Pope Boniface IX

Boniface IX
Boniface IX
Papacy began	2 November 1389
Papacy ended	1 October 1404
Predecessor	Pope Urban VI
Successor	Pope Innocent VII
Personal details
Born	Piero Tomacelli; 1350; Naples
Died	October 1, 1404; Rome
	Other popes named Boniface

Pope Boniface IX (Latin: Bonifacius Nonus; 1350 – 1 October 1404), born Piero Tomacelli, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 204th Pope from 1389 until his death in 1404.

Early life

Piero Tomacelli was born into the baronial family of Casarano in the Kingdom of Naples.

Cardinal

In 1381, Pope Urban VI raised Tomacelli to the rank of cardinal.

Pope

Cardinal Tomacelli was elected pope in 1389; and he chose to be called Boniface IX.

Pope Boniface was involved in Italian and European political disputes.

Papal actions

1391 – University of Ferrara established
1392 – University of Efurt confirmed
1396 – Jubilee celebrated at Rome
1398 – University of Fermo established

Boniface canonized St. Birgitta of Sweden.

Western Schism

Boniface IX was pope during the years of the Western Schism, which was a split between factions of the Roman Catholic Church between 1378 and 1417.

During this period, there was more than one who claimed to be the true pope.

Popes of the Western Schism

Related pages

List of popes

References

↑ "List of Popes," Catholic Encyclopedia (2009); retrieved 2011-11-29.
1 2 3 4 5 "Pope Boniface IX", Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-29.
↑ Montor, Artaud de (1911). The lives and times of the Popes. [Vol. 8]. Catholic Publication Society of America. p. 85.
↑ Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. C. Knight. 1836. p. 154.
↑ Note on ordinal numbering: Popes Boniface VIII–IX are really the 7th and 8th popes with that name. This is because Boniface VII is now parsed as an antipope; but during the reign of Boniface VIII, this was not recognized. The "true" or actual eighth pope Boniface identified himself with the ordinal number IX. In other words, the numbering of popes after the 7th Boniface needs to be explained -- compare Popes Benedict XI–XVI.
↑ Motor, p. 87.
↑ Chisholm, Hugh (1910). The Encyclopedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information. Encyclopedia Britannica Company. p. 207.
1 2 "Western Schism," Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-29.

Other websites

Media related to Bonifacius IX at Wikimedia Commons

"Pope Boniface IX" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1913.
Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Boniface IX
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church Archived 2011-10-30 at the Wayback Machine, Cardinal Tomacelli Archived 2011-11-17 at the Wayback Machine

Preceded by Urban VI	Pope 1389–1404	Succeeded by Innocent VII

[1] "List of Popes," Catholic Encyclopedia (2009); retrieved 2011-11-29.

[catholic-2] 1 2 3 4 5 "Pope Boniface IX", Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-29.

[3] Montor, Artaud de (1911). The lives and times of the Popes. [Vol. 8]. Catholic Publication Society of America. p. 85.

[4] Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. C. Knight. 1836. p. 154.

[5] Note on ordinal numbering: Popes Boniface VIII–IX are really the 7th and 8th popes with that name. This is because Boniface VII is now parsed as an antipope; but during the reign of Boniface VIII, this was not recognized. The "true" or actual eighth pope Boniface identified himself with the ordinal number IX. In other words, the numbering of popes after the 7th Boniface needs to be explained -- compare Popes Benedict XI–XVI.

[6] Motor, p. 87.

[britannica-7] Chisholm, Hugh (1910). The Encyclopedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information. Encyclopedia Britannica Company. p. 207.

[schism-8] 1 2 "Western Schism," Catholic Encyclopedia; retrieved 2011-11-29.