List of monarchs by time

Hassanal Bolkiah is the longest-reigning current monarch.

A monarch is the head of a monarchy, a form of government in which a state is ruled by an individual who normally rules for life or until abdication, and typically inherits the throne by birth. Monarchs may be autocrats (as in all absolute monarchies) or may be ceremonial figureheads, exercising only limited or no reserve powers at all, with actual authority vested in a legislature and/or executive cabinet (as in many constitutional monarchies). In many cases, a monarch will also be linked with a state religion. Most states only have a single monarch at any given time, although a regent may rule when the monarch is a minor, not present, or otherwise incapable of ruling. Cases in which two monarchs rule simultaneously over a single state, as is the current situation in Andorra, are known as coregencies.

List of rulers

Colors

  Asia
  Europe   Africa

Current monarchies

Title Monarch Foundation
of monarchy		 Since Length Ref Flag Age of
monarchy
Co-Prince Joan Enric Vives i Sicília 1278 2003 19 years, 268 days  Andorra 814-815 Years
Emmanuel Macron 2017 5 years, 266 days
King Charles III 1707 2022 149 days  Antigua and Barbuda

 Australia

 The Bahamas

 Belize

 Canada

 Grenada

 Jamaica

 New Zealand

 Papua New Guinea

 Saint Kitts and Nevis

 Saint Lucia

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

 Solomon Islands

 Tuvalu

 United Kingdom

and more

 315 Years
King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa 1783 1999 23 years, 335 days  Bahrain 319 Years
King Philippe 1831 2013 9 years, 198 days  Belgium 221 Years
Druk Gyalpo Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck 1907 2006 16 years, 51 days  Bhutan 115 Years
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah 1363 1967 55 years, 122 days  Brunei 719 Years
King Norodom Sihamoni 68 CE 2004 18 years, 113 days  Cambodia 1955 Years
Queen Margrethe II 710 1972 51 years, 21 days  Denmark 1313 Years
King Mswati III 1750s 1986 36 years, 285 days  Eswatini 222-223 Years
Emperor Naruhito 11 February 660 BC (mythical), 2681 years ago. historical origin is disputed. was Emperor Jimmu 2019 3 years, 279 days [source?].  Japan 2681 Years (Disputed)
King Abdullah II 1946 1999 23 years, 362 days  Jordan 76 Years
Emir Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah 1752 2020 2 years, 128 days

 Kuwait
King Letsie III 1822 1996 26 years, 362 days  Lesotho
Prince Hans-Adam II 1608 1989 33 years, 83 days  Liechtenstein
Grand Duke Henri 1815 2000 22 years, 120 days  Luxembourg
Yang di-Pertuan Agong Abdullah 1957 2019 4 years, 4 days  Malaysia
Prince Albert II 1604 2005 17 years, 304 days  Monaco
King Mohammed VI 788 or 1666 1999 23 years, 198 days  Morocco
Willem-Alexander 1815 2013 9 years, 282 days  Netherlands
Harald V 872 1991 32 years, 20 days  Norway
Sultan Haitham bin Tariq 751 2020 3 years, 26 days  Oman 1272 Years
Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani 1851 2013 9 years, 226 days  Qatar
King Salman 1832 2015 8 years, 14 days  Saudi Arabia
Felipe VI 1474 or 1475 Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon 2014 8 years, 232 days  Spain
Carl XVI Gustaf 970 1973 49 years, 144 days  Sweden 1053 Years
Vajiralongkorn 1238 2016 6 years, 116 days  Thailand
Tupou VI 1845 2012 10 years, 325 days  Tonga 177 Years
President Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan 1971 2022 268 days  United Arab Emirates 51 Years
Pope Pope Leo XIV 33 AD 2025 80 days   Vatican City 1993 Years

Former monarchies

NameFormationFirst monarchAbolition Flag Ref
France500sCharles the Bald
France
Clovis I
Francia		1870  France
Saxony500sHadugato
Rudolph I
Electorate of Saxony		1918  Saxony
Germany843Louis II the German  Germany
Mecklenburg? or 1167? and Pribislaus I  Mecklenburg
England800sAlfred the Great1707 now UK  England
Georgia 302 BC Pharnavaz I 1801  Georgia

Longest-reigning.

List
No. Title Image Monarch Foundation
of monarchy		 Length Ref Flag
1 King Louis XIV 500s 72 years, 110 days  France
2 Queen Elizabeth II 1707 70 years, 214 days  United Kingdom
3 King Rama IX 1238 70 years, 126 days  Thailand
4 Prince Johann II 1608 70 years, 91 days  Liechtenstein
5 ? Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal I ? 68 years, 33 days Palenque (Mexico)
6 Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary Franz Joseph I 1000 or 1270s 67 years, 355 days  Austrian Empire Austria-Hungary
7 ? Chan Imix Kʼawiil ? 67 years, 130 days Copán (Honduras)
8 King Ferdinand III 1800s 65 years, 90 days Sicily

 Two Sicilies

Notes

  1. ↑ Formally enthroned on 15 August 1990. Prior to his accession, Hans-Adam had served as prince regent since 26 August 1984. On 15 August 2004, the prince formally appointed his son Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein as regent, in preparation for his succession to the throne, but remained head of state in accordance with the constitution.
  2. ↑ Coronation took place 30 July 1999.
  3. ↑ Formally enthroned on 21 January 1991, and consecrated on 23 June 1991. Prior to his accession, Harald had served as prince regent since 1 June 1990.
  4. ↑ Succession is determined by consensus within the House of Saud as to who will be Crown Prince. This consensus may change depending on the Crown Prince's actions:
  5. ↑ Succession is based upon male primogeniture. However, Felipe VI currently has no male children.
  6. ↑ Formally enthroned on 19 September 1973.

References

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  10. ↑ Constitution of Antigua and Barbuda, Art. 68.
  11. ↑ Constitution of Australia, Art. 61.
  12. ↑ Constitution of the Bahamas, Art. 71.
  13. ↑ Constitution of Belize, Art. 36.
  14. ↑ Constitution of Canada, Art. 9.
  15. ↑ Constitution of Grenada, Art. 57.
  16. ↑ Constitution of Jamaica, Art. 68.
  17. ↑ Constitution Act 1986: Part 1.
  18. ↑ Constitution of Papua New Guinea, Art. 82.
  19. ↑ Constitution of Saint Kitts and Nevis, Art. 51.
  20. ↑ Constitution of Saint Lucia, Art. 59.
  21. ↑ Constitution of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Art. 50.
  22. ↑ Constitution of Solomon Islands, Art. 1.
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