Podapolipidae

Podapolipidae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Trombidiformes
Infraorder: Eleutherengona
Superfamily: Tarsonemoidea
Family: Podapolipidae

Podapolipidae is a family of mites. All members of the family Podapolipidae are specialized obligate external (and rarely internal) parasites of various insects, among which at least 20 genera are subelytral ectoparasites of different beetle families, mainly Carabidae, Chrysomelidae, Coccinellidae, and Scarabaeidae.

These mites are sexually transmitted, i.e. the motile stages of the mite (larvae or adult females) move from one host individual to another during copulation. Parasitisation with these mites can negatively affect host fitness. For example, in some ladybirds, individuals parasitised with Coccipolipus suffer lower fecundity and egg viability and sometimes reduced longevity. Beyond this, these mites can modify host sexual and behavioural traits to boost their transmission success among individual hosts. For example, in the milk weed leaf beetle, males parasitized by Chrysomelobia tend to more frequently contact other males, and are more successful in mating competition compared to unparasitised males; and this facilitates the mite's higher transmission rate.

Four genera of Podapolipidae are exclusively associated with carabid beetles: Dorsipes (22 species), Eutarsopolipus (99 species), Ovacarus (3 species) and Regenpolipus (5 species). Apart from Ovacarus, which is an endoparasite of the reproductive tracts of some carabids, the rest are subelytral ectoparasites. Species of Eutarsopolipus are versatile in morphology and are currently grouped into ten species groups. Most of the species are specific to a single host species. However, a few parasitize more than one host species or more rarely more than one genus, yet the possibility of them being cryptic species remains untested. More interestingly, in some cases more than one species can parasitize one host species and sometimes they are specialized to different microhabitats such as the elytral cavity, on hindwings or on the dorsal abdomen of their host.

References

  1. ↑ "Podapolipidae". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2025-03-09.
  2. ↑ Husband, Robert W. (December 1984). "Dilopolipus, Panesthipolipus, Peripolipusand Stenopolipus, new genera of Podapolipidae (Acarina) from the Indo-Australian Region". International Journal of Acarology. 10 (4): 251–269. Bibcode:1984IJAca..10..251H. doi:10.1080/01647958408683384. ISSN 0164-7954.
  3. ↑ Husband, Robert W.; Kurosa, Kazuyoshi (September 2000). "Two new genera and a new species of mites (Acari: Podapolipidae) associated with weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Argentina". International Journal of Acarology. 26 (3): 247–255. Bibcode:2000IJAca..26..247H. doi:10.1080/01647950008684196. ISSN 0164-7954.
  4. ↑ A New Species of Podapolipus and a New Species of Eutarsopolipus (Acari: Podapolipidae) from the Philippines. The Philippine Association of Entomologists, Inc. doi:10.59852/tpe-a265v7i5.
  5. 1 2 3 Katlav, Alihan; Hajiqanbar, Hamidreza; Riegler, Markus; Seeman, Owen D (2021). "Sheltered life beneath elytra: three new species of Eutarsopolipus (Acari, Heterostigmatina, Podapolipidae) parasitizing Australian ground beetles". Parasite. 28: 75. doi:10.1051/parasite/2021069. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 8570142. PMID 34738903. This article incorporates text by Alihan Katlav, Hamidreza Hajiqanbar, Markus Riegler, and Owen D Seeman available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
  6. ↑ Regenfuss H. 1968. Untersuchungen zur morphologie, systematik und oekologie der Podapolipidae (Acarina: Tarsonemini). Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 177, 183–282.
  7. ↑ Seeman, Owen D.; Nahrung, Helen F. (2013-10-27). "Two new species of Chrysomelobia Regenfuss, 1968 (Acariformes: Podapolipidae) from Paropsis charybdis Stål (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Systematic Parasitology. 86 (3): 257–270. doi:10.1007/s11230-013-9447-2. ISSN 0165-5752. PMID 24163026.
  8. 1 2 Hurst, Gregory D. D.; Sharpe, Rosie G.; Broomfield, Angela H.; Walker, Linda E.; Majerus, Tamsin M. O.; Zakharov, Ilia A.; Majerus, Michael E. N. (August 1995). "Sexually transmitted disease in a promiscuous insect,Adalia bipunctata". Ecological Entomology. 20 (3): 230–236. Bibcode:1995EcoEn..20..230H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1995.tb00452.x. ISSN 0307-6946.
  9. ↑ Schroder, Robert F. W. (June 1982). "Effect of infestation withCoccipolipus epilachnaeSmiley (Acarina: podapolipidae) on fecundity and longevity of the Mexican bean beetle". International Journal of Acarology. 8 (2): 81–84. Bibcode:1982IJAca...8...81S. doi:10.1080/01647958208683282. ISSN 0164-7954.
  10. 1 2 Abbot, Patrick; Dill, Larry M. (January 2001). "Sexually transmitted parasites and sexual selection in the milkweed leaf beetle, Labidomera clivicollis". Oikos. 92 (1): 91–100. Bibcode:2001Oikos..92...91A. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.920111.x. ISSN 0030-1299.
  11. ↑ Hajiqanbar, Hamidreza; Mortazavi, Abdolazim; Khaustov, Alexandr (2019-07-26). "Two new species of Eutarsopolipus (Acari: Prostigmata: Podapolipidae) parasitizing Syntomus lateralis (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Iran". Zootaxa. 4647 (1): 154–167. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4647.1.13. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 31716981.
  12. 1 2 Hajiqanbar, Hamidreza; Husband, Robert W.; Kamali, Karim; Saboori, Alireza; Kamali, Hashem (September 2007). "Ovacarus longisetosusn. sp. (Acari: Podapolipidae) fromAmara (Paracelia) saxicolaZimm. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and new records of Coccipolipus, Dorsipes, Eutarsopolipus and Tarsopolipus from Iran". International Journal of Acarology. 33 (3): 241–244. Bibcode:2007IJAca..33..241H. doi:10.1080/01647950708684528. ISSN 0164-7954.
  13. 1 2 Katlav, Alihan; Hajiqanbar, Hamidreza (February 2018). "First Description of Male and Larval Female of Parasitic Mite Eutarsopolipus abdominis (Acari: Podapolipidae) with Redescription of the Adult Female". Journal of Parasitology. 104 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1645/17-152. ISSN 0022-3395. PMID 29039257.
  14. ↑ Husband, Robert W. (December 2007). "Regenpolipus hexastichusn. sp. (Acari: Podapolipidae), parasite ofAnthia hexastichumGerstaecker (Coleoptera: Carabidae), from Kenya". International Journal of Acarology. 33 (4): 327–332. Bibcode:2007IJAca..33..327H. doi:10.1080/01647950708683694. ISSN 0164-7954.
  15. ↑ Katlav, Alihan; Hajiqanbar, Hamidreza; Talebi, Ali Asghar (2014-09-10). "Dorsipes caspius n. sp. (Acari: Podapolipidae), a subelytral parasite of Pterostichus caspius (Menetries) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) with notes on host range of the genus and the distribution of the platysmae group". Systematic Parasitology. 89 (2): 117–132. doi:10.1007/s11230-014-9512-5. ISSN 0165-5752. PMID 25204599.
  16. ↑ Seeman, Owen D. (2021-05-18). "Contrasting species diversification of Eutarsopolipus (Acariformes: Podapolipidae) on Castelnaudia and Notonomus (Coleoptera: Carabidae)". Zootaxa. 4971 (1). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4971.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 34186873.
  17. 1 2 Seeman, Owen D. (2019-07-26). "Two new species of Australian Eutarsopolipus (Acariformes: Podapolipidae) from Nurus medius (Coleoptera: Carabidae)". Zootaxa. 4647 (1): 134–153. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4647.1.12. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 31716980.
  18. ↑ Seeman, Owen D. (2019-12-31). "New species of Eutarsopolipus (Trombidiformes: Podapolipidae) from the pterostichine genera Castelnaudia and Trichosternus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Australia". Zootaxa. 4717 (1). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4717.1.12. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 32230659.
  19. ↑ Regenfuss, Hans (September 1972). "Über die Einnischung synhospitaler Parasitenarten auf dem Wirtskörper". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 10 (1): 44–65. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.1972.tb00784.x. ISSN 0947-5745.