Alveolar ejective fricative

Alveolar ejective fricative
Alveolar ejective fricative
sʼ
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An alveolar ejective fricative is a sound used in some spoken languages. The IPA letter for this sound is ⟨s’⟩. It is not in English.

Characteristics

The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive). This means that the air is forced out by pushing the glottis upward.
The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is alveolar. This means that this sound is produced with the tip of the tongue (apical) or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge (laminal).
The manner of articulation (how the sound is produced) is fricative. This means that this sound is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, to make turbulence.
It is an oral consonant. This means that air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
It is a central consonant. This means that this sound is produced by directing the air along the center of the tongue, but not to the sides.

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Adyghe	Shapsug	сӏэ	[sʼa]^ⓘ	'name'	Corresponds to [tsʼ] in other dialects.
Amharic		ፀጉር/cegur	[sʼəgur]	'hair'	More frequently realized as an affricate [t͡sʼ].
Ganza^: 101		[sʼásʼà]		‘fat, thick’
Hausa		tsutsa	[sʼusʼa]	'worm'	Allophone of /tsʼ/ in some dialects
Keres	Acoma^: 7–13	s'eep'e	[sʼeːpʼe]	'we bit it'	Contrasts with other ejective sibilants /ʃʼ/ and /ʂʼ/.
Lakota^[source?]		s'a	[sʼa]	'habitually'
Tlingit		sʼeek	[sʼiːk]^ⓘ	'bear'
Upper Necaxa Totonac		[ˈsʼa̰ta̰]		'small'
Emberá-Catío		[sʼokxo]		'type of water jar'

↑ Kerasheva, Z. I. (1957). Особенности шапсугского диалекта адыгейского языка [Features of the Shapsug Dialect of the Adyghe Language] (in Russian). Maykop: Adyghe Book Publishing House.
↑ Smolders, Joshua (2016). "A Phonology of Ganza". Linguistic Discovery. 14 (1): 86–144. doi:10.1349/PS1.1537-0852.A.470. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2021-02-13. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
↑ Jaggar, Philip J. (2001-12-19). Hausa. London Oriental and African Language Library. Vol. 7. John Benjamins. doi:10.1075/loall.7. ISBN 978-90-272-8304-7.
↑ Miller, Wick R. (1965). Acoma Grammar and Texts. University of California Press.
↑ Maddieson, Ian; Smith, Caroline L.; Bessell, Nicola (2001). "Aspects of the Phonetics of Tlingit". Anthropological Linguistics. 43 (2): 135–176. ISSN 0003-5483. JSTOR 30028779.
↑ Beck, David (2006-01-01). "The emergence of ejective fricatives in Upper Necaxa Totonac". University of Alberta Working Papers in Linguistics.
↑ Mortensen, Charles Arthur (1994). Nasalization in a revision of Embera-Katio phonology (masters thesis). Arlington: MA thesis, University of Texas.