Tragia

Noseburns
Tragia ramosa, southern Nevada
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily: Acalyphoideae
Tribe: Plukenetieae
Subtribe: Tragiinae
Genus: Tragia
Plum. ex L.
Type species
Tragia volubilis
Synonyms

Tragia is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It is widespread across North and South America, Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, the Indian subcontinent, northern Australia, and to various islands in the Caribbean and in the Indian Ocean.

Plants in this genus are sometimes known as noseburns.

Of the more than 150 species in the genus, around 25 are mentioned as medicinal, with strong antibacterial, antifungal and antiproliferative activity.

These species are used in Siddha medicine, which is practiced by the Tamil people, and is used in curing eczema, fevers, wheezing, and diabetes[citation needed].

Species
  1. Tragia abortiva – Ethiopia
  2. Tragia acalyphoides – Uzaramo
  3. Tragia adenanthera – Tanzania, Malawi
  4. Tragia adenophila – Paraguay
  5. Tragia affinis – C + S Mexico
  6. Tragia aliena – tropical America
  7. Tragia amblyodonta – Mexico, SW US
  8. Tragia angolensis – Angola, Zambia
  9. Tragia arabica – Ethiopia, Yemen, Saudi Arabia
  10. Tragia arnhemica – Northern Territory
  11. Tragia ashiae – Ethiopia
  12. Tragia aurea – Bolivia
  13. Tragia bahiensis – Brazil, NE Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
  14. Tragia balfourii – Socotra
  15. Tragia ballyi – Kenya
  16. Tragia baroniana – Madagascar
  17. Tragia benthamii – tropical Africa
  18. Tragia betonicifolia – SC US
  19. Tragia bicolor – S India
  20. Tragia biflora – Hispaniola
  21. Tragia boiviniana – Nosy Be
  22. Tragia bongolana – Sudan
  23. Tragia brevipes – C + E Africa
  24. Tragia brevispica – Texas, Oklahoma, Tamaulipas
  25. Tragia brouniana – Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia
  26. Tragia capensis – South Africa
  27. Tragia caperonioides – Paraguay
  28. Tragia catamarcensis – Catamarca
  29. Tragia ceanothifolia – Kenya
  30. Tragia cearensis – Ceará
  31. Tragia chevalieri – Benin, Ivory Coast, Nigeria
  32. Tragia chlorocaulon – Bolivia, S Brazil
  33. Tragia cinerea – Ethiopia, Somalia, Eritrea, Kenya
  34. Tragia cocculifolia – Madagascar
  35. Tragia collina – KwaZulu-Natal
  36. Tragia cordata – SE + SC US
  37. Tragia correae – Costa Rica, Panama
  38. Tragia crenata – Ethiopia
  39. Tragia cubensis – Cuba
  40. Tragia cuneata – Bahia
  41. Tragia descampsii – Zaire, Zambia, Tanzania
  42. Tragia dinteri – Namibia
  43. Tragia dioica – southern Africa
  44. Tragia dodecandra – N Argentina
  45. Tragia doryodes – Ethiopia
  46. Tragia durbanensis – S Mozambique, South Africa
  47. Tragia fallacina – Uruguay
  48. Tragia fasciculata – Central African Rep
  49. Tragia finalis – N Queensland
  50. Tragia friesii – Bolivia, NW Argentina
  51. Tragia furialis – SE Africa, Comoros, Madagascar
  52. Tragia gardneri – Zimbabwe
  53. Tragia geraniifolia – SE South America
  54. Tragia giardelliae – S Brazil, Misiones
  55. Tragia glabrescens – Kenya, Tanzania
  56. Tragia glanduligera – Mexico, S Texas
  57. Tragia gracilis – E Cuba
  58. Tragia guatemalensis – Guatemala
  59. Tragia hassleriana – Paraguay
  60. Tragia hieronymi – Bolivia, NW Argentina, Paraguay
  61. Tragia hildebrandtii – E Africa
  62. Tragia hispida – Uttarakhand, Nepal, Assam, Bhutan, Bangladesh
  63. Tragia imerinica – Madagascar
  64. Tragia impedita – Kenya, Tanzania
  65. Tragia incana – Uruguay
  66. Tragia incisifolia – southern Africa
  67. Tragia insuavis – Kenya, Tanzania
  68. Tragia involucrata – Indian Subcontinent
  69. Tragia ivohibeensis – Madagascar
  70. Tragia jonesii – NW Mexico
  71. Tragia karsteniana – Colombia
  72. Tragia kirkiana – E + SE Africa
  73. Tragia laciniata – S Arizona, Chihuahua, Sonora
  74. Tragia laminularis – W Africa
  75. Tragia lancifolia – Namibia
  76. Tragia lasiophylla – Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia
  77. Tragia lassia – Madagascar
  78. Tragia leucandra – S Brazil
  79. Tragia lippiifolia – Tanzania
  80. Tragia lukafuensis – Katanga, Zambia
  81. Tragia mazoensis – Zimbabwe
  82. Tragia melochioides – Uruguay, NW Argentina, Paraguay, S Brazil
  83. Tragia mexicana – Mexico, Belize, Guatemala
  84. Tragia meyeriana – southern Africa
  85. Tragia micromenes – Zambia
  86. Tragia mildbraediana – W Africa
  87. Tragia minor – southern Africa
  88. Tragia mitis – Sudan, Ethiopia
  89. Tragia mixta – E Africa
  90. Tragia moammarensis – Yemen
  91. Tragia monadelpha – Guinea
  92. Tragia montana – S India, Sri Lanka
  93. Tragia negeliensis – Ethiopia
  94. Tragia nepetifolia – Mexico, Honduras, SW US
  95. Tragia nigricans – Texas
  96. Tragia novae-hollandiae – Queensland, New South Wales
  97. Tragia okanyua – E + SE + S Africa
  98. Tragia pacifica – Chiapas, Oaxaca, Sinaloa
  99. Tragia paxii – S Brazil, Misiones
  100. Tragia peltata – Rio de Janeiro
  101. Tragia perrieri – Madagascar
  102. Tragia petiolaris – Tanzania, Zambia
  103. Tragia physocarpa – Namibia, Limpopo
  104. Tragia pinnata – Uruguay, NW Argentina, Paraguay, S Brazil
  105. Tragia platycalyx – Singida
  106. Tragia plukenetii – E + C + SC Africa, India, Sri Lanka
  107. Tragia plumieri – Haiti
  108. Tragia pogostemonoides – Tanzania
  109. Tragia pohlii – Goiás
  110. Tragia polyandra – S Brazil, Misiones, Paraguay
  111. Tragia polygonoides – Ivory Coast
  112. Tragia potosina – San Luis Potosí
  113. Tragia praetervisa – S India, Sri Lanka
  114. Tragia preussii – W + C Africa
  115. Tragia prionoides – Zimbabwe, Limpopo
  116. Tragia prostrata – Zambia
  117. Tragia pungens – NE Africa, Yemen, Saudi Arabia
  118. Tragia ramosa – SW + SC US, Nuevo León, Coahuila
  119. Tragia rhodesiae – Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi
  120. Tragia rhoicifolia – N Somalia
  121. Tragia rogersii – Limpopo
  122. Tragia rupestris – southern Africa
  123. Tragia sanjappae – S India
  124. Tragia saxicola – S Florida
  125. Tragia schlechteri – KwaZulu-Natal
  126. Tragia schweinfurthii – Ethiopia
  127. Tragia senegalensis – W Africa
  128. Tragia shirensis – Malawi, Mozambique
  129. Tragia smallii – SE US
  130. Tragia sonderi – KwaZulu-Natal, Eswatini
  131. Tragia spathulata – W Africa
  132. Tragia stipularis – Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia
  133. Tragia subhastata – Peru
  134. Tragia subsessilis – Kenya, Tanzania
  135. Tragia tabulaemontana – French Guiana
  136. Tragia tenuifolia – tropical Africa
  137. Tragia tiverneana – Madagascar
  138. Tragia tripartita – Sudan
  139. Tragia tristis – Paraguay, Brazil
  140. Tragia triumfetoides – Ethiopia
  141. Tragia uberabana – SE + SC South America
  142. Tragia ukambensis – Kenya, Uganda
  143. Tragia uncinata – Ethiopia
  144. Tragia urens – SE US
  145. Tragia urticifolia – SE + SC US, Tamaulipas, Campeche
  146. Tragia vogelii – W + C Africa
  147. Tragia volubilis – Mexico, S + C America, W Indies, tropical Africa
  148. Tragia wahlbergiana – Mozambique, Limpopo
  149. Tragia wildemanii – W Africa
  150. Tragia yucatanensis – Yucatán, Belize, Honduras
formerly included

moved to other genera (Acalypha Adenophaedra Alchornea Bia Cleidion Cnesmone Dalechampia Megistostigma Micrococca Microstachys Omphalea Pachystylidium Platygyna Plukenetia Sclerocroton Shirakiopsis Tragiella Zuckertia )

  1. T. alienata – Bia alienata
  2. T. ambigua – Tragiella natalensis
  3. T. anisosepala – Cnesmone anisosepala
  4. T. anomala – Tragiella anomala
  5. T. arborea – Acalypha filiformis
  6. T. bailloniana – Zuckertia cordata
  7. T. bicornis – Microstachys corniculata
  8. T. bracteata – Omphalea bracteata
  9. T. buettneri – Dalechampia ipomoeifolia
  10. T. burmanica – Megistostigma burmanicum
  11. T. castaneifolia – Acalypha integrifolia subsp. marginata
  12. T. chamaelea – Microstachys chamaelea
  13. T. cissoides – Bia alienata
  14. T. colorata – Acalypha integrifolia
  15. T. corniculata – Microstachys corniculata
  16. T. delpyana – Pachystylidium hirsutum
  17. T. dentata (Alain) Alain 1971 not Klotzsch ex Pax & K.Hoffm. 1919 – Platygyna dentata
  18. T. elliptica – Shirakiopsis elliptica
  19. T. fallax – Bia fallax
  20. T. fendleri – Bia fendleri
  21. T. filiformis – Cleidion javanicum
  22. T. frieseana – Tragiella frieseana
  23. T. fruticosa – Acalypha integrifolia
  24. T. gagei – Pachystylidium hirsutum
  25. T. grandifolia – Adenophaedra grandifolia
  26. T. guayanensis – Monadelpha guayanensis
  27. T. hastata Reinw. ex Hassk. 1868 not (Klotzsch) Müll.Arg. 1874 – Cnesmone javanica
  28. T. hexandra – Platygyna hexandra
  29. T. hirsuta – Pachystylidium hirsutum
  30. T. howardii – Platygyna volubilis
  31. T. innocua Blanco 1845 not Walter 1788 – Alchornea rugosa
  32. T. integerrima – Sclerocroton integerrimus
  33. T. integrifolia – Acalypha integrifolia
  34. T. irritans – Pachystylidium hirsutum
  35. T. japurensis – Bia fendleri
  36. T. laevis – Cnesmone laevis
  37. T. leonis – Platygyna leonis
  38. T. lessertiana – Bia lessertiana
  39. T. lobata – Acalypha integrifolia
  40. T. macrophylla – Cnesmone javanica
  41. T. mairei – Cnesmone mairei
  42. T. marginata – Acalypha integrifolia
  43. T. mercurialis – Micrococca mercurialis
  44. T. natalensis Hochst. – Sclerocroton integerrimus
  45. T. natalensis Sond. – Tragiella natalensis
  46. T. obovata – Platygyna obovata
  47. T. obtusata – Acalypha integrifolia
  48. T. odorata – Acalypha integrifolia
  49. T. parvifolia (Alain) Alain 1971 not Pax 1894 – Platygyna parvifolia
  50. T. philippinensis – Cnesmone philippinensis
  51. T. pilosa – Microstachys corniculata
  52. T. pruricus – Platygyna hexandra
  53. T. reticulata – Acalypha filiformis
  54. T. rubiginosa – Chicomendes rubiginosus
  55. T. rugosa – Cnesmone javanica
  56. T. salviifolia – Acalypha salviifolia
  57. T. saxatilis Bojer ex Pax 1924 – Acalypha spachiana
  58. T. schultzeana – Plukenetia africana
  59. T. sellowiana – Bia alienata
  60. T. shankii – Dalechampia shankii
  61. T. tenuis – Acalypha brachystachya
  62. T. triandra Müll.Arg. 1866 – Seidelia triandra
  63. T. triandra (Borhidi) Borhidi 1972 – Platygyna triandra
  64. T. villosa – Acalypha capensis

References

  1. ↑ lectotype designated by J. K. Small in N. L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2, 2: 458 (7 Jun 1913)
  2. 1 2 3 4 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. ↑ Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1–4: 1–1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  4. ↑ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
  5. ↑ Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
  6. ↑ Martínez Gordillo, M., J. J. Ramírez, R. C. Durán, E. J. Arriaga, R. García, A. Cervantes & R. M. Hernández. 2002. Los géneros de la familia Euphorbiaceae en México. Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Autón. México, Bot. 73(2): 155–281.
  7. ↑ Webster, G. L. & M.J. Huft. 1988. Revised synopsis of Panamanian Euphorbiaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75(3): 1087–1144
  8. ↑ NRCS. "Tragia". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  9. ↑ Duarte-Casar, Rodrigo; Romero-Benavides, Juan Carlos (10 December 2021). "Tragia L. Genus: Ethnopharmacological Use, Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activity". Plants. 10 (12): 2717. doi:10.3390/plants10122717. PMC 8705345. PMID 34961188.