Spisula

Spisula
One valve of Spisula adamsi (specimen at MNHN, Paris)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Bivalvia
Order:	Venerida
Superfamily:	Mactroidea
Family:	Mactridae
Subfamily:	Mactrinae
Genus:	Spisula Gray, 1837
Type species
Cardium solidum Linnaeus, 1758
Species
See text.
Synonyms
Hemimactra Swainson, 1840 Notospisula Iredale, 1930 Spisula (Hemimactra) Swainson, 1840 alternate representation Spisula (Notospisula) Iredale, 1930 † Spisula (Ruellia) Cossmann, 1913 · alternate representation Spisula (Spisula) Gray, 1837 · alternate representation Spisula (Spisulona) Marwick, 1948 · alternate representation Spisulina P. Fischer, 1887 † Spisulona Marwick, 1948

Spisula is a genus of medium-sized to large marine bivalve mollusks or clams in the subfamily Mactrinae of the family Mactridae, commonly known as surf clams or trough shells.

Species

Species in the genus Spisula include:

• Spisula adamsi Olsson, 1961
• Spisula austini Lamprell & Whitehead, 1990
• †Spisula bernayi (Cossmann, 1886)
• † Spisula brombachensis S. Schneider & Mandic, 2014
• † Spisula couttsi Marwick, 1948
• † Spisula crassitesta (Finlay, 1927)
• Spisula discors (Gray, 1837)
• Spisula elliptica (T. Brown, 1827)
• Spisula murchisoni (Reeve, 1854)
• Spisula raveneli (Conrad, 1832)
• Spisula sachalinensis (Schrenck, 1862)
• Spisula solida (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Spisula solidissima (Dillwyn, 1817) – Atlantic surfclam
• Spisula subtruncata (da Costa, 1778)
• Spisula trigonella (Lamarck, 1818)
• † Spisula voyi (Gabb, 1866)

Synonyms

• Spisula adelaidae Angas, 1865: synonym of Anapella cycladea (Lamarck, 1818)
• Spisula aequilateralis (Deshayes, 1854) – Triangle shell: synonym of Crassula aequilatera (Reeve, 1854)
• Spisula alaskana Dall, 1921: synonym of Mactromeris polynyma (Stimpson, 1860)
• Spisula aspersa (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825): synonym of Oxyperas aspersa (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825): synonym of Oxyperas aspersum'' (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825)
• Spisula belliana W. R. B. Oliver, 1915: synonym of Oxyperas belliana (W. R. B. Oliver, 1915): synonym of Oxyperas bellianum (W. R. B. Oliver, 1915)
• Spisula bernardi Pilsbry, 1904: synonym of Oxyperas bernardi (Pilsbry, 1904)
• Spisula camaronis Dall, 1921: synonym of Mactromeris hemphillii (Dall, 1894)
• Spisula catilliformis Conrad, 1867: synonym of Mactromeris catilliformis (Conrad, 1867)
• Spisula cretacea Angas, 1868: synonym of Spisula trigonella (Lamarck, 1818)
• Spisula dolabriformis Conrad, 1867: synonym of Simomactra dolabriformis (Conrad, 1867) (original combination)
• Spisula fragilis Gray, 1837: synonym of Standella pellucida (Gmelin, 1791)
• Spisula hemphillii (Dall, 1894): synonym of Mactromeris hemphillii (Dall, 1894)
• Spisula isabelleana (d'Orbigny, 1846): synonym of Mactra isabelleana d'Orbigny, 1846
• Spisula lamarckii Gray, 1837: synonym of Eastonia rugosa (Helbling, 1779)
• Spisula lentiginosa Gould, 1852: synonym of Oxyperas lentiginosa (Gould, 1852): synonym of Oxyperas lentiginosum (Gould, 1852)
• Spisula longa Dall, 1921: synonym of Tresus nuttallii (Conrad, 1837)
• Spisula marplatensis (Doello-Jurado, 1949): synonym of Mactra marplatensis Doello-Jurado, 1949
• Spisula ovalis (J. Sowerby, 1817) : synonym of Spisula solida (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Spisula ovata Gray, 1843: synonym of Cyclomactra ovata (Gray, 1843)
• Spisula petitii (d'Orbigny, 1846): synonym of Mactra petitii d'Orbigny, 1846
• Spisula polynyma (Stimpson, 1860): synonym of Mactromeris polynyma (Stimpson, 1860)
• Spisula producta Angas, 1868: synonym of Spisula trigonella (Lamarck, 1818)
• Spisula richmondi (Dall, 1894): synonym of Mactra petitii d'Orbigny, 1846
• Spisula sayii Gray, 1837: synonym of Spisula raveneli (Conrad, 1832)
• Spisula solanderi J.E. Gray, 1837: synonym of Eastonia solanderi (J. E. Gray, 1837)
• Spisula strongi T. A. Burch, 1945: synonym of Simomactra planulata (Conrad, 1837)
• Spisula triangula (Brocchi, 1814): synonym of Spisula subtruncata (da Costa, 1778)
• Spisula vladivostokensis Bartsch, 1929: synonym of Mactromeris polynyma (Stimpson, 1860)
• Spisula voji [sic]: synonym of † Spisula voyi (Gabb, 1866)
• Spisula williamsi (Berry, 1960): synonym of Spisula adamsi Olsson, 1961

• 
  Spisula subtruncata

References

• "Spisula". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
• Marwick J. (1948). Lower Pliocene Mollusca from Otahuhu, Auckland. New Zealand Geological Survey Palaeontological Bulletin. 16: 38 pp., 8 pl.
• Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. 2 vols, 1258 pp

External links

• Gray, J. E. (1837). A synoptical catalogue of the species of certain tribes or genera of shells contained in the collection of the British Museum and the author's cabinet. Magazine of Natural History, N.S. 1: 370-376
• Iredale, T. (1930). More notes on the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Records of the Australian Museum. 17(9): 384-407, pls 62-65
• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 180-213