| Murrumbidgee Group | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Early Devonian (Pragian–Emsian) | |
| Type | Geological group |
| Sub-units | Cavan Limestone, Majurgong Formation, Taemas Limestone |
| Underlies | Hatchery Creek Group |
| Overlies | Black Range Group |
| Thickness | Between 1,000 m (3,300 ft) and 1,100 m (3,600 ft) (Taemas Limestone in the Goodradigbee Valley) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Limestone |
| Other | Siltstone, sandstone, shale, quartzite |
| Location | |
| Location | Yass Valley, New South Wales |
| Coordinates | 34°58′35″S 148°37′23″E / 34.976389°S 148.623056°E |
| Region | New South Wales |
| Country | Australia |
The Murrumbidgee Group is an Early Devonian (Pragian–Emsian) geologic group located around the Burrinjuck Dam in Yass Valley LGA, New South Wales, Australia, near the border with the Australian Capital Territory. The Burrinjuck area has been said to possess immense national and international significance and preserve a diverse fauna comparable to those of World Heritage listed sites. This fauna is indeed quite speciose even if fossils tend to be mainly isolated yet finely preserved bones, and not only includes placoderms and other fishes, but also corals, bryozoans, stromatoporoids, brachiopods, gastropods, nautiloids and trilobites.
In the Taemas-Wee Jasper area, the Murrumbidgee Group comprises of three formations: The oldest Cavan Limestone, the middle Majurgong Formation, and the youngest Taemas Limestone Formation. In addition, the Taemas section is split into six constituent members. The Cavan Limestone is also known as the Cavan Bluff Limestone, although this name has fallen out of use as it can cause confusion with the more restricted term 'Bluff Limestone' used by previous workers.
The Cavan Limestone is composed of three subdivisions; a lower 48 metres (157 ft) section made of flaggy limestone and shale; 48 metres (157 ft) of a middle 'Bluff limestone', and 32 metres (105 ft) of thinly-bedded limestone in the upper strata. The designated type section is at Clear Hill within the Cavan area, under the power cables there. Similarities between the Taemas-Cavan and Wee Jasper areas suggest that either preservation akin to a coastline, or a broad tidal flat, was the likely depositional environment of the Cavan Limestone.
The Majurgong Formation, a non-calcareous unit consisting primarily of lithic sandstones and shale, features sedimentary structures which preserve cross-bedding and ripple marks. Except in road cuttings in the lower strata where brachiopods and gastropods are known from, the majority of the formation is unfossiliferous. These perhaps suggest brackish water conditions, supporting the interpretation that the Majurgong Formation as being a non-marine deposit, an interruption of the usually shallow and marine deposition within the Murrumbidgee Group, possibly being laid in an estuarine environment. The Majurgong Formation is about 120 metres (390 ft) in the Wee Jasper area.
The Taemas Limestone starts with its oldest bed, the Spirifer yassensis Limestone Member, which grades out of the uppermost Majurgong Formation. It is the lowest of the six members of the formation. Similar to the Bloomfield Limestone Member, which is the third lowest, the S. yassensis Member consists of calcareous shales and interbedded limestones, and its outcrops tend to be regressive in nature. This is in stark contrast to the Currajong and Receptaculites Limestone Members (5th and 3rd highest respectively), which showcase small reefal bodies within the Goodradigbee valley. Near Taemas-Good Hope, similar large Receptaculites beds are found within the eastern limestone outcrop. The Taemas Formation is thicker in the western Goodradigbee valley 1,000–1,100 metres (3,300–3,600 ft), compared to the east where it measures only ~800 metres (2,600 ft).
Below is a table of the full stratigraphical layout of the Murrumbidgee Group in the eastern outcrop:
| Murrumbidgee Group | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Stage | Formation | Member (Mbr) | Other |
| Emsian | Taemas | Crinoidal Limestone Mbr | 'Upper Reef Formation' |
| Warroo Limestone Mbr | |||
| Receptaculites Limestone Mbr | |||
| Bloomfield Limestone Mbr | |||
| Currajong Limestone Mbr | |||
| Spinella yassensis Limestone Mbr | |||
| Majurgong | |||
| Uppermost Pragian–Emsian | Cavan | ||
Color key
|
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text
crossed out taxa are discredited.
| Chondrichthyans of the Murrumbidgee Group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Horizon | Clade | Images |
| Cambaracanthus
(Junior synonym of Taemasacanthus) |
C. goodhopensis | Cavan | Ischnacanthiformes, | |
| Cavanacanthus
(Junior synonym of Taemasacanthus) |
C. warrooensis | Cavan | Ischnacanthiformes, | |
| Cheiracanthoides | C. comptus | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Climatiiformes,Climatiidae | |
| Ohiolepis | O. sp. | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Elasmobranchii,
incertae sedis |
|
| "Skamolepis" | S. fragilis | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Chondrichthyes, incertae sedis | |
| Taemasacanthus | T. cooradigbeensis | Currajong Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Ischnacanthiformes, | |
| T. erroli | Cavan & S. yassensis Mbr, Taemas | |||
| T. narrengullenensis | Currajong & Bloomfield Limestone Mbrs, Taemas | |||
| T. porca | Cavan | |||
| T. cf. erroli | Currajong Limestone Mbr, Taemas | |||
| Placoderms of the Murrumbidgee Group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Horizon | Clade | Images |
| Arenipiscis | A. westolli | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Arthrodira, | |
| Bimbianga | B. burrinjuckensis | Cavan & S. yassensis Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Arthrodira, | |
| Brindabellaspis | B. stensioi | Bloomfield–Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Brindabellaspida, | |
| Buchanosteus | B. confertituberculatus | S. yassensis & Receptaculites Limestone Mbrs, Taemas | Arthrodira, | |
| Burrinjucosteus | B. asymmetricus | S. yassensis to Warroo Limestone Mbrs, Taemas | Arthrodira, | |
| Cathlesichthys | C. weejasperensis | Upper Bloomfield/Lower Receptaculites Limestone Mbrs, Taemas | Arthrodira, | |
| Cavanosteus | C. australis | Probably Cavan; S. yassensis Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Arthrodira, | |
| Dhanguura | D. johnstoni | Lower part of Unit 6, matching up with Crinoidal Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Arthrodira,
Brachythoraci incertae sedis |
|
| Elvaspis | E. tuberculata | Bloomfield–Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Arthrodira, | |
| E. whitei | ||||
| Errolosteus | E. goodradigbeensis | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Arthrodira, | |
| Goodradigbeeon | G. australianum | Cavan; S. yassensis Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Arthrodira, | |
| Lunaspis | L. sp. | Uncertain, not mentioned in Young 1985 | Petalichthyida, | |
| Murrindalaspis | M. wallacei | Near Taemas Bridge (unknown unit) | Acanthothoraci, | |
| Notopetalichthys | N. hillsi | Likely Cavan, as the remains were described from Coodravale | Petalichthyida, | |
| Ohioaspis | O. tumulosa | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Incertae sedis
(Rhenanida?) |
|
| Parabuchanosteus | P. murrumbidgeensis | S. yassensis, Bloomfield to possibly Crinoidal or Warroo Limestone Mbrs, Taemas. Possibly also Cavan. | Arthrodira, | |
| Richardosteus | R. barwickorum | Uncertain, not stated in description paper | Arthrodira, | |
| Shearsbyaspis | S. oepiki | S. yassensis Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Petalichthyida,
incertae sedis |
|
| Taemasosteus | T. novaustrocambricus | S. yassensis Limestone Mbr and above, Taemas, and Cavan | Arthrodira, | |
| Toombsosteus | T. denisoni | Uncertain; stated to be on the shore at south-east end of Goodradigbee Lake, east of the track from Barber’s and Wee Jasper ends | Arthrodira, | |
| Weejasperaspis | W. gavini | Receptaculites, Receptaculites-Bloomfield boundary, and possibly Crinoidal Limestone Mbrs, Taemas | Acanthothoraci, | |
| Williamsaspis | W. bedfordi | Uncertain; Goodradigbee River | Arthrodira, | |
| Wijdeaspis | W. warrooensis | Middle of Crinoidal Limestone Mbr, Taemas, and either uppermost Crinoidal Limestone Mbr, Taemas, or overlying tuffs and shales | Petalichthyida,
incertae sedis |
|
| Sarcopterygians of the Murrumbidgee Group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Horizon | Clade | Images |
| Cathlorhynchus | C. trismodipterus | Currajong Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Dipnoi, | |
| Dipnorhynchus | D. cathlesae | Lowermost part of the upper part of the Taemas Limestone. This section has common marine macrofossils, and abundant tabulate & rugose corals (level uncertain) | Dipnoi, | |
| D. kurikae | Currajong to Receptaculites Limestone Mbrs, Taemas | |||
| D. sussmilchi | S. yassensis Mbr, Taemas. | |||
| Onychodus | O. yassensis | Bloomfield Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Onychodontiformes, | |
| O. sp. | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | |||
| Speonesydrion | S. iani | Bloomfield–Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Dipnoi, | |
| Other fauna of the Murrumbidgee Group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Horizon | Clade | Images |
| Ligulalepis | L. toombsi | Bloomfield–Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Osteichthyes, | |
| Turinia | sp. cf. T. australiensis | Uppermost Cavan and basal Majurgong Formations | Thelodontiformes, | |
Color key
|
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text
crossed out taxa are discredited.
| Brachiopods of the Murrumbidgee Group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Horizon | Clade | Images |
| Adrenia | A. cernua | Receptaculites & Warroo Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas |
Terebratulida, | |
| A. expansa | ||||
| Ambothyris | A. runnegari | Receptaculites & Warroo Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas |
Spiriferida, | |
| Anatrypa | A. erectirostris | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr,
Taemas |
Atrypida, | |
| Athyris | A. waratahensis | Cavan; S. yassensis & Receptaculites Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas |
Athyridida, | |
| Atrypa | A. penelopeae | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr,
Taemas |
Atrypida, | |
| Aulacella | A. philipi | Warroo Limestone Mbr,
Taemas |
Orthida, | |
| A. stoermeri | Receptaculites & Warroo Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas | |||
| Browneella | B. browneae | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr,
Taemas |
Rhynchonellida, | |
| Callipleura | ?C. sp. | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr,
Taemas |
Rhynchonellida, | |
| Coelospira | C. dayi | Receptaculites & Warroo Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas |
Spiriferida, | |
| Craniops | C. australis | Receptaculites & Warroo Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas |
Craniopsida, | |
| Cydimia | C. parva | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr,
Taemas |
Terebratulida, | |
| C. robertsi | ||||
| Cyrtinopsis | C. aff. C. cooperi | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr,
Taemas |
Spiriferida, | |
| Cyrtina | C. aff. C. wellingtonensis | Receptaculites & Warroo Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas |
Spiriferida, | |
| Cymostrophia | C. dickinsi | Receptaculites & Warroo Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas |
Strophomenida, | |
| C. multicostella | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr,
Taemas | |||
| Delthyris | D. hudsoni | Receptaculites & Warroo Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas |
Spiriferida, | |
| Eoglossinotoechia | E. linki | Receptaculites & Warroo Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas |
Rhynchonellida, | |
| Howellella | H. aff. H. textilis | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr,
Taemas |
Spiriferida, | |
| Howittia | H. howitti | From Cavan up to Warroo Limestone Mbr,
Taemas |
Spiriferida, | |
| H. multiplicata | From Cavan up to Receptaculites Limestone Mbr,
Taemas | |||
| Hysterolites | H. sp. | Receptaculites & Warroo Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas |
Spiriferida, | |
| Isorthis | I. spedeni | Warroo Limestone Mbr,
Taemas |
Orthida, | |
| Leptostrophia | L. clarkei | Receptaculites & Warroo Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas |
Strophomenida, | |
| Malurostrophia | M. aura | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr,
Taemas |
Strophomenida, | |
| M. bella | Warroo Limestone Mbr,
Taemas | |||
| M. flabellicauda | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr,
Taemas | |||
| M. flabellicauda reverta | ||||
| M. minima | Receptaculites & Warroo Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas | |||
| Micidus | ?M. glaber | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr,
Taemas |
Terebratulida, | |
| M. shandkyddi | Receptaculites & Warroo Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas |
|||
| Muriferella | M. hillae | Warroo Limestone Mbr,
Taemas |
Orthida, | |
| Parachonetes | P. flemingi | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr,
Taemas |
Strophomenida, | |
| P. konincki | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr,
Taemas | |||
| Protochonetes | P. culleni | S. yassensis & Receptaculites Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas |
Strophomenida, | |
| P. latus | Receptaculites & Warroo Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas | |||
| Pugnax | ’P.’ oepiki | Receptaculites & Warroo Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas |
Rhynchonellida, | |
| Resserella | R. careyi | Warroo Limestone Mbr,
Taemas |
Orthida, | |
| Salopina | S. kemezysi | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr,
Taemas |
Orthida, | |
| Septachonetes | S. melanus | Warroo Limestone Mbr,
Taemas |
Strophomenida, | |
| Schuchertella | S. murphyi | Receptaculites & Warroo Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas |
Strophomenida, | |
| Spinella | S. yassensis | S. yassensis & Receptaculites Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas |
Spiriferida, | |
| Spinulicosta | S. campbelli | Receptaculites & Warroo Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas |
Strophomenida, | |
| Taemostrophia | T. patmorei | Receptaculites & Warroo Limestone Mbrs,
Taemas |
Strophomenida, | |
| Quadrithyrina | Q. allani | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr,
Taemas |
Spiriferida, | |
| Gastropods of the Murrumbidgee Group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Horizon | Clade | Images |
| Arizonella | ?A. conoidea | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Gastropoda incertae sedis, | |
| Bembexia | B. micula | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Pleurotomariida, | |
| B. sp. | ||||
| Coelocyclus | C. hadroni | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Bellerophontida, | |
| Coelozone | ?C. sp. | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Pleurotomariida, | |
| Hemizyga | H. (Hyphantozyga) granifera | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Caenogastropoda, | |
| Hesperiella | H. sp. | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Pleurotomariida, | |
| Holopea | H. protoni | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Vetigastropoda, | |
| Ianthinopsis | I. ornatus | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Caenogastropoda, | |
| Leptoptygma | L. australe | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Caenogastropoda, | |
| Loxonema | L. altacostatum | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Pleurotomariida, | |
| Mesocoelia | M. quarki | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Pleurotomariida, | |
| Michelia | M. darwini | Uncertain | Pleurotomariida, | |
| Mitchellia | M. striatula | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Gastropoda incertae sedis, | |
| Mourlonia | M. subglobosa | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Pleurotomariida, | |
| Murchisonia | M. (M.) fermioni | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Pleurotomariida, | |
| M. (M.) turris | ||||
| Naticopsis | N. (N.) taemasensis | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Cycloneritida, | |
| Oehlertia | O. pioni | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Pleurotomariida, | |
| Palaeozygopleura | P. muoni | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Pleurotomariida, | |
| Platyceras | P. (P.) sp. A | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Neritimorpha, | |
| P. (P.) sp. B | ||||
| Ptychosphaera | P. convolutus | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Bellerophontida, | |
| Retispira | R. retifera | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Bellerophontida, | |
| Stegocoelia | S. (S.) bononi | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Pleurotomariida, | |
| Straparollus | S. (Euomphalus) leptoni | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Pleurotomariida, | |
| ?S. (Serpulospira) sp. | ||||
| Subulites | S. (Fusispira) sp. | Uncertain | Caenogastropoda, | |
| Taemasotrochus | T. giganticus | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Archaeogastropoda, | |
| Trochonema | ?T. nodosa | Cave Flat Limestone | Trochonematoidea, | |
| T. sp. | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | |||
| Tropidodiscus | T. centrifugalis | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Bellerophontida, | |
| Umbotropis | U. mesoni | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Pleurotomariida, | |
| Operculum gen. et. | sp. indet. | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | ?Pleurotomariida, | |
| Trilobites of the Murrumbidgee Group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Horizon | Clade | Images |
| Apocalymene | A. quadrilobata | S. yassensis Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Phacopida, | |
| Otarion | O. dabrowni | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Proetida, | |
| Phacops | P. spedeni | Receptaculites Limestone Mbr, Taemas | Phacopida, | |