Spiralia

Spiralia
Temporal range: Cambrian–Recent Possible Ediacaran fossil
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
Clade: ParaHoxozoa
Clade: Bilateria
Clade: Nephrozoa
Clade: Protostomia
(unranked): Spiralia
sensu Edgecombe et al. 2011
Clades

Spiralia is a group of protostome animals, it has many animals with a common ancestor like molluscs, annelids, platyhelminths and more groups. The term Spiralia comes from the fact that they have spiral cleavage, in their embryos.

Embryo growth

Members of the molluscs, annelids, platyhelminths and nemerteans all have spiral cleavage in their embryos. Other groups like rotifers, brachiopods, phoronids, gastrotrichs, and bryozoans do not do it, but might have had it in the past.

Family tree of Spiralians

This is a version of the family tree of Spiralians.

In 2019 this new version of the family tree was made.


In 2022 scientists found this family tree.

References

  1. ↑ Telford, Maximilian J. (2019). "Evolution: Arrow Worms Find Their Place on the Tree of Life". Current Biology. 29 (5): R152–R154. Bibcode:2019CBio...29.R152T. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.12.029. PMID 30836082.
  2. ↑ Template:The Rise and Fall of the Ediacaran Biota
  3. ↑ Giribet, G. (April 2008). "Assembling the lophotrochozoan (=spiralian) tree of life". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 363 (1496): 1513–22. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2241. PMC 2614230. PMID 18192183.
  4. ↑ "Explanations.html". Archived from the original on 2013-02-07. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
  5. ↑ Hejnol, A. (4 August 2010). "A Twist in Time—The Evolution of Spiral Cleavage in the Light of Animal Phylogeny". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 50 (5): 695–706. doi:10.1093/icb/icq103. PMID 21558233.
  6. ↑ Giribet, G; Dunn, CW; Edgecombe, GD; Hejnol, A; Martindale, MQ; Rouse, GW (2009). "Assembling the spiralian tree of life". In Telford, MJ; Littlewood, DT (eds.). Animal Evolution — Genomes, Fossils, and Trees. pp. 52–64.
  7. ↑ Wanninger, Andreas; Wollesen, Tim (2019). "The evolution of molluscs: The evolution of molluscs". Biological Reviews. 94 (1): 102–115. doi:10.1111/brv.12439. PMC 6378612. PMID 29931833.
  8. ↑ Peterson, Kevin J.; Cotton, James A.; Gehling, James G.; Pisani, Davide (2008-04-27). "The Ediacaran emergence of bilaterians: congruence between the genetic and the geological fossil records". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 363 (1496): 1435–1443. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2233. PMC 2614224. PMID 18192191.
  9. ↑ Hankeln, Thomas; Wey-Fabrizius, Alexandra; Herlyn, Holger; Witek, Alexander; Weber, Mathias; Nesnidal, Maximilian; Struck, Torsten (2014). "Phylogeny of platyzoan taxa based on molecular data". In Wägele, J. Wolfgang; Bartolomaeus, Thomas (eds.). Deep Metazoan Phylogeny: The Backbone of the Tree of Life. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. pp. 105–125.
  10. ↑ Laumer, Christopher E.; Bekkouche, Nicolas; Kerbl, Alexandra; Goetz, Freya; Neves, Ricardo C.; Sørensen, Martin V.; Kristensen, Reinhardt M.; Hejnol, Andreas; Dunn, Casey W. (2015). "Spiralian Phylogeny Informs the Evolution of Microscopic Lineages". Current Biology. 25 (15): 2000–2006. Bibcode:2015CBio...25.2000L. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.068. PMID 26212884.
  11. ↑ Lu, Tsai-Ming; Kanda, Miyuki; Satoh, Noriyuki; Furuya, Hidetaka (2017-05-29). "The phylogenetic position of dicyemid mesozoans offers insights into spiralian evolution". Zoological Letters. 3. doi:10.1186/s40851-017-0068-5. PMC 5447306. PMID 28560048.
  12. ↑ Luo, Yi-Jyun; Kanda, Miyuki; Koyanagi, Ryo; Hisata, Kanako; Akiyama, Tadashi; Sakamoto, Hirotaka; Sakamoto, Tatsuya; Satoh, Noriyuki (2017-12-04). "Nemertean and phoronid genomes reveal lophotrochozoan evolution and the origin of bilaterian heads". Nature Ecology and Evolution. 2 (1): 141–151. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0389-y. PMID 29203924.
  13. ↑ Marlétaz, Ferdinand; Peijnenburg, Katja T. C. A.; Goto, Taichiro; Satoh, Noriyuki; Rokhsar, Daniel S. (2019-01-10). "A New Spiralian Phylogeny Places the Enigmatic Arrow Worms among Gnathiferans". Current Biology. 29 (2): 312–318.e3. Bibcode:2019CBio...29E.312M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.042. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 30639106.
  14. ↑ Halanych, K. M.; Bacheller, J. D.; Aguinaldo, A. M.; Liva, S. M.; Hillis, D. M.; Lake, J. A. (1995-03-17). "Evidence from 18S ribosomal DNA that the lophophorates are protostome animals". Science. 267 (5204): 1641–1643. Bibcode:1995Sci...267.1641H. doi:10.1126/science.7886451. ISSN 1095-9203. PMID 7886451.
  15. ↑ Wanninger, Andreas; Wollesen, Tim (2019). "The evolution of molluscs: The evolution of molluscs". Biological Reviews. 94 (1): 102–115. doi:10.1111/brv.12439. PMC 6378612. PMID 29931833.
  16. ↑ Marlétaz, Ferdinand; Peijnenburg, Katja T. C. A.; Goto, Taichiro; Satoh, Noriyuki; Rokhsar, Daniel S. (2019-01-10). "A New Spiralian Phylogeny Places the Enigmatic Arrow Worms among Gnathiferans". Current Biology. 29 (2): 312–318.e3. Bibcode:2019CBio...29E.312M. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.042. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 30639106.

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