Pepsinae
| Pepsinae | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Clade: | Pancrustacea |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Pompilidae |
| Subfamily: | Pepsinae |
| Tribes | |
The Pepsinae are a subfamily of the spider wasp family, Pompilidae, including the two genera of large tarantula hawks, as well as many genera of smaller species.
Biology
A female spider wasp generally captures and stings a spider to paralise it; this is for their larvae to feed on. However, the wasps of this subfamily display a range of nesting behaviours:
- using preexisting cavities;
- using the immobilised spider's burrow;
- digging a burrow in soil;
- building nests of mud;
- parasitoids; and
- kleptoparasites.
Taxonomy
Pepsinae can be defined by:
- sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove;
- mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits;
- the metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, the setae not splayed; and
- vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.
The subfamily Pepsinae comprises 84 genera. These include 16 genera of Ageniellini, 7 genera of Deuterageniini, 48 genera of Pepsini, 11 genera of Priocnemini, 1 genus of Psoropempulini, and 1 genus unplaced to tribe.
Tribe Ageniellini
- Ageniella Banks, 1912
- Atopagenia Wasbauer, 1987
- Auplopus Spinola, 1841
- Cyemagenia Arnold, 1946
- Dichragenia Haupt, 1950
- Dimorphagenia Evans, 1973
- Eragenia Banks, 1946
- Machaerothrix Haupt, 1938
- Macromerella Banks, 1934
- Macromeris Lepeletier, 1831
- Mystacagenia Evans, 1973
- Paragenia Bingham, 1896
- Phanagenia Banks, 1933
- Phanochilus Banks, 1944
- Poecilagenia Haupt, 1926
- Priocnemella Banks, 1925
Tribe Deuterageniini
- Deuteragenia Šustera, 1912
- Dipogon Fox, 1897
- Kuriloagenia Loktionov & Lelej, 2014
- Myrmecodipogon Ishikawa, 1965
- Nipponodipogon Ishikawa, 1965
- Stigmatodipogon Ishikawa, 1965
- Winnemanella Krombein, 1962
Tribe Pepsini
- Abernessia Arlé, 1947
- Adirostes Banks, 1946
- Aimatocare Roig-Alsina, 1989
- Allaporus Banks, 1933
- Alococurgus Haupt, 1937
- Anacyphonyx Banks, 1946
- Austrosalius Turner, 1917
- Calopompilus Ashmead, 1900
- Chirodamus Haliday, 1837
- Chrysagenia Haupt, 1941
- Cordyloscelis Arnold, 1935
- Cryptocheilus Panzer, 1806
- Cyphononyx Dahlbom, 1845
- Dentagenia Haupt, 1933
- Derochorses Banks, 1941
- Dinosalius Banks, 1934
- Diplonyx de Saussure, 1887
- Dolichocurgus Haupt, 1937
- Entypus Dahlbom, 1843
- Epipompilus Kohl, 1884
- Eremocurgus Haupt, 1937
- Formosacesa Koçak et Kemal, 2008
- Hemipepsis Dahlbom, 1844
- Herbstellus Wahis, 2002
- Heterodontonyx Haupt, 1935
- Hormopogonius Arnold,1934
- Hypoferreola Ashmead, 1902
- Iridomimus Evans, 1970
- Java Pate, 1946
- Lepidocnemis Haupt, 1930
- Leptodialepis Haupt, 1929
- Melanagenia Wahis, 2009
- Micragenia Haupt, 1926
- Microcurgus Haupt, 1937
- Minagenia Banks, 1934
- Mygnimia Shuckard, 1840
- Ochragenia Haupt, 1959
- Pachycurgus Haupt, 1937
- Paraclavelia Haupt, 1930
- Pepsis Fabricius, 1804
- Plagicurgus Roig-Alsina, 1982
- Pompilocalus Roig-Alsina, 1989
- Poecilocurgus Haupt, 1937
- Schistompilus Tsuneki,1988
- Schistonyx Saussure, 1887
- Trachyglyptus Arnold, 1934
- Xenocurgus Haupt, 1937
Tribe Priocnemini
- Caliadurgus Pate, 1946
- Claveliocnemis Wolf, 1968
- Clistoderes Banks, 1934
- Ctenopriocnemis Ishikawa, 1962
- Eopompilus Gussakovskij, 1932
- Eopriocnemis Loktionov & Lelej, 2019
- Malloscelis Haupt, 1935
- Platydialepis Haupt, 1941
- Priocnemis Schiødte, 1837
- Priocnessus Banks, 1925
- Sphictostethus Kohl, 1884
Tribe Psoropempulini
- Psoropempula Evans, 1974
Incertae sedis
- Aberropompilus Shimizu & Wahis, 2016
References
- ↑ "Pepsinae - WaspWeb". Archived from the original on 2012-01-27. Retrieved 2012-03-25.
- 1 2 Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.
- ↑ Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143
- ↑ Loktionov, Valery M. (2023). "Geographical distribution of the spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) of the world". Russian Entomological Journal. 32 (4): 394–402. doi:10.15298/rusentj.32.4.05.
- ↑ Shimizu, Akira; Wasbauer, Marius; Takami, Yasuoki (2010). "Phylogeny and the evolution of nesting behaviour in the tribe Ageniellini (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 160 (1): 88–117. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00592.x.
- ↑ Wahis, Raymond; Durand, Frédéric; Villemant, Claire (2009). "Pompiles de l'île d'Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Pompilidae)". Zoosystema. 31 (3): 707–718. doi:10.5252/z2009n3a15.
- ↑ Lelej, Arkady S.; Loktionov, Valery M. (2012). "Phylogeny and classification of the tribe Deuterageniini (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae: Pepsinae)". Far East Entomologist (254): 1–15. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
- ↑ Xiaoling, J.I.; Chongyang, L.I.; Li, M.A.; Qiang, L.I. (2015). "Taxonomy of Pepsini (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) From Yunnan Province". Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University（Natural Science）. 30 (2): 203–209. doi:10.16211/j.issn.1004-390X(n).2015.02.007.
- ↑ Loktionov, Valery M.; Lelej, Arkady S. (2017). "An annotated catalogue of the spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) of Russia". Zootaxa. 4280 (1): 1–95. doi:10.11646/ZOOTAXA.4280.1.1.
- ↑ Fernández, Fernando; Rodriguez, Juanita; Waichert, Cecilia; Decker, Brenna; Pitts, James (2022). "Twenty two years later: An updated checklist of Neotropical spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)". Zootaxa. 5116 (4): 451–503. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5116.4.1.
- ↑ Loktionov, Valery M.; Lelej, Arkady S. (2018). "Discovery of the spider wasp genus Sphictostethus Kohl, 1884 (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pepsinae) in New Guinea, with description of two new species". Zootaxa. 4429 (2): 295–302. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4429.2.5.
- ↑ Loktionov, Valery M.; Lelej, Arkady S.; Liu, Jing-Xian (2019). "A new genus of spider wasps (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) from China". Far Eastern Entomologist (376): 1–14. doi:10.25221/fee.376.1.
- ↑ Evans, Howard E. (1974). "A review of Psoropempula, a new genus of Australian Pompilidae (Hymenoptera)". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 126 (3): 261–278. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1974.tb00854.x.
- 1 2 Shimizu, Akira; Wahis, Raymond; Harris, Anthony C.; Pitts, James P. (2016). "An extraordinary new genus and species of spider wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) from Southeast Asia". Journal of Natural History. 50 (25–26): 1549–1559. doi:10.1080/00222933.2016.1155781.
- ↑ Waichert, Cecilia; Rodriguez, Juanita; Wasbauer, Marius; von Dohlen, Carol & Pitts, James (2015). "Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): Redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 175 (2): 271–287. doi:10.1111/zoj.12272.
- ↑ Wahis, Raymond (2008). "Contribution à la connaissance des Pompilides d'Australie (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) 2. Sur quelques spécimens récoltés par G. Else (Natural History Museum, London) avec descriptions de deux espèces nouvelles des genres Auplopus et Ctenostegus". Faunistic Entomology – Entomologie faunistique. 61 (1–2): 23–31. Retrieved 2024-02-17.