Stannane

Stannane
Structure and dimensions of the stannane molecule
Structure and dimensions of the stannane molecule
Ball-and-stick model of the stannane molecule
Ball-and-stick model of the stannane molecule
Space-filling model of the stannane molecule
Space-filling model of the stannane molecule
  Tin, Sn
  Hydrogen, H
Names
IUPAC name
Stannane
Other names
tin tetrahydride
tin hydride
tin(IV) hydride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
  • InChI=1S/Sn.4H checkY
    Key: KXCAEQNNTZANTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/Sn.4H/rH4Sn/h1H4
    Key: KXCAEQNNTZANTK-GVMKXMNPAM
  • [Sn]
Properties
SnH4
Molar mass 122.71 g/mol
Appearance colourless gas
Density 5.4 g/L, gas
Melting point −146 °C (−231 °F; 127 K)
Boiling point −52 °C (−62 °F; 221 K)
Structure
Tetrahedral
0 D
Thermochemistry
1.262 kJ/(kg·K)
162.8 kJ/mol
19.049 kJ/mol
Related compounds
Related organotins
 tributylstannane (Bu3SnH)
Related compounds
 Methane
Silane
Germane
Plumbane
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Stannane /ˈstæneɪn/ or tin hydride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SnH4. It is a colourless gas that ignites on contact with air. SnH4 is a heavy analogue of methane but much less robust. In contrast to this rarely used species, stannane also refers to a large collection of organotin compounds.

Preparation and reactions

Stannane can be prepared by the reaction of SnCl4 and lithium aluminium hydride according to the following idealized equation:

SnCl4 + Li[AlH4] → SnH4 + LiCl + AlCl3

Stannane decomposes slowly at room temperature to give metallic tin and hydrogen.

SnH4 → Sn + 2H2

Organotin hydrides are more stable, e.g. triphenyltin hydride, also known as triphenylstannane.

Occurrence in industry

Stannane is produced in EUV machines in the semiconductor industry from the reaction of molten tin with hydrogen gas during the laser-induced generation of specific wavelengths of light required for photolithography. The volatility of the stannane gas is a controlled parameter in the production of microchips.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  2. ↑ Qerimi, Dren; Herschberg, Andrew C.; Panici, Gianluca; Hays, Parker; Pohlman, Tyler; Ruzic, David N. (2022). "Tin removal by an annular surface wave plasma antenna in an extreme ultraviolet lithography source". Journal of Applied Physics. 132 (11) 113302. doi:10.1063/5.0094375. OSTI 1887630.