from being a member of the Nuclear Maxakalí subgroup, characterized by certain shared innovations, it is very similar to such varieties as Makoní, Kapoxó, Panhame, and is also related to Ritual Maxakalí, which is more archaic than modern Maxakalí.

Vocabulary

Selected vocabulary from Kapoxó, Kumanaxó, and Panhame
Gloss Kumanaxó
to hide schatome
soul njajmi
water cona-an-cunaan
beard njidaú
mixed njonain
star aschim
head patanjon
teeth schuoj
hand agnibktän
lightning ithóg tänjanam
fire kescham
sun apucoj
earth aam
tree abaay

References

  1. ↑ Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo. Doctoral dissertation, University of Brasília.
  2. ↑ Ramirez, H., Vegini, V., & França, M. C. V. de. (2015). Koropó, puri, kamakã e outras línguas do Leste Brasileiro. LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas, 15(2), 223 - 277. doi:10.20396/liames.v15i2.8642302
  3. ↑ Martius, Karl Friedrich Philip von. 1863. Glossaria linguarum Brasiliensium: glossarios de diversas lingoas e dialectos, que fallao os Indios no imperio do Brazil. Erlangen: Druck von Jange.
  4. ↑ Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
  5. ↑ Campbell, Lyle (2024-06-25), "Indigenous Languages of South America", The Indigenous Languages of the Americas (1 ed.), Oxford University PressNew York, pp. 182–279, doi:10.1093/oso/9780197673461.003.0004, ISBN 978-0-19-767346-1, retrieved 2025-04-14
  6. ↑ Nikulin, Andrey (2020). Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo (PDF) (Thesis). Brasília: Universidade de Brasília. Retrieved April 13, 2025.
  7. ↑ Martius, Karl Friedrich Philip von. Beiträge zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Amerikas zumal Brasiliens (PDF). Vol. 2. pp. 170–172. Retrieved 2025-03-03.

Further reading