Robert Habeck

Robert Habeck
Habeck at the Frankfurt Book Fair in 2026
Vice Chancellor of Germany
In office
8 December 2021 – 6 May 2025
ChancellorOlaf Scholz
Preceded byOlaf Scholz
Succeeded byLars Klingbeil
Minister for Economic Affairs and Climate Action
In office
8 December 2021 – 6 May 2025
ChancellorOlaf Scholz
Preceded byPeter Altmaier
Succeeded byKatherina Reiche
Leader of Alliance 90/The Greens
In office
27 January 2018 – 29 January 2022
Serving with Annalena Baerbock
Deputy
Preceded byCem Özdemir
Succeeded byOmid Nouripour
Deputy Minister-President of Schleswig-Holstein
In office
12 June 2012 – 6 February 2018
Minister-PresidentTorsten Albig
Daniel Günther
Preceded byHeiner Garg
Succeeded byMonika Heinold
Minister for Energy Transition, Agriculture, the Environment, Nature and Digitization of Schleswig-Holstein
In office
12 June 2012 – 31 August 2018
Minister-PresidentTorsten Albig
Daniel Günther
Preceded byJuliane Rumpf
Succeeded byJan Philipp Albrecht
Leader of Alliance 90/The Greens in the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein
In office
27 October 2009 – 12 June 2012
Preceded byKarl-Martin Hentschel
Succeeded byEka von Kalben
Parliamentary constituencies
Member of the Bundestag
for Flensburg – Schleswig
In office
26 October 2021 – 1 September 2025
Preceded byPetra Nicolaisen
Succeeded byMayra Vriesema
Member of the Bundesrat
for Schleswig-Holstein
In office
12 June 2012 – 6 February 2018
Preceded byHeiner Garg
Succeeded byMonika Heinold
Member of the
Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein
In office
27 October 2009 – 12 June 2012
Preceded bymulti-member district
Succeeded byDetlef Matthiessen
ConstituencyAlliance 90/The Greens List
Personal details
Born (1969-09-02) 2 September 1969 (age 57)
Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, West Germany
PartyAlliance 90/The Greens
Spouse
Andrea Paluch
​
(m. 1996)​
Children4
EducationUniversity of Freiburg
Roskilde University
University of Hamburg (MA, Dr. phil.)
Occupation
  • Politician
  • writer
Signature
Websitewww.robert-habeck.de Edit this at Wikidata

Robert Habeck (German: [ˈʁoːbɛʁt ˈhaːbɛk] ⓘ; born 2 September 1969) is a German writer and former politician (Alliance 90/The Greens) who served as Vice Chancellor of Germany, Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Climate Action in the cabinet of Chancellor Olaf Scholz and as a Member of the German Bundestag for Flensburg – Schleswig from 2021 to 2025. From 2018 to 2022, he also served as co-leader of Alliance 90/The Greens, alongside Annalena Baerbock. For the 2021 German federal election, he was a member of the leading duo, alongside Baerbock, who ran for chancellor of Germany.

Between 2009 and 2012, Habeck was a member of the state parliament of Schleswig-Holstein, where he was also the Greens' parliamentary leader. From 2012 to 2018 he served as the state's Deputy Minister-president and Minister for Energy Transition, Agriculture, the Environment, Nature and Digitization, and a member of the Bundesrat.

Habeck was the Green's candidate for chancellor in the 2025 federal elections. Later in 2025, he resigned his Bundestag seat and retired from politics.

Early life, education and writing

Habeck passed his final secondary school examinations in 1989 at the Heinrich Heine School in Heikendorf in the Plön district. After completing his alternative civilian service in 1991 he began studying for a master's degree with a combination of philosophy, German and philology at the Albert Ludwigs University in Freiburg im Breisgau. After the intermediate examination in 1992/93 he attended Roskilde University in Denmark. In 1996 Habeck received a master's degree from the University of Hamburg. From 1996 to 1998 he completed a doctorate at the University of Hamburg and was awarded a doctorate in philosophy in 2000, with a thesis on the depiction of nature in literature.

From 1999 Habeck and his wife Andrea Paluch worked as freelance writers. In addition to children's books and translations of English poetry, Habeck, with Paluch, published six novels, among others, Hauke Haien's Death (2001), The Day I Met My Dead Man (2005) and Under the Gully Lies the Sea (2007). Habeck is fluent in Danish.

State politics

In 2009, Habeck was elected to the Schleswig-Holstein Landtag via the party list. In November 2011, he was voted as the top candidate of his party for the 2012 Schleswig-Holstein election. From 2009 to 2012, Habeck was chairman of the Alliance 90/The Greens group in Schleswig-Holstein.

Habeck served as Deputy Minister-President and State Minister for Energy, Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas in the centre-left Albig Cabinet since 2012 and in the centre-right Günther Cabinet between 2017 and 2018. Under his leadership – he was not a candidate for parliament – the Green Party became the third largest group in the Landtag after the 2017 state elections. As one of his state's representatives at the Bundesrat, he served on the Committee on Agricultural Policy and Consumer Protection; the Committee on the Environment, Nature Protection and Reactor Safety; the Committee on Economic Affairs; and the Committee on Transport. From 2014 and 2016, Habeck was one of the members of Germany's temporary National Commission on the Disposal of Radioactive Waste.

Habeck served as a Green Party delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2012. He ran to become one of the two top candidates for the Greens for the 2017 German federal election, but lost by 75 votes to Cem Özdemir.

National politics

On 27 January 2018, the Green Party's national convention in Hanover elected him as chairman, a position shared with Annalena Baerbock. He then resigned from his ministerial posts in Schleswig-Holstein.

Habeck in Dortmund in August 2021

Habeck was elected to the Bundestag in the 2021 German federal election, defeating the CDU incumbent Petra Nicolaisen in the constituency of Flensburg – Schleswig.

Vice Chancellor and Minister for Economic Affairs, 2021–2025

After the Greens agreed to form a traffic light coalition government with the centre-left Social Democrats and liberal Free Democrats, new Chancellor Olaf Scholz named Habeck as Minister for Economic Affairs and Climate Action and vice chancellor in December 2021.

Energy policy

In January 2022 Habeck, an opponent of nuclear energy, pushed against efforts at the EU level to label it as a green energy source. In March, Habeck's ministry ruled out extending the life of Germany's remaining nuclear power plants, arguing that the costs involved outweighed the benefits. Critics said that nuclear energy was a way to reduce Germany's reliance on Russian gas following Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Later, in April 2024, the magazine Cicero claimed that Habeck had misled the public on this issue. The magazine said he had ignored the advice of experts who said nuclear facilities were still safe to operate.

In March 2022, as the Russia–EU gas dispute intensified, Habeck cautioned, "If we do not obtain more gas next winter and if deliveries from Russia were to be cut then we would not have enough gas to heat all our houses and keep all our industry going". He subsequently signed a deal with Qatar for the supply of liquefied natural gas, saying "although we might still need Russian gas this year, in the future it won't be so any more." He said that Germany planned to end imports of Russian natural gas completely by mid-2024.

In April, Habeck presented a package of measures to both reduce reliance on Russian gas imports and speed up Germany's transition to renewable energy. In May, he said that the end of Russian gas imports would permanently raise energy prices in Germany.

In June, Habeck warned that Germany was facing a "more significant" energy crisis than the 1973 oil crisis. After EU leaders announced joint climate measures later that month, Habeck called it "one of the most comprehensive climate packages in EU history" achieved "in the middle of Europe's biggest energy crisis."

In September, with energy-intensive German industry still struggling with rising energy prices, Habeck presented a €200 billion plan to shield producers and consumers from some of the effects. He also announced plans to keep two of Germany's three remaining nuclear power stations on standby, beyond a year-end deadline to ditch the fuel, to ensure enough electricity supply through the winter. Habeck also accused the United States and other "friendly" gas supplier nations of profiting from the Ukraine war with "astronomical prices". He called for Washington to show solidarity with its allies in Europe by reducing prices.

The last three nuclear power plants in Germany were shut down on 15 April 2023.

In July 2023, Habeck stated that the German transition to green energy would "put a burden on people" and there was "a major transformational period ahead of us until 2030". He called for a phase-out of coal by 2030.

In November 2023, Habeck led efforts on backstopping Siemens Energy with guarantees worth €7.5 billion ($8.1 billion) as part of a deal with other stakeholders to help the energy company fulfil its order book; the guarantees were part of a package totaling €15 billion agreed with private banks and other stakeholders and also imposed a pause on dividends and higher level bonuses.

In January 2024, he became the target of protests by German farmers for his role in promoting green policies and pushing for cuts in agricultural subsidies.

In September 2024, in response to the threat of mass layoffs at the Volkswagen car manufacturer, Habeck said that the government would consider how it could help Volkswagen. He said that the government should support the transition to electric cars.

Foreign investments and trade

Under Habeck's leadership, the ministry stopped Beijing-based Aeonmed Group in April 2022 from purchasing German medical device manufacturer Heyer Medical, based on a government assessment that there were dangers to public safety. In November 2022, he formally blocked Silex, a Swedish subsidiary of China's Sai Microelectronics, from buying a Elmos Semiconductor plant for €85 million, saying the country had to protect key industries from potential security threats.

In September 2022, Habeck confirmed that Germany approved new arms export deals to Saudi Arabia, despite the ban imposed as a result of the Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen.

Habeck voiced support for the European Union–Mercosur free trade agreement, saying the agreement would be "an opportunity for South America as well as for Europe and for Germany".

In March 2023, Habeck participated in the first joint cabinet meeting of the governments of Germany and Japan in Tokyo, chaired by Chancellor Scholz and Prime Minister Fumio Kishida.

2024 German government crisis

In November 2024, two days after the FDP left the coalition due to the ongoing political crisis, which subsequently became a minority government and the Scholz cabinet was reshuffled, Habeck announced that he wanted to be nominated by the Greens as candidate for chancellor for the federal election. At the party conference on 17 November 2024, he was officially elected as candidate for chancellor by the Greens' delegates.

However, in the election, the Greens received only 11.6% of the vote, down from 14.7% the previous time, and were not part of the subsequent coalition government. Habeck lost his seat in the electoral district of Flensburg – Schleswig, but still entered the Bundestag through the state list.

In August 2025, after fives months in the new Bundestag, Habeck announced he was retiring from politics and would become an academic. He officially resigned his Bundestag seat on 1 September, and was succeeded by Mayra Vriesema.

Political positions

In March 2024 Habeck said:

We cannot rely on the Americans to always foot the bill for everything or to provide the necessary materials. That means that ramping up military production, the defense and armaments industries, and scenarios including for national defense — these all need to be reactivated again.

In an interview in 2018 Habeck positioned himself against an ethnic notion of nationhood, which he differentiated from the notion of a "constitutive people".

In November 2020, Habeck and fellow party members Konstantin von Notz and Irene Mihalic published an "11-point plan against Islamist terrorism". Among the proposals were more resources for the surveillance of individuals who had not committed crimes but police had identified as potential security threats (Gefährder [de]), and the prohbition of certain Salafist groups.

In 2021, Habeck warned against "accept[ing] the demands of identity politics uncritically".

COVID-19 pandemic

In an interview with Der Tagesspiegel at the end of May 2020, Habeck said that the COVID-19 pandemic was "maybe the first time" that health care was more important than economic growth. He called for public funding which had been mobilised to provide relief during the crisis to also be applied to rejuvenate the economy and address the climate crisis.

On 6 May 2021, Habeck demanded the federal government waive patent rights for the COVID-19 vaccine.

Migration & refugees

In December 2019, Habeck called for the evacuation of refugee camps on Greek islands on humanitarian grounds, and said countries including Germany should admit the people detained there. In March 2020 he raised the issue again, highlighting the risk of a COVID-19 outbreak in the camps.

In October 2023, Habeck called for more immigration to Germany, saying the shortage of skilled workers was the country’s "most pressing structural problem". In July 2024, he proposed tax relief for skilled foreign workers.

Gaza war

On 2 November 2023, Habeck posted a video on X/Twitter about protests in Germany against the Gaza war. He said that burning the Israeli flag or praising Hamas were felony offenses in Germany, and stated: "Germans will have to answer for this in court, while non-Germans also risk losing their residence status. Anyone who does not yet have a residence permit provides a reason to be deported." ("Wer Deutscher ist, wird sich dafür vor Gericht verantworten müssen, wer kein Deutscher ist, riskiert außerdem seinen Aufenthaltsstatus. Wer noch keinen Aufenthaltstitel hat, liefert einen Grund, abgeschoben zu werden.") The video was viewed more than 42 million times in the first two weeks.

On 11 January 2024, while visiting Sderot near the Gaza strip, Habeck called South Africa's case against Israel at the International Court of Justice "one of the biggest absurdities" ("eine der größten Absurditäten") imaginable. He added, "genocide is something else, it is the deliberate will to wipe out ethnic groups or religious communities, the deliberate extermination." ("Aber Völkermord ist etwas anderes, es ist das gezielte Auslöschenwollen von Ethnien oder religiösen Gemeinschaften, das gezielte Auslöschen.")

In May 2024, however, he argued that Israel's actions, especially the Rafah offensive, were "incompatible with international law".

Post-politics

Since 2025, Habeck has been working as analyst of foreign policy and diplomacy at the Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS). In October 2025, he served as a Distinguished Global Leader at the Perry World House at the University of Pennsylvania,[full citation needed] and in January 2026 as a visiting professor at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem; since March 2026, he has been at the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley. Building on the focus of his political work to date, he intends to address the questions of how the fight for liberal democracy will proceed and what consequences global warming will have, particularly from a security policy perspective.

In 2026, Habeck joined Danish investment firm Urban Partners as senior advisor.

Other activities

Personal life

Habeck is married with four children.[full citation needed] He is a vegetarian. His brother-in-law is fellow politician Stefan Birkner.

His great-grandfather was Walter Granzow, whose son Kurt Granzow, Habeck maternal grandfather, was an Obersturmführer in the SA.

References

  1. ↑ "Habeck: Literat, Politiker und Familienvater". Norddeutscher Rundfunk. 28 August 2018. Archived from the original on 22 June 2015. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  2. ↑ "Robert taler dansk og har danske svigerdøtre: Nu bliver han (måske) Tysklands næste kansler" [Robert speaks Danish and has Danish daughters-in-law: Now he (might) become Germany's next chancellor.]. dr.dk (in Danish). 17 April 2021. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  3. ↑ "Eintrag zu "Die Natur der Literatur"". Katalogplus, sub.uni-hamburg.de. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2025.
  4. ↑ Habeck, Robert (2001) [2000]. Die Natur der Literatur: zur gattungstheoretischen Begründung literarischer Ästhetizität. Universität Hamburg (PhD thesis) (in German). Würzburg: Königshausen und Neumann. ISBN 3-8260-2066-9. OCLC 48544116. OL 22489658M.
  5. ↑ "Robert Habeck: Wer wagt, beginnt" [Robert Habeck: He who dares, begins] (in German). Archived from the original on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  6. ↑ Merlin Christophersen; Anna-Lise Bjerager (15 September 2018). "Ich bin nicht nur da zuhause, wo meine Muttersprache gesprochen wird" [I am not only at home where my mother tongue is spoken]. Der Nordschleswiger (in German). Bund Deutscher Nordschleswiger. Archived from the original on 15 September 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
  7. ↑ "Landtagswahl in Schleswig-Holstein 2009 – Vorläufige Ergebnisse" [State election in Schleswig-Holstein 2009 – Preliminary results]. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2009.
  8. ↑ "Abschlussbericht der Kommission Lagerung hoch radioaktiver Abfallstoffe" [Final Report of the Commission on Storage of Highly Radioactive Waste] (PDF) (in German). Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2016.
  9. ↑ "Ordentliche Mitglieder der 15. Bundesversammlung" [Ordinary members of the 15th Federal Assembly] (PDF) (in German). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 July 2014.
  10. ↑ "Katrin Göring-Eckardt und Cem Özdemir gewinnen die Urwahl- BÜNDNIS 90/DIE GRÜNEN Bundespartei" [The Green Party members have chosen Katrin Göring-Eckardt and Cem Özdemir as frontrunners for the German federal election]. Alliance 90/The Greens (in German). Berlin, Germany. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
  11. ↑ "Grünen-Chefs Baerbock und Habeck: Der Mann an ihrer Seite" [Green Party leaders Baerbock and Habeck: The man at their side] (in German). Spiegel Online. 27 January 2018. Archived from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
  12. ↑ Müller, Ann-Katrin; Reimann, Anna (26 January 2018). "Grüne ändern für Robert Habeck ihre Satzung" [Greens change their statutes for Robert Habeck]. Der Spiegel (in German). Archived from the original on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  13. ↑ "Nord-Grüne gehen mit Amtsberg und Habeck in den Bundestagswahlkampf" [North Greens enter the federal election campaign with Amtsberg and Habeck]. ndr.de. Norddeutscher Rundfunk. 27 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 March 2021. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
  14. ↑ "Ergebnis des Bundeswahlleiters" [Result of the Federal Returning Officer] (in German). Archived from the original on 26 September 2021.
  15. ↑ Oltermann, Philip (6 December 2021). "Robert Habeck: from translating English verse to German high office". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2025.
  16. ↑ "Germany's Habeck denounces plan to label nuclear energy 'green' in Brussels | DW | 25.01.2022". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
  17. ↑ "Germany vetoes nuclear power extension, aims for LNG terminal in 2024". Reuters. 8 March 2022. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022.
  18. ↑ "German ministers quizzed over nuclear phase out 'deception". Deutsche Welle. 26 April 2024. Archived from the original on 26 April 2024.
  19. ↑ "German greens accused of lying over nuclear power safety to force plant shutdowns". The Telegraph. 26 April 2024. Archived from the original on 26 April 2024.
  20. ↑ "German Green's minister Robert Habeck under fire over 2022 nuclear shutdown". Euractiv. 26 April 2024. Archived from the original on 26 April 2024.
  21. ↑ "Reliant on Russian gas, Germany concerned over winter fuel supplies". France 24. 20 March 2022. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022.
  22. ↑ "Germany Signs Energy Deal With Qatar As It Seeks To reduce Reliance On Russian Supplies". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 20 March 2022. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022.
  23. ↑ "Germany goes on a mission to secure supplies of Qatari gas". Euractiv. 21 March 2022. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022.
  24. ↑ "Germany seeks to wean itself off Russian energy imports". Deutsche Welle. 25 March 2022. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022.
  25. ↑ "Germany unveils plans to accelerate green energy expansion". Reuters. 6 April 2022. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  26. ↑ "Germany's Era of Cheap Energy Is Over, Economy Minister Says". The Wall Street Journal. 2 May 2022. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022.
  27. ↑ "German economy minister reveals extent of gas crisis". HiIndia. 25 June 2022. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022.
  28. ↑ "EU ministers approve landmark climate measures, but tough talks await". Politico. 29 June 2022. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022.
  29. ↑ "German economy minister under fire as German companies sound alarm on energy prices". Reuters. 7 September 2022. Archived from the original on 7 September 2022.
  30. ↑ "How Bad Will the German Recession Be?". Der Spiegel. 14 September 2022. Archived from the original on 14 September 2022.
  31. ↑ "A Grave Threat to Industry in Germany". Der Spiegel. 21 September 2022. Archived from the original on 21 September 2022.
  32. ↑ "Draghi criticises Germany's €200-billion energy rescue shield". Euractiv. 30 September 2022. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022.
  33. ↑ Eckert, Vera (5 September 2022). "Germany keeps two nuclear reactors on standby to weather gas crisis". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  34. ↑ ""German minister criticizes U.S. over 'astronomical' natural gas prices"". CNBC. 5 October 2022. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022.
  35. ↑ "After scrapping nuclear reactors, Germany to spend billions on new gas power plants". Politico. 5 February 2024. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024.
  36. ↑ "Germany faces 5 tough years, economy minister warns". www.politico.eu. 27 July 2023. Archived from the original on 27 July 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  37. ↑ "Germany's Habeck Hopeful on Switching Off Coal Plants". Bloomberg. 3 November 2023. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023.
  38. ↑ "German government supports Siemens Energy with $8 bln guarantees". Reuters. 15 November 2023. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023.
  39. ↑ "Habeck: Angry farmers trap German minister on ferry". Deutsche Welle. 5 January 2024. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024.
  40. ↑ "German farmers block roads with tractors in protest over agriculture policies". CNBC. 8 January 2024. Archived from the original on 8 January 2024.
  41. ↑ "Berlin considering how to support German carmaker Volkswagen". Deutsche Welle. 20 September 2024. Archived from the original on 20 September 2024.
  42. ↑ "Driving on empty: The German government has few options to help an ailing car industry". Politico. 23 September 2024. Archived from the original on 23 September 2024.
  43. ↑ "Berlin stops Chinese firm from buying German medical device maker -Handelsblatt". Reuters. 27 April 2022. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022.
  44. ↑ "Germany vetos Chinese chip plant takeover". Politico. 9 November 2022. Archived from the original on 9 November 2022.
  45. ↑ "News German government approves arms exports to Saudi Arabia: reports". Deutsche Welle. 29 September 2022. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022.
  46. ↑ "Germany champions Mercosur deal despite agriculture woes". Euractiv. 17 March 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023.
  47. ↑ "German ministers head to Latin America to bolster free trade agreement". Anadolu Agency. 12 March 2023. Archived from the original on 12 March 2023.
  48. ↑ "Regierungskonsultationen: Scholz und Minister in Japan" [Government consultations: Scholz and ministers in Japan]. Tagesschau (in German). 18 March 2023. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  49. ↑ Matthias Deiß (8 November 2024). "So begründet Habeck seine Kanzlerkandidatur" [This is how Habeck justifies his candidacy for chancellor]. tagesschau.de (in German). Archived from the original on 8 November 2024. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
  50. ↑ "Parteitag der Grünen – Robert Habeck wird Kanzlerkandidat der Grünen" [Green Party Congress – Robert Habeck becomes Green Party candidate for chancellor]. srf.ch (in German). 17 November 2024. Archived from the original on 17 November 2024. Retrieved 17 November 2024.
  51. ↑ "Ergebnisse Deutschland - Die Bundeswahlleiterin". www.bundeswahlleiterin.de. Retrieved 26 August 2025.
  52. ↑ Blankennagel, Jens (23 February 2025). "Robert Habeck verliert sein Direktmandat an die CDU" [Robert Habeck loses his direct mandate to the CDU.]. Berliner Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 24 February 2025.
  53. ↑ Weise, Zia (25 August 2025). "Germany's ex-Vice Chancellor Robert Habeck quits politics". Politico EU. Axel Springer. Retrieved 3 September 2026.
  54. ↑ Berliner Zeitung: Habecks Nachfolge im Bundestag geklärt, 26jährige Studentin rückt nach, August 27, 2025
  55. ↑ Kinkartz, Sabine (31 March 2024). "Tailwind for the German arms industry?". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 31 March 2024. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
  56. ↑ ""Es gibt kein Volk": Habeck wehrt sich gegen Angriffe" ["There's no people": Habeck defends himself against attacks]. Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). 8 May 2018. Archived from the original on 7 December 2019.
  57. ↑ "Null-Toleranz-Strategie gegen islamistische Gefährder – 11-Punkte-Plan gegen islamistischen Terrorismus" [Zero-tolerance strategy against Islamist threats – 11-point plan against Islamist terrorism] (PDF). robert-habeck.de (in German). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 June 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
  58. ↑ "Habeck: Identitätspolitische Forderungen nicht kritiklos übernehmen" [Habeck: Do not accept identity politics demands uncritically.]. Report-K (in German). 13 January 2021. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  59. ↑ "Robert Habeck zur Corona-Politik: Autorität der Kanzlerin "auf fast tragische Weise zerstört"" [Robert Habeck on Corona policy: Chancellor's authority "destroyed in an almost tragic way"]. Die Tagesspiegel (in German). 31 May 2020. Archived from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
  60. ↑ "Grünenchef Habeck fordert Patent-Aussetzung für Coronaimpfstoffe" [Green Party leader Habeck calls for patent suspension for corona vaccines]. Der Spiegel (in German). 6 May 2021. Archived from the original on 6 May 2021.
  61. ↑ "Robert Habeck möchte Migranten aus Griechenland holen" [Robert Habeck wants to bring migrants from Greece]. Der Tagesspiegel (in German). 21 December 2019. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  62. ↑ "Grünenchef Habeck fordert Evakuierung griechischer Camps" [Green Party leader Habeck calls for evacuation of Greek camps]. Der Spiegel (in German). 29 March 2020. Archived from the original on 30 March 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
  63. ↑ "Germany calls for more immigrants to fix its shrinking economy". Financial Times. 11 October 2023. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023.
  64. ↑ "Germany's proposed tax rebate for skilled foreign workers 'socially explosive'". Euronews. 9 July 2024. Archived from the original on 9 July 2024.
  65. ↑ "German Vice-Chancellor speaks out on antisemitic incidents". Deutsche Welle. 2 November 2023. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  66. ↑ Orde, Sabine am (2 November 2023). "Hamas-Angriff auf Israel: Viel Lob für Habeck-Video". Tageszeitung (in German). Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2024. Der Vizekanzler erklärt in einem Video Israels Sicherheit als deutsche „Staatsräson" und verurteilt Antisemitismus – von links, rechts, von Muslimen.
  67. ↑ "Virales Video: Habecks Appell gegen Antisemitismus mehr als 42 Millionen Mal aufgerufen" [Viral video: Habeck's appeal against antisemitism viewed more than 42 million times.]. www.spiegel.de (in German). 14 November 2023. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  68. ↑ "Habeck: Die Hamas muss zerstört werden" [Habeck: Hamas must be destroyed.]. zeit.de (in German). 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  69. ↑ "Habeck zu Vorwürfen gegen Israel: 'Völkermord ist etwas anderes'" [Habeck on accusations against Israel: 'Genocide is something different']. Redaktions Netzwerk Deutschland (in German). 11 January 2024. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  70. ↑ "Israel's actions are 'incompatible with international law,' says Germany's Habeck". Politico. 25 May 2024. Archived from the original on 25 May 2024. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
  71. ↑ Schult, Christoph; Weiland, Severin (7 July 2025). "Habeck zieht es unter anderem nach Dänemark: Das machen Ex-Minister der Ampel künftig". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 28 July 2026.
  72. ↑ "Robert Habeck". Retrieved 28 July 2026.[author missing][date missing][publisher missing]
  73. ↑ Middelhoff, Paul (18 April 2026). "Robert Habeck in Berkeley". Die Zeit (in German). Hamburg. ISSN 0044-2070. Retrieved 21 April 2026.
  74. ↑ Schulze, Tobias; Unfried, Peter (25 August 2025). "Robert Habeck tritt ab: 'Ich will nicht wie ein Gespenst über die Flure laufen'". Die Tageszeitung (in German). Retrieved 25 August 2025.
  75. ↑ Krohn, Philipp (6 July 2026). "Habeck will dänische Verhältnisse auf dem Immobilienmarkt". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 28 July 2026.
  76. ↑ "Board of Supervisory Directors and its Committees". KfW. Archived from the original on 3 September 2024.
  77. ↑ "Board of Trustees – RAG-Stiftung". RAG-Stiftung. Archived from the original on 22 August 2015.
  78. ↑ "Dr Robert Habeck". Archived from the original on 10 May 2022.
  79. ↑ "Mutprobe auf dem Schlachthof: Grünen-Chef Habeck erklärt, wie er Vegetarier wurde" [Test of courage at the slaughterhouse: Green Party leader Habeck explains how he became a vegetarian] (in German). 28 April 2019. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019.
  80. ↑ "FDP-Spitzenkandidat in Niedersachsen: Der leise Liberale" [FDP top candidate in Lower Saxony: The quiet liberal]. Die Tageszeitung (in German). 16 August 2012. Archived from the original on 17 March 2017.
  81. ↑ "Habeck spricht über Schuld seiner Großväter" [Habeck talks about the guilt of his grandfathers]. Die Welt (in German). Welt Zeitung. 19 June 2024. Archived from the original on 19 June 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2024.