Voiced retroflex implosive

Voiced retroflex implosive
ᶑ
Audio sample
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Encoding
Entity (decimal)	ᶑ
Unicode (hex)	U+1D91
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A voiced retroflex implosive is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. Wadiyara Koli phonemically distinguishes it from the alveolar /ɗ/. Sindhi has an implosive that varies between dental and retroflex articulation, while Oromo, Saraiki and Ngad'a have /ᶑ / but not /ɗ/.

The 'implicit' symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ᶑ ⟩ (a D with a tail for retroflex and a hook-top for implosive).

Features

Features of a voiced retroflex implosive:

• Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, it is a plosive.
• Its place of articulation is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated subapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can be apical (pointed) or, in some fricatives, laminal (flat).
• Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
• It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
• It is a median consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
• The airstream mechanism is implosive (glottalic ingressive), which means it is produced by pulling air in by pumping the glottis downward. Since it is voiced, the glottis is not completely closed, but allows a pulmonic airstream to escape through it.

Occurrence

See also

• List of phonetics topics

References

External links

• List of languages with [ᶑ] on PHOIBLE