Voiced uvular tap and flap
| Voiced uvular tap or flap | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɢ̆ | |||
| ʀ̆ | |||
| IPA number | 112 505 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | ɢ̆ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+0262 U+0306 | ||
| X-SAMPA | G\_X | ||
| |||
A voiced uvular tap or flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. There is no dedicated symbol for this sound in the IPA. It can specified by adding the extra-short diacritic to the letter for the uvular plosive, ⟨ɢ̆⟩, but it is also often covered by the unmodified letter for the uvular trill, ⟨ʀ⟩, since the two have never been reported to contrast and a uvular tap or flap is not known to exist as a phoneme in any language.
In some languages a uvular tap is reported is said to vary allophonically with a uvular trill, and is most likely a single-contact trill [ʀ̆] rather than an actual tap or flap [ɢ̆] in these languages.
Features
Features of a voiced uvular tap or flap:
- Its manner of articulation is tap or flap, which means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (usually the tongue) is thrown against another.
- Its place of articulation is uvular, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the uvula.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
- It is a median consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most speech sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutch | rood | [ʀ̆oːt] | 'red' | More common than a uvular trill. Realization of /r/ varies considerably among dialects. See Dutch phonology | |
| English | Northumbrian | red | [ɢ̆ɛd] | 'red' | Tap, or also a tapped fricative, most usually a plain fricative. See Northumbrian burr |
| German | Standard | Ehre | [ˈʔeːʀ̆ə] | 'honor' | Common intervocalic realization of uvular trill. See Standard German phonology |
| Hiu | [βɔ̞ʀ̆] | 'hibiscus' | |||
| Ibibio | ufʌkọ | [úfʌ̟̀ɢ̆ɔ̞] | 'summary' | Intervocalic allophone of /k/; may be a velar approximant [ɰ] instead. | |
| Limburgish | Hasselt dialect | weuren | [ˈβ̞øːʀ̆ən] | '(they) were' | Possible intervocalic allophone of /r/; may be alveolar [ɾ] instead. See Hasselt dialect phonology |
| Okanagan | Southern | ʕaləp | [ɢ̆àlə́p] | 'lose' | Allophone of /ʕ/; corresponds to [ʕ] in other dialects. |
| Supyire | tadugugo | [taduɢ̆uɢ̆o] | 'place to go up' | May be in free variation with [ɡ]. | |
| Wahgi | [example needed] | Allophone of /ʟ̝/. | |||
| Yiddish | Standard | בריק | [bʀ̆ɪk] | 'bridge' | Less commonly a trill [ʀ]; can be alveolar [ɾ ~ r] instead. See Yiddish phonology |
Tapped fricative
| Voiced uvular tapped fricative | |
|---|---|
| ʁ̆ |
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | Northumbrian | red | [ʁ̆ɛd] | 'red' | Tap, or also a tapped fricative, most usually a plain fricative. See Northumbrian burr |
| Scots | [example needed] | Possible realization of /r/. Tapped fricative, also can be a trilled instead. | |||
Notes
- ↑ Bruce Connell, Lower Cross Wordlist
- ↑ Collins & Mees (2003), pp. 42, 199.
- ↑ Collins & Mees (2003), p. 42.
- ↑ Gąsiorowski, Piotr (2006). "A Shibboleth upon Their Tongues: Early English /r/ Revisited". Studia Anglica Posnaniensia. 42: 63–76. hdl:10593/2383.
- ↑ Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English 2: The British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 368. ISBN 0-521-24224-X.
- ↑ Påhlsson, C. (1972) The Northumbrian Burr. Lund: Gleerup.
- 1 2 Lodge (2009), p. 46.
- ↑ François (2005), p. 44.
- 1 2 Urua (2004), p. 106.
- 1 2 Peters (2006), p. 118.
- 1 2 Kinkade (1967), p. 232.
- 1 2 Carlson (1994), p. 10.
- 1 2 Phillips (1976), p. ?.
- 1 2 Kleine (2003), p. 263.
- ↑ Gąsiorowski, Piotr (2006). "A Shibboleth upon Their Tongues: Early English /r/ Revisited". Artykuły naukowe (WA). hdl:10593/2383 – via Adam Mickiewicz University Repository.
- ↑ Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English 2: The British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 368. ISBN 0-521-24224-X.
- ↑ Påhlsson, C. (1972) The Northumbrian Burr. Lund: Gleerup.
- ↑ Szpyra-Kozłowska, Jolanta (2018). "The rhotic in fake and authentic Polish-accented English". Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature. 42 (1): 81–102. doi:10.17951/lsmll.2018.42.1.81. ISSN 2450-4580.
References
 |
- Carlson, Robert (1994), A Grammar of Supyire, Walter de Gruyter
- Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2003) [First published 1981], The Phonetics of English and Dutch (5th ed.), Leiden: Brill Publishers, ISBN 9004103406
- François, Alexandre (2005), "Unraveling the history of the vowels of seventeen northern Vanuatu languages", Oceanic Linguistics, 44 (2): 443–504, doi:10.1353/ol.2005.0034, S2CID 131668754
- Kinkade, M. Dale (1967), "Uvular-Pharyngeal Resonants in Interior Salish", International Journal of American Linguistics, 33 (3): 228–234, doi:10.1086/464965, S2CID 144719970
- Kleine, Ane (2003), "Standard Yiddish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 261–265, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001385
- Lodge, Ken (2009), A Critical Introduction to Phonetics, Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-8264-8873-2
- Peters, Jörg (2006), "The dialect of Hasselt", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (1): 117–124, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002428
- Phillips, Donald J. (1976), Wahgi Phonology and Morphology, Australian National University, ISBN 9780858831414
- Urua, Eno-Abasi E. (2004), "Ibibio", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 105–109, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001550
