Typhlichthys

Typhlichthys
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Division:	Teleostei
Order:	Percopsiformes
Family:	Amblyopsidae
Genus:	Typhlichthys; Girard, 1859

Typhlichthys is a small genus of troglomorphic cave fishes native to karst caves in eastern North America, with three recognized species:

Typhlichthys eigenmanni Charlton, 1933 (Salem Plateau Cavefish)
Typhlichthys subterraneus Girard, 1859 (Southern Cavefish)
Typhlichthys styx Brownstein, Watkins-Colwell, Policarpo, Harrington, Hoffman, Casane, and Near 2026 (Phantom Cavefish)

Species in the genus are all obligate troglomorphs, and last share a common ancestor with other amblyopsids in the Miocene, between 8 and 15 million years ago

References

↑ Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Typhlichthys". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 23 November 2025.
↑ Brownstein, Chase; Watkins-Colwell, Gregory; Policarpo, Maxime; Harrington, Richard; Hoffman, Eva; Casane, Didier; Near, Thomas (2026). "Aquifer-Mediated Speciation in Cave-Adapted Fishes". Integrative Organismal Biology. 8 (1) obag021. doi:10.1093/iob/obag021. PMC 13221641. PMID 42221688. Retrieved 12 July 2026.
↑ Brownstein, Chase D; Policarpo, Maxime; Harrington, Richard C; Hoffman, Eva A; Stokes, Maya F; Casane, Didier; Near, Thomas J (30 July 2025). "Convergent Evolution in Amblyopsid Cavefishes and the Age of Eastern North American Subterranean Ecosystems". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 42 (8) msaf185. doi:10.1093/molbev/msaf185. PMC 12375919. PMID 40852875.
↑ Hart, Pamela Beth; Rincon-Sandoval, Melissa; Melendez-Vazquez, Fernando; Armbruster, Jonathan W.; Troyer, Emily M.; Bierstein, Orran M.; Gough, Brendan J.; Betancur-R, Ricardo; Niemiller, Matthew L.; Arcila, Dahiana (16 July 2025). "Ancient climate changes and relaxed selection shape cave colonization in North American cavefishes". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 292 (2051) 20242516. doi:10.1098/rspb.2024.2516. PMID 40669076.

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[1] Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Typhlichthys". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 23 November 2025.

[2] Brownstein, Chase; Watkins-Colwell, Gregory; Policarpo, Maxime; Harrington, Richard; Hoffman, Eva; Casane, Didier; Near, Thomas (2026). "Aquifer-Mediated Speciation in Cave-Adapted Fishes". Integrative Organismal Biology. 8 (1) obag021. doi:10.1093/iob/obag021. PMC 13221641. PMID 42221688. Retrieved 12 July 2026.

[3] Brownstein, Chase D; Policarpo, Maxime; Harrington, Richard C; Hoffman, Eva A; Stokes, Maya F; Casane, Didier; Near, Thomas J (30 July 2025). "Convergent Evolution in Amblyopsid Cavefishes and the Age of Eastern North American Subterranean Ecosystems". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 42 (8) msaf185. doi:10.1093/molbev/msaf185. PMC 12375919. PMID 40852875.

[4] Hart, Pamela Beth; Rincon-Sandoval, Melissa; Melendez-Vazquez, Fernando; Armbruster, Jonathan W.; Troyer, Emily M.; Bierstein, Orran M.; Gough, Brendan J.; Betancur-R, Ricardo; Niemiller, Matthew L.; Arcila, Dahiana (16 July 2025). "Ancient climate changes and relaxed selection shape cave colonization in North American cavefishes". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 292 (2051) 20242516. doi:10.1098/rspb.2024.2516. PMID 40669076.