Isotopen van kwik
Het chemisch element kwik (Hg), met een atoommassa van 200,59(2) u, bezit 7 stabiele isotopen: 196Hg, 198Hg, 199Hg, 200Hg, 201Hg, 202Hg en 204Hg, waarvan de voorlaatste het meest abundant is (ongeveer 29,9%). De 36 radio-isotopen zijn onstabiel en hebben een relatief korte halfwaardetijd (de meeste minder dan een seconde). Alle stabiele isotopen worden ervan verdacht α-verval te ondergaan tot stabiele isotopen van platina.
De kortstlevende isotoop van kwik is 171Hg, met een halfwaardetijd van ongeveer 80 microseconden. De langstlevende is 194Hg, met een halfwaardetijd van 444 jaar.
Overzicht
| Nuclide | Z (p) | N (n) | Isotopische massa (u) | Halveringstijd | Radioactief verval | VP | Kernspin | Isotopische verhouding (molfractie) |
Natuurlijk voorkomen (molfractie) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitatie-energie | |||||||||
| 171Hg | 80 | 91 | 171,00376(32) | 80(30) µs | 3/2− | ||||
| 172Hg | 80 | 92 | 171,99883(22) | 420(240) µs | 0 | ||||
| 173Hg | 80 | 93 | 172,99724(22) | 1,1(4) ms | 3/2− | ||||
| 174Hg | 80 | 94 | 173,992864(21) | 2,0(4) ms | 0+ | ||||
| 175Hg | 80 | 95 | 174,99142(11) | 10,8(4) ms | α | 171Pt | 5/2− | ||
| 176Hg | 80 | 96 | 175,987355(15) | 20,4(15) ms | α (98,6%) | 172Pt | 0+ | ||
| β+ (1,4%) | 176Au | ||||||||
| 177Hg | 80 | 97 | 176,98628(8) | 127,3(18) ms | α (85%) | 173Pt | 5/2− | ||
| β+ (15%) | 177Au | ||||||||
| 178Hg | 80 | 98 | 177,982483(14) | 0,269(3) s | α (70%) | 174Pt | 0+ | ||
| β+ (30%) | 178Au | ||||||||
| 179Hg | 80 | 99 | 178,981834(29) | 1,09(4) s | α (53%) | 175Pt | 5/2− | ||
| β+ (47%) | 179Au | ||||||||
| β+, p (0,15%) | 178Pt | ||||||||
| 180Hg | 80 | 100 | 179,978266(15) | 2,58(1) s | β+ (52%) | 180Au | 0+ | ||
| α (48%) | 176Pt | ||||||||
| 181Hg | 80 | 101 | 180,977819(17) | 3,6(1) s | β+ (64%) | 181Au | 1/2− | ||
| α (36%) | 177Pt | ||||||||
| β+, p (0,014%) | 180Pt | ||||||||
| β+, α (9 × 10−6%) | 177Ir | ||||||||
| 181mHg | 210(40) keV | 13/2+ | |||||||
| 182Hg | 80 | 102 | 181,97469(1) | 10,83(6) s | β+ (84,8%) | 182Au | 0+ | ||
| α (15,2%) | 178Pt | ||||||||
| β+, p (10−5%) | 181Pt | ||||||||
| 183Hg | 80 | 103 | 182,974450(9) | 9,4(7) s | β+ (74,5%) | 183Au | 1/2− | ||
| α (25,5%) | 179Pt | ||||||||
| β+, p (5,6 × 10−4%) | 182Pt | ||||||||
| 183m1Hg | 198(14) keV | 13/2+ | |||||||
| 183m2Hg | 240(40) keV | 5 s | β+ | 183Au | 13/2+ | ||||
| 184Hg | 80 | 104 | 183,971713(11) | 30,6(3) s | β+ (98,89%) | 184Au | 0+ | ||
| α (1,11%) | 180Pt | ||||||||
| 185Hg | 80 | 105 | 184,971899(17) | 49,1(10) s | β+ (94%) | 185Au | 1/2− | ||
| α (6%) | 181Pt | ||||||||
| 185mHg | 99,3(5) keV | 21,6(15) s | IT (54%) | 185Hg | 13/2+ | ||||
| β+ (46%) | 185Au | ||||||||
| α (0,03%) | 181Pt | ||||||||
| 186Hg | 80 | 106 | 185,969362(12) | 1,38(6) min | β+ (99,92%) | 186Au | 0+ | ||
| α (0,016%) | 182Pt | ||||||||
| 186mHg | 2217,3(4) keV | 82(5) µs | (8−) | ||||||
| 187Hg | 80 | 107 | 186,969814(15) | 1,9(3) min | β+ | 187Au | 3/2− | ||
| α (1,2 × 10−4%) | 183Pt | ||||||||
| 187mHg | 59(16) keV | 2,4(3) min | β+ | 187Au | 13/2+ | ||||
| α (2,5 × 10−4%) | 183Pt | ||||||||
| 188Hg | 80 | 108 | 187,967577(12) | 3,25(15) min | β+ | 188Au | 0+ | ||
| α (3,7 × 10−5%) | 184Pt | ||||||||
| 188mHg | 2724,3(4) keV | 134(15) ns | (12+) | ||||||
| 189Hg | 80 | 109 | 188,96819(4) | 7,6(1) min | β+ | 189Au | 3/2− | ||
| α (3 × 10−5%) | 185Pt | ||||||||
| 189mHg | 80(30) keV | 8,6(1) min | β+ | 189Au | 13/2+ | ||||
| α (3 × 10−5%) | 185Pt | ||||||||
| 190Hg | 80 | 110 | 189,966322(17) | 20,0(5) min | β+ | 190Au | 0+ | ||
| α (5 × 10−5%) | 186Pt | ||||||||
| 191Hg | 80 | 111 | 190,967157(24) | 49(10) min | β+ | 191Au | 3/2− | ||
| 191mHg | 128(22) keV | 50,8(15) min | β+ | 191Au | 13/2+ | ||||
| 192Hg | 80 | 112 | 191,965634(17) | 4,85(20) uur | EV | 192Au | 0+ | ||
| α (4 × 10−6%) | 188Pt | ||||||||
| 193Hg | 80 | 113 | 192,966665(17) | 3,80(15) uur | β+ | 193Au | 3/2− | ||
| 193mHg | 140,76(5) keV | 11,8(2) uur | β+ (92,9%) | 193Au | 13/2+ | ||||
| IT (7,1%) | 193Hg | ||||||||
| 194Hg | 80 | 114 | 193,965439(13) | 444(77) jaar | EV | 194Au | 0+ | ||
| 195Hg | 80 | 115 | 194,966720(25) | 10,53(3) uur | β+ | 195Au | 1/2− | ||
| 195mHg | 176,07(4) keV | 41,6(8) uur | IT (54,2%) | 195Hg | 13/2+ | ||||
| β+ (45,8%) | 195Au | ||||||||
| 196Hg | 80 | 116 | 195,965833(3) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,0015(1) | |||
| 197Hg | 80 | 117 | 196,967213(3) | 64,14(5) uur | EV | 197Au | 1/2− | ||
| 197mHg | 298,93(8) keV | 23,8(1) uur | IT (91,4%) | 197Hg | 13/2+ | ||||
| EV (8,6%) | 197Au | ||||||||
| 198Hg | 80 | 118 | 197,9667690(4) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,0997(20) | |||
| 199Hg | 80 | 119 | 198,9682799(4) | stabiel | 1/2− | 0,1687(22) | |||
| 199mHg | 532,48(10) keV | 42,66(8) min | IT | 199Hg | 13/2+ | ||||
| 200Hg | 80 | 120 | 199,9683260(4) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,2310(19) | |||
| 201Hg | 80 | 121 | 200,9703023(6) | stabiel | 3/2− | 0,1318(9) | |||
| 201mHg | 766,22(15) keV | 94(3) µs | 13/2+ | ||||||
| 202Hg | 80 | 122 | 201,9706430(6) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,2986(26) | |||
| 203Hg | 80 | 123 | 202,9728725(18) | 46,595(6) dagen | β− | 203Tl | 5/2− | ||
| 203mHg | 933,14(23) keV | 24(4) µs | (13/2+) | ||||||
| 204Hg | 80 | 124 | 203,9734939(4) | stabiel | 0+ | 0,0687(15) | |||
| 205Hg | 80 | 125 | 204,976073(4) | 5,14(9) min | β− | 205Tl | 1/2− | ||
| 205mHg | 1556,40(17) keV | 1,09(4) ms | IT | 205Hg | 13/2+ | ||||
| 206Hg | 80 | 126 | 205,977514(22) | 8,15(10) min | β− | 206Tl | 0+ | ||
| 207Hg | 80 | 127 | 206,98259(16) | 2,9(2) min | β− | 207Tl | (9/2+) | ||
| 208Hg | 80 | 128 | 207,98594(32) | 42(5) min | β− | 208Tl | 0+ | ||
| 209Hg | 80 | 129 | 208,99104(21) | 37(8) s | 9/2+ | ||||
| 210Hg | 80 | 130 | 209,99451(32) | 10 min | 0+ | ||||
Overzicht van isotopen per element
| 1 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | 2 | Periodiek systeem | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | He | |||||||||
| 2 | Li | Be | De links verwijzen naar isotopen per element | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | |||||||||
| 3 | Na | Mg | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar |
| 4 | K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr |
| 5 | Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe |
| 6 | Cs | Ba | ↓ | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn |
| 7 | Fr | Ra | ↓↓ | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og |
| Lanthanoïden | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | |||
| Actinoïden | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | |||
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
- (en) R.B. Firestone, S.Y. Frank Chu & C.M. Baglin (1999) - Table of Isotopes (online versie van de cd-rom)
- (en) G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot & O. Bersillon (2003) - The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuclear Physics A, 729, pp. 3-128
- (en) J.R. de Laeter, J.K. Böhlke, P. De Bièvre, H. Hidaka, H.S. Peiser, K.J.R. Rosman & P.D.P. Taylor (2003) - Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75 (6), pp. 683–800
- (en) M.E. Wieser (2006) - Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report), Pure and Applied Chemistry, 78 (11), pp. 2051–2066
- (en) David R. Lide (2004) - CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.), hoofdstuk 11, CRC Press - ISBN 978-0849304859
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