Parsonsia

Parsonsia
Parsonsia heterophylla
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Subfamily: Apocynoideae
Tribe: Echiteae
Genus: Parsonsia
R.Br.
Species

See text

Occurrence data for Parsonsia (GBIF)
Synonyms
  • Chaetosus Benth.
  • Delphyodon K.Schum.
  • Gastranthus F.Muell.
  • Grisseea Bakh.f.
  • Helicandra Hook. & Arn.
  • Heligme Blume
  • Helyga Blume
  • Helygia Blume
  • Heylygia G.Don
  • Lyonsia R.Br.
  • Spirostemon Griff.

Parsonsia is a genus of woody vines in the family Apocynaceae. Species occur throughout Indomalaya, Australasia and Melanesia.

Description

The leaves are opposite, the shape and size of juvenile leaves often bearing little resemblance to the adult leaves. The latex may be clear and colourless, pale yellow or milky white. The flowers are green, white, cream, yellow, orange, red, pink or brown, sometimes with contrasting markings. These are followed by elongated pod-like capsules, the two follicles eventually separating to reveal numerous seeds with long, silky hairs.

Taxonomy

The genus was named and described in 1810 by botanist Robert Brown in his paper On the Asclepiadeae published in Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society . He named the genus in honour of James Parsons (1705–1770), an English physician and Fellow of the Royal Society.

The generic name Parsonsia R.Br. (1810) is conserved against the earlier homonym Parsonsia P.Browne which was given to a genus in the family Lythraceae. The latter genus is now included in Cuphea.

Parsonsia is closely related to Artia and Prestonia.

Species

Parsonsia brownii
Parsonsia brownii

Accepted species

  1. Parsonsia affinis Baill. – New Caledonia
  2. Parsonsia alboflavescens (Dennst.) Mabb. – China, Taiwan, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Australia.
  3. Parsonsia apiculata D.J.Middleton
  4. Parsonsia aneityensis Guillaumin – Vanuatu
  5. Parsonsia apiculata (Bakh.f.) D.J.Middleton – Java, Bali
  6. Parsonsia appressa D.J.Middleton – Papua New Guinea
  7. Parsonsia bartlensis J.B.Williams – Queensland
  8. Parsonsia blakeana J.B.Williams – Queensland
  9. Parsonsia brachiata Baillon ex Guillaumin – New Caledonia
  10. Parsonsia brisbanensis J.B.Williams – Queensland
  11. Parsonsia brownii (Britten) Pichon – SE Australia
  12. Parsonsia buruensis (Teijsm. & Binn.) Boerl. – Maluku, Papua New Guinea
  13. Parsonsia capsularis (Forster f.) R. Br. – New Zealand
  14. Parsonsia catalpicarpa – New Caledonia
  15. Parsonsia celebica (Oliv.) Sleesen – W Malaysia, Borneo, Sulawesi
  16. Parsonsia constricta D.J.Middleton – W New Guinea
  17. Parsonsia crebriflora Baill. – New Caledonia
  18. Parsonsia curvisepala K. Schum. – Perak, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Philippines
  19. Parsonsia densiflora D.J.Middleton – Papua New Guinea
  20. Parsonsia densivestita C.T.White – Queensland
  21. Parsonsia diaphanophleba F.Muell. – Western Australia
  22. Parsonsia dorrigoensis J.B.Williams – New South Wales
  23. Parsonsia edulis (G. Benn.) Guillaumin – New Caledonia
  24. Parsonsia effusa S. Moore – New Caledonia
  25. Parsonsia eucalyptophylla F.Muell. – E Australia
  26. Parsonsia ferruginea J.B.Williams – Queensland
  27. Parsonsia flavescens Merr. & L.M. Perry – New Guinea
  28. Parsonsia flexilis Baill. – New Caledonia
  29. Parsonsia flexuosa Baill. – New Caledonia
  30. Parsonsia franchetii Baill. ex Guillaumin – New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands
  31. Parsonsia fulva S.T.Blake – Queensland, NSW
  32. Parsonsia goniostemon Hand.-Mazz. – Guangxi
  33. Parsonsia grandiflora D.J.Middleton – Bacan I in Maluku
  34. Parsonsia grayana J.B.Williams – Queensland
  35. Parsonsia hebetica Markgr. – Papua New Guinea
  36. Parsonsia × heterocapsa Allan – New Zealand
  37. Parsonsia heterophylla A. Cunn. – New Zealand
  38. Parsonsia howeana J.B.Williams – Lord Howe Island
  39. Parsonsia inae Guillaumin – Vanuatu
  40. Parsonsia induplicata F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW
  41. Parsonsia kimberleyensis J.B.Williams – Western Australia
  42. Parsonsia kroombitensis J.B.Williams – Queensland
  43. Parsonsia laevis – Fiji, Vanuatu
  44. Parsonsia lanceolata R.Br. – Queensland, NSW
  45. Parsonsia langiana F.Muell. – Queensland
  46. Parsonsia larcomensis J.B.Williams – Queensland
  47. Parsonsia largiflorens (F.Muell. ex Benth.) S.T.Blake – Queensland, NSW
  48. Parsonsia lata Markgr.- Maluku, New Guinea, Solomon Is
  49. Parsonsia latifolia (Benth.) S.T.Blake – Queensland
  50. Parsonsia laxiflora Guillaumin – New Caledonia
  51. Parsonsia leichhardtii F.Muell. – Queensland
  52. Parsonsia lenticellata C.T.White – Queensland
  53. Parsonsia lilacina F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW
  54. Parsonsia longiflora Guillaumin – New Caledonia
  55. Parsonsia longiloba D.J.Middleton – New Ireland
  56. Parsonsia longipetiolata J.B.Williams – Queensland, NSW
  57. Parsonsia macrophylla Pichon ex Guillaumin. – New Caledonia
  58. Parsonsia marginata Markgr. – New Guinea
  59. Parsonsia novoguinensis D.J.Middleton – New Guinea
  60. Parsonsia oligantha (K.Schum.) D.J.Middleton – New Guinea
  61. Parsonsia pachycarpa Guillaumin – New Caledonia
  62. Parsonsia paulforsteri J.B.Williams – Queensland
  63. Parsonsia pedunculata Markgr. – Bismarck Archipelago
  64. Parsonsia penangiana King & Gamble – Penang, Thailand
  65. Parsonsia philippinensis Merr. – Philippines, Java, Borneo, W Malaysia, Thailand
  66. Parsonsia plaesiophylla S.T.Blake – Queensland
  67. Parsonsia populifolia Baill. – New Caledonia
  68. Parsonsia praeruptis Heads & P.J.de Lange – North I of New Zealand
  69. Parsonsia purpurascens J.B.Williams – New South Wales
  70. Parsonsia rotata Maiden & Betche – Queensland, NSW
  71. Parsonsia rubra Kaneh. & Hatus. J. – Maluku, New Guinea
  72. Parsonsia sanguinea Markgr. – New Guinea
  73. Parsonsia sankowskyana J.B.Williams – Queensland
  74. Parsonsia scabra (Labill.) Markgr. – New Caledonia
  75. Parsonsia schoddei D.J.Middleton – Papua New Guinea
  76. Parsonsia smithii Markgr. – Vanua Levu in Fiji
  77. Parsonsia straminea (R.Br.) F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW
  78. Parsonsia sundensis D.J.Middleton – East Timor
  79. Parsonsia tenuiflora D.J.Middleton – W New Guinea
  80. Parsonsia tenuis S.T.Blake – Queensland, NSW
  81. Parsonsia terminaliifolia Guillaumin – New Caledonia
  82. Parsonsia vaccinoides Markgr. – W New Guinea
  83. Parsonsia velutina R.Br. – Timor, Maluku, Australia, New Guinea
  84. Parsonsia ventricosa F.Muell. – Queensland, NSW
  85. Parsonsia warenensis Kanehira & Hatusima – Papua New Guinea
  86. Parsonsia wildensis J.B.Williams – Queensland
  87. Parsonsia wongabelensis J.B.Williams- Queensland
formerly included
  1. Parsonsia balansae Baill. = Artia balansae (Baill.) Pichon ex Guillaumin
  2. Parsonsia barbata Blume = Parameria laevigata (Juss.) Moldenke
  3. Parsonsia brachycarpa Baill. = Artia brachycarpa (Baill.) Boiteau
  4. Parsonsia bracteata Hook. & Arn. = Mandevilla pentlandiana (DC.) Woodson
  5. Parsonsia corymbosa (Jacq.) R.Br. ex Steud. = Pinochia corymbosa (Jacq.) M.E.Endress & B.F.Hansen
  6. Parsonsia diversifolia (Warb.) Markgr. = Lyonsia diversifolia Warb.
  7. Parsonsia floribunda (Sw.) R.Br. ex Steud. = Pinochia floribunda (Sw.) M.E.Endress & B.F.Hansen
  8. Parsonsia francii Guillaumin = Artia francii (Guillaumin) Pichon
  9. Parsonsia galeottiana Baill. = Thenardia galeottiana Baill.
  10. Parsonsia javanica Blume 1826 not (Blume) K. Schum 1895 = Urceola javanica (Blume) Boerl.
  11. Parsonsia leptocarpa Hook. & Arn. = Forsteronia leptocarpa (Hook. & Arn.) A.DC.
  12. Parsonsia lifuana Baill. = Artia lifuana (Baill.) Pichon ex Guillaumin
  13. Parsonsia myrtifolia (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. = Landolphia myrtifolia (Poir.) Markgr.
  14. Parsonsia ovata Wall. ex G.Don = Pottsia laxiflora (Blume) Kuntze
  15. Parsonsia spicata (Jacq.) R.Br. ex Steud. = Forsteronia spicata (Jacq.) G.Mey.

Cultivation

A species from New Zealand, Parsonsia variablis (Variable-leaved Parsonsia), was introduced into cultivation in England in 1847 as a greenhouse plant and was noted to have a sweet scent, however the flowers were regarded as "not very showy". This species is thought to be a form of Parsonsia heterophylla.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families". Retrieved May 18, 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 "Genus Parsonsia". PlantNET – New South Wales Flora Online. Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney Australia. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 "Parsonsia". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  4. ↑ Bennett, John J. (1850). The Miscellaneous Botanical Works of Robert Brown: Vol.II. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
  5. ↑ "Genus: Parsonsia P. Browne". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
  6. ↑ Livshultz, T., D. J. Middleton, M. E. Endress, and J. K. Williams.(2007) Phylogeny of Apocynoideae and the APSA Clade (Apocynaceae S.l.). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 94, no. 2: 324–59.
  7. ↑ Morales, J.F.; Endress, M.E.; Liede-Schumann, S. (2017) Sex, drugs and pupusas: Disentangling relationships in Echiteae (Apocynaceae). Taxon 66 (3): 623–644. https://doi.org/10.12705/663.7
  8. 1 2 "Parsonsia". Flora of China. efloras.org. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Conn, Barry J. "Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea". Plants of Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guinea National Herbarium and the National Herbarium of New South Wales #. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "Genre Parsonsia R.Br". Endémía – Faune & Flore de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  11. 1 2 3 "Flora of New Zealand: PARSONSIA R. Br., 1809". Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  12. ↑ "Parsonsia curvisepala". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  13. 1 2 3 4 "Indonesian Biodiversity Information System (IBIS) online". Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  14. ↑ "Parsonsia grandiflora D.J. Middleton". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Gardens. Retrieved 2009-05-31.
  15. ↑ "Parsonsia laevis". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  16. ↑ "Parsonsia lata". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2009-05-19.
  17. ↑ "Parsonsia curvisepala". Index of Botanical Specimens. Harvard University Herbaria. Retrieved 2009-05-31.
  18. ↑ Moore, Thomas; William P. Ayres (1850). Gardeners' Magazine of Botany, Horticulture, Floriculture, and Natural Science. 1. William S. Orr and Co.: 120. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)