TL-10
| TL-10 | |
|---|---|
.jpg) YJ-9E anti-ship missile (bottom-left) in a display of Hongdu L-15 aircraft | |
| Type | anti-ship / air-to-surface missiles |
| Place of origin | China |
| Service history | |
| In service | prior to 2006 – present |
| Used by | China |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | Hongdu Aviation Industry Corporation |
| Produced | prior to 2006 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 105 kg (231 lb) |
| Length | 2,500 mm (98 in) |
| Diameter | 180 mm (7.1 in) |
| Wingspan | 568 mm (22.4 in) |
| Warhead | 30 kg (66 lb) |
Detonation mechanism | Semi-armor-piercing |
| Engine | rocket motor |
| Propellant | dual thrust chamber, solid rocket motor |
Operational range | 4–25 km (2.5–15.5 mi) |
| Maximum speed | ≈ Mach 0.85 |
Guidance system | INS, active radar homing (ARH), imaging infrared (IIR), TV/CCD, semi-active laser (SAL) |
Launch platform | Air & surface |
The YJ-9 (Chinese: 鹰击-9; pinyin: yingji-9; lit. 'Eagle Strike 9') is a Chinese lightweight anti-ship missile manufactured by Hongdu Aviation Industry Corporation. The export version of YJ-9 is called TL-10 (Chinese: 天龙-10; lit. 'Sky Dragon-10') anti-ship missile by Hongdu, or FL-8 (lit. 'Flying Dragon-8') by China National Aero-Technology Import & Export Corporation (CATIC). The missile was part of a bidding competition against C-701 missile for Iranian Kowsar missile program.
Development
During the Falkland War, the Royal Air Force (RAF) used Westland Lynx to launch Sea Skua anti-ship missiles against Argentinian patrol boats. Helicopter-based anti-surface operation was seen as a viable option in any potential Taiwan Strait operation by the Chinese military industry. In the 1990s, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC) Third Academy and Hongdu Aviation Industry Group (Hongdu) both initiated small anti-ship missile projects, resulting in CASIC's C-701 missile and Hongdu's TL-10 missile. Both missiles shared very similar specifications, but with a slight deviation in launch profile. The initial model of the C-701 focused on surface launch from boats, while TL-10 focused on helicopter air-launch integration.
Hongdu Aviation Industry Corporation began the development of TL-10 and TL-6 missiles in the mid-1990s, and conducted test fires in the same period. The TL-10 was unveiled in the 2004 Zhuhai Airshow. According to a representative of Hongdu in 2004, the TL-6 and TL-10 programs were purely designed for export, and no missiles would be inducted into the People's Liberation Army. Three missile variants were showcased in 2004: the air-to-surface KJ/TL-10B, the surface-to-surface JJ/TL-10A, and the surface-to-surface JJ/TL-6B. TL-6B also had a radar-guided version under development.
Jane's Defence Weekly suspected that the reason behind the similar roles, dimensions, and performance of the C-701 and TL-10 was that they were part of a competition bid intended for Iran's Kowsar missile program. Sources conflict regarding which missile variant ultimately entered service with the Iranian military; one account states that the TL-10/FL-8 and TL-6/FL-9 became the Kowsar and Nasar missiles, while another suggests that the C-701 and C-704 were the ones developed into these two systems.
The domestic variant of the TL-10, named YJ-9, first appeared in Chinese media reports in 2013. Four YJ-9 missiles can be carried by a PLA Navy Harbin Z-9D helicopter. In 2025, YJ-9s were carried by Harbin Z-20F helicopters on Chinese ships.
Design
The YJ-9 (TL-10) is a lightweight anti-ship missile designed to engage small targets at sea. The TL-10 is armed with a television seeker, but can be modified to carry other guidance methods.
Variants
- TL-10A
- TV/CCD version.
- TL-10B
- Active radar version.
- FL-8
- Alternaive name for TL-10.
- TL-1
- Rebranded TL-10, showcased at Zhuhai Airshow 2008.
- YJ-9
- Active radar version for People's Liberation Army usage. The missile's length is extended for additional range.
Specifications
| YJ-9 | TL-10 | C-701 | TL-6 | C-704 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Hongdu | Hongdu | CASIC | Hongdu | CASIC |
| Launch mass | 120 kg (260 lb) | 105 kg (231 lb) | 117 kg (258 lb) | 350 kg (770 lb) | 360 kg (790 lb) |
| Warhead | 30 kg (66 lb) semi-armor piercing (SAP) | 29–30 kg (64–66 lb) SAP | 130 kg (290 lb) | 130 kg (290 lb) SAP | |
| Length | 2.7 m (8.9 ft) | 2.5 m (8.2 ft) | 2.685 m (8.81 ft) | 3.4–3.5 m (11–11 ft) | 3.284 m (10.77 ft) |
| Diameter | 18 cm (7.1 in) | 18 cm (7.1 in) | 18 cm (7.1 in) | 28 cm (11 in) | 28 cm (11 in) |
| Span | 568 mm (22.4 in) | 568 mm (22.4 in) | 586 mm (23.1 in) | 900 mm (35 in) | 480–1,018 mm (18.9–40.1 in) |
| Range | 50–60 km (27–32 nmi) | 25 km (13 nmi) | 25 km (13 nmi) | 35 km (19 nmi) | 38 km (21 nmi) |
| Seeker | TV / Active radar / imaging infrared | ||||
| Motor | Dual thrust / dual chamber solid rocket | ||||
| Speed | Mach 0.85 | Mach 0.85 | Mach 0.9 | Mach 0.8 | |
Operators
Current operators
See also
References
- ↑ "Chinese Navy conducts firing test of new YJ-9 anti-ship missile from Z-9D naval helicopter". armyrecognition. 10 April 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Hewson, Robert (17 November 2004). "China aids Iran's tactical missile programme". Jane's Defence Weekly.
- ↑ "轻型反舰导弹鹰击9E是反舰导弹". NetEase News. 14 February 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "射程飙升至50公里！YJ-9增程型配直-20F，舰队防御圈扩大3倍". Tencent News. 9 November 2025.
- ↑ "图文：中航二集团展出的新式TL-10A型反舰导弹". Sina News. 2 November 2004.
- ↑ "外军观察：提升伊朗军事实力的导弹工业(组图)". Sina News. 13 April 2006.
"科萨尔"(Kosar)、"纳瑟"(Nasr)、"卡卢斯"(Karus)、"汤达"(Tondar)和前述"诺尔"导弹，分别对应于中国的"飞龙"-8、"飞龙"-9、C-801、C-802
- ↑ 王宏亮 (26 March 2017). "宏亮瞻局 波斯湾如何"反介入"？解密伊朗反舰导弹（上）". The Papaer.
中国出口的另一种小型反舰导弹C-701也进入伊朗军队服役，在伊朗这种导弹被称为"克萨"
- ↑ "C-704 (Nasr-1)". 16 December 2013. Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
- ↑ O'Hern, Steven (31 October 2012). Iran's Revolutionary Guard: The Threat That Grows While America Sleeps. Potomac Books. ISBN 9781597977012.
- ↑ "鹰击-9型反舰导弹". Sina News. 30 April 2018.
- ↑ "中国导弹发展史". EET China. 28 August 2022.
- ↑ "美媒：中国售巴6架直9舰载直升机 或配天龙10导弹". Phoenix New Media. 9 October 2009.
- ↑ "鲜为人知："天龙"10反舰导弹（TL-10B）". Sohu News. 23 May 2024.
- ↑ "简氏:中国帮伊朗设工厂产C704反舰导弹(图)". China Daily. 27 April 2010.
- ↑ "C704" (PDF). China Precision Machinery Import-Export Corporation. July 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 April 2021.
External links
- Report on the 5th Airshow China Zhuhai Archived 2005-04-26 at the Wayback Machine, Richard Fisher, Jr., PRC, November 1–7, 2004
- China aids Iran's tactical missile programme, Robert Hewson, Jane's Defence Weekly, November 11, 2004
- TL-1/10