Plumbane

Plumbane
Skeletal formula of plumbane
Skeletal formula of plumbane
Spacefill model of plumbane
Spacefill model of plumbane
  Lead, Pb
  Hydrogen, H
Names
IUPAC name
Plumbane
Other names
lead tetrahydride, tetrahydridolead, lead(IV) hydride, hydrogen plumbide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
  • InChI=1S/Pb.4H checkY
    Key: XRCKXJLUPOKIPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/Pb.4H/rH4Pb/h1H4
    Key: XRCKXJLUPOKIPF-BJORFFIVAF
  • [Pb]
Properties
PbH4
Molar mass 211.23 g/mol
Appearance Colorless gas
Boiling point −13 °C (9 °F; 260 K)
Structure
Tetrahedral at the Pb atom
Related compounds
Related tetrahydride compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X markN verify (what is checkYX markN ?)

Plumbane is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula PbH4. Proposed to be a colorless gas at room temperature, it is a group 14 hydride composed of lead and hydrogen. Plumbane is not well characterized or, and it is predicted to be thermodynamically unstable, as is typical for heavy main group hydrides.

Experimental work

If it exists, it is very labile. Because plumbane is so unstable, it cannot be made by classical methods used to synthesize GeH4 or SnH4, i.e. salt-forming reactions. Evidence for its existence resulted from electrolysis of lead alloys using a Marsh test-like setup. Plumbane was proposed to be generated by laser ablation and additionally identified the infrared (IR) bands. The ion PbH+
4 has been detected by mass spectrometry.

Computation

Plumbane has been the subject of repeated quantum chemical studies. It is predicted to have tetrahedral (Td) structure with a Pb-H distance of 1.73 Å.

Congeners

Congeners of plumbane include:

Other lead hydrides

(C6H3-2,6-(mesityl)2)PbH dimer

A few lead hydrides has been isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallography.

Further reading

References

  1. 1 2 Roy, Matthew M. D.; Omaña, Alvaro A.; Wilson, Andrew S. S.; Hill, Michael S.; Aldridge, Simon; Rivard, Eric (2021). "Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides". Chemical Reviews. 121 (20): 12784–12965. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278. PMID 34450005.
  2. ↑ Cotton, F. A.; Wilkinson, G.; Murillo, C. A.; Bochman, M. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. Wiley: New York, 1999
  3. ↑ Paneth, Fritz; Nörring, Otto (1920). "Über Bleiwasserstoff". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series). 53 (9): 1693–1710. doi:10.1002/cber.19200530915.
  4. ↑ Wang, Xuefeng; Andrews, Lester (2003). "Infrared Spectra of Group 14 Hydrides in Solid Hydrogen: Experimental Observation of PbH4, Pb2H2, and Pb2H4". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 125 (21): 6581–6587. doi:10.1021/ja029862l. PMID 12785799.
  5. ↑ Saalfeld, Fred E.; Svec, Harry J. (1963). "The Mass Spectra of Volatile Hydrides. I. The Monoelemental Hydrides of the Group IVB and VB Elements". Inorganic Chemistry. 2: 46–50. doi:10.1021/ic50005a014.
  6. ↑ Visser, O.; Visscher, L.; Aerts, P. J. C.; Nieuwpoort, W. C. (1992). "Relativistic all-electron molecular Hartree-Fock-Dirac-(Breit) calculations on CH4, SiH4, GeH4, SnH4, PbH4". Theoretica Chimica Acta. 81 (6): 405–416. doi:10.1007/BF01134864. S2CID 97874625.
  7. ↑ Malli, Gulzari L.; Siegert, Martin; Turner, David P. (2004). "Relativistic and electron correlation effects for molecules of heavy elements: Ab initio fully relativistic coupled-cluster calculations for PbH4". International Journal of Quantum Chemistry. 99 (6): 940–949. doi:10.1002/qua.20142.
  8. 1 2 Hein, Thomas A.; Thiel, Walter; Lee, Timothy J. (1993). "Ab initio study of the stability and vibrational spectra of plumbane, methylplumbane, and homologous compounds". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 97 (17): 4381–4385. doi:10.1021/j100119a021. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0028-1862-2.
  9. ↑ Desclaux, J. P.; Pyykko, P. (1974). "Relativistic and non-relativistic Hartree-Fock one-centre expansion calculations for the series CH4 to PbH4 within the spherical approximation". Chemical Physics Letters. 29 (4): 534–539. Bibcode:1974CPL....29..534D. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(74)85085-2.
  10. ↑ Pyykkö, P.; Desclaux, J. P. (1977). "Dirac–Fock one-centre calculations show (114)H4 to resemble PbH4". Nature. 266 (5600): 336–337. Bibcode:1977Natur.266..336P. doi:10.1038/266336a0. S2CID 4183019.
  11. ↑ Queen, Joshua D.; Fettinger, James C.; Power, Philip P. (2019). "Two quasi-stable lead(II) hydrides at ambient temperature". Chemical Communications. 55 (69): 10285–10287. doi:10.1039/c9cc05106f. PMID 31396611.