Penares

Penares
Penares cortius
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Porifera
Class: Demospongiae
Order: Tetractinellida
Family: Geodiidae
Subfamily: Erylinae
Genus: Penares
Gray, 1867
Type species
Penares helleri
(Schmidt, 1864)
Species

See text.

Synonyms
  • Jasplakina de Laubenfels, 1954
  • Pachamphilla Lendenfeld, 1907
  • Papyrula Schmidt, 1868

Penares is a widely distributed genus of demosponges, and was first described in 1867 by John Edward Gray.

Description

These sponges are irregularly massive and have a thin cortex. Species belonging to this genus have dichotriaenes (spicules with pairs of branched rays) and oxeas (needle-like spicules with both ends pointed). Smooth microrhabds (modified microxeas (small oxeas) or microstrongyles (small rods with both ends blunt or rounded)) form a crust in the ectosome. Euasters (star-shaped microscleres with multiple rays radiating from a central point) may also be present.

Species

The following species are recognised:

References

  1. 1 2 "Penares". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  2. 1 2 "Penares". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  3. ↑ Gray, John Edward (1867). "Notes on the Arrangement of Sponges, with the Descriptions of some New Genera". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1867: 492–558. ISSN 0370-2774. Wikidata Q128755556. BHL page 29533932
  4. ↑ Hooper, John N. A. (2002), "Family Acarnidae Dendy, 1922", in Hooper, John N. A.; Van Soest, Rob W. M.; Willenz, Philippe (eds.), Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 412–431, doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_51, ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5, retrieved 2021-09-30