est un cheval encore primitif possédant trois doigts et non un seul comme les chevaux actuels,,,,. Il s'agit d'un animal herbivore se nourrissant principalement de plante pratiquant la fixation du carbone en C3 et devait vivre en groupe,,,,,,. Il s'agit d'un petit équidé ne devant pas dépasser les 40 kg ce qui correspond aux principes de la règle de Bergmann,,,,,,,,,.
Il existe à ce jour une septième espèce de Pseudhipparion qui est la plus ancienne de toutes mais qui reste non décrite.
Notes et références
↑R. C. Hulbert, N. J. Czaplewski et S. D. Webb, «New records of Pseudhipparion simpsoni (Mammalia, Equidae) from the late Hemphillian of Oklahoma and Florida», Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, vol.25, no3, , p.737 (DOI10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0737:NROPSM]2.0.CO;2, S2CID129964988)
↑Stephanie R. Killingsworth et Bruce J. MacFadden, «Species occurrences of Mio-Pliocene horses (Equidae) from Florida: sampling, ecology, or both?», Paleobiology, vol.50, no2, , p.364–375 (ISSN0094-8373, DOI10.1017/pab.2023.35, lire en ligne)
↑(en) Kaitlin Clare Maguire et Alycia L. Stigall, «Using ecological niche modeling for quantitative biogeographic analysis: a case study of Miocene and Pliocene Equinae in the Great Plains», Paleobiology, vol.35, no4, , p.587–611 (ISSN0094-8373, DOI10.1666/0094-8373-35.4.587, lire en ligne)
↑Benjamin H. Passey, Thure E. Cerling, Michael E. Perkins, Michael R. Voorhies, John M. Harris et Shane T. Tucker, «Environmental Change in the Great Plains: An Isotopic Record from Fossil Horses», The Journal of Geology, vol.110, no2, , p.123–140 (ISSN0022-1376, DOI10.1086/338280, lire en ligne)
↑Bruce J. MacFadden, «Geographic variation in diets of ancient populations of 5-million-year-old (early Pliocene) horses from southern North America», Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.266, no1, , p.83–94 (ISSN0031-0182, DOI10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.03.019, lire en ligne)
12S. David Webb et Richard C. Hulbert, Vertebrates, Phylogeny, and Philosophy, Laramie, WY, University of Wyoming, 237–272p. (ISBN0-941570-02-9), «Systematics and evolution ofPseudhipparion(Mammalia, Equidae) from the late Neogene of the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Great Plains»
12R. F. Diffendal, North-Central Section of the Geological Society of America, Geological Society of America, , 29–34p. (ISBN0-8137-5403-8), «Ash Hollow State Historical Park»
12Nicholas Famoso et Darrin Pagnac, «A Comparison of the Clarendonian Equid Assemblages from the Mission Pit, South Dakota and Ashfall Fossil Beds, Nebraska», Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies, (lire en ligne)
12(en) John D. Orcutt, Christiana J. Schmer, Jeffrey P. Lubisich, Lacy T. Abrams et Nicholas A. Famoso, «New occurrences of mammals from McKay Reservoir (Hemphillian, Oregon)», Journal of Paleontology, vol.98, no3, , p.420–431 (ISSN0022-3360, DOI10.1017/jpa.2023.98, lire en ligne)
12Michael Calvello, Mammalian Fauna From The Fullerton Gravel Pit (Ogallala Group, Late Miocene), Morton County, Kansas (thèse), Fort Hays State University (lire en ligne)
12Ann Forsten, «The Fossil Horses from the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain», Journal of Paleontology, vol.49, no2, , p.395–399 (ISSN0022-3360, lire en ligne)
↑S. David Webb et Richard C. Hulbert, Vertebrates, Phylogeny, and Philosophy, Laramie, WY, University of Wyoming, , 237–272p. (ISBN0941570029, DOI10.2113/gsrocky.24.special_paper_3.237), «Systematics and evolution ofPseudhipparion(Mammalia, Equidae) from the late Neogene of the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Great Plains»
↑S. David Webb et Richard C., JR. Hulbert, «Systematics and evolution of Pseudhipparion (Mammalia, Equidae) from the late Neogene of the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Great Plains», dans Vertebrates, Phylogeny, and Philosophy, University of Wyoming, , 0p. (ISBN978-0-9897626-2-5, DOI10.2113/gsrocky.24.special_paper_3.237, lire en ligne)