Voiced velar nasal

Voiced velar nasal
Voiced velar nasal
ŋ
IPA Number	119
Audio sample
	source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)	ŋ
Unicode (hex)	U+014B
X-SAMPA	N

The voiced velar nasal is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ŋ⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨N⟩. The English language has this sound. It is the sound represented by ng in walking and angst.

Features

The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. This means that this sound is produced by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is velar. This means that this sound is produced with the back of the tongue at the soft palate.
It is a nasal consonant. This means that air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.

Examples

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning
Albanian		ngaqë	[ŋɡacə]	'because'
Aleut		chaang	[tʃɑːŋ]	'five'
Arabic	Hejazi ^[source?]	مــنــقل/mingal	[mɪŋɡal]	'brazier'
Armenian	Eastern	ընկեր/ënker	[əŋˈkɛɾ]	'friend'
Assamese		ৰং/ŗông	[ɹɔŋ]	'color'
Bambara		ŋonI	[ŋoni]	'guitar'
Bashkir		мең / meñ	[mɪ̞ŋ]^ⓘ	'one thousand'
Basque		hanka	[haŋka]	'leg'
Bengali		রঙ/rông	[rɔŋ]	'color'
Bulgarian		тънко/tănko	[ˈtɤŋko]	'thin'
Catalan		sang	[ˈsɑ̃ŋ(k)]	'blood'
Chamorro		ngånga'	[ŋɑŋaʔ]	'duck'
Chinese	Cantonese	昂/ngong4	[ŋɔːŋ˩]	'raise'
	Eastern Min	疑/ngi	[ŋi]	'suspect'
	Gan	牙/nga	[ŋa]	'tooth'
	Hakka	我/ngai	[ŋai]	'I'
	Mandarin	北京/beijing	[peɪ˨˩tɕiŋ˥]	'Beijing'
	Northern Min	外/ngui	[ŋui]	'outside'
	Southern Min	黃/ng	[ŋ̍]	'yellow'
	Sichuanese	我/ngo	[ŋɔ]	'I'
	Wu	五/ng	[ŋ˩˧]	'five'
	Xiang	熬/ngau	[ŋau]	'to boil'
	Yuci dialect of Jin	我/ngie	[ŋie]	'I'
Chukchi		ңыроқ/ṇyroq	[ŋəɹoq]	'three'
Czech		tank	[taŋk]	'tank'
Dinka		ŋa	[ŋa]	'who'
Danish		sang	[sɑŋˀ]	'song'
Dutch		angst	[ɑŋst]	'fear'
English		sing	[sɪŋ]	'sing'
Faroese		ong	[ɔŋk]	'meadow'
Fijian		gone	[ˈŋone]	'child'
Filipino		ngayón	[ŋaˈjon]	'now'
Finnish		kangas	[ˈkɑŋːɑs]	'cloth'
French	Standard	camping	[kɑ̃piŋ(ɡ)]	'camping'
French	Southern France	pain	[pɛŋ]	'bread'
Galician		unha	[ˈuŋa]	'one' (f.)
German		lang	[laŋ]	'long'
Greek		άγχος / anchos	['aŋxo̞s]	'Stress'
Hebrew	Standard	אנגלית/anglit	[aŋɡˈlit]	'English language'
Hebrew	Sephardi	עין/nayin	[ŋaˈjin]	'Ayin'
Hiligaynon		buang	[bu'äŋ]	'crazy/mentally unstable'
Hindustani	Hindi	रंग/रङ्ग/raṅg	[rəŋg]	'color'
	Urdu	رن٘گ/raṅg
	Fiji Hindustani	Rang
Hungarian		ing	[iŋɡ]	'shirt'
Icelandic		göng	[ˈkœy̯ŋk]	'tunnel'
Inuktitut		ᐴᙳᐆᖅ / puunnguuq	[puːŋŋuːq]	'dog'
Inuvialuktun		qamnguiyuaq	[qamŋuijuaq]	'snores'
Irish		a nglór	[ˌə̃ ˈŋl̪ˠoːɾˠ]	'their voice'
Italian		anche	[ˈaŋke]	'also'
Itelmen		қниң	[qniŋ]	'one'
Japanese	Standard	南極 / nankyoku	[naŋkʲokɯ]	'the South Pole'
Japanese	Eastern dialects	鍵 / kagi	[kaŋi]	'key'
Javanese		ꦱꦺꦔꦏ꧀/Sengak	[səŋŋak]	stink
Kagayanen		manang	[manaŋ]	'older sister'
Kazakh		мың / myń	[məŋ]	'thousand'
Kyrgyz		миң/miñ	[miŋ]	'thousand'
Ket		аяң/ajaņ	[ajaŋ]	'to damn'
Khasi		ngap	[ŋap]	'honey'
Khmer		ងាយ / ngéay	[ŋiəj]	'easy'
Korean		성에 / seonge	[sʌŋe]	'window frost'
Kurdish	Northern	ceng	[dʒɛŋ]	'war'
	Central	جه‌نگ/ceng
	Southern	جه‌نگ/ceng
Luxembourgish		keng	[kʰæŋ]	'nobody'
Macedonian		aнглиски/angliski	[ˈaŋɡliski]	'English'
Luganda		ŋaaŋa	[ŋɑːŋɑ]	'hornbill'
Malay	Malaysian and Indonesian	bangun	[bäŋon]	'wake up'
	Kelantan-Pattani	sini	[si.niŋ]	'here'
	Terengganu	ayam	[a.jaŋ]	'chicken'
Malayalam		മാങ്ങ/mān̄n̄a	[maːŋŋɐ]	'mango'
Māori		ngā	[ŋaː]	'the'
Marathi		रंग/ranga	[rəŋə]	'colour'
Mari		еҥ/eng	[jeŋ]	'human'
Mongolian		тэнгэр / teŋger	[teŋger]	'sky'
Nepali		नङ/nang	[nʌŋ]	'nail'
Nganasan		ӈаӈ/ngang	[ŋaŋ]	'mouth'
Nivkh		ңамг/ngamg	[ŋamɡ]	'seven'
North Frisian	Mooring	kåchelng	[ˈkɔxəlŋ]	'stove'
Norwegian		gang	[ɡɑŋ]	'hallway'
Odia		ଏବଂ/ebang	[ebɔŋ]	'and'
Panjabi	Gurmukhi	ਰੰਗ/rang	[rəŋ]	'color'
Panjabi	Shahmukhi	رنگ/rang	[rəŋ]
Persian		رنگ/rang	[ræːŋ]
Pipil		nemanha	[nemaŋa]	'later'
Polish		bank	[bäŋk]	'bank'
Portuguese		manga	[ˈmɐ̃(ŋ)ɡɐ]	'mango'
Potato	west river	ngrast	[ŋ:ɾat:]	'grow'
Occitan	Provençal	vin	[viŋ]	'wine'
Rapanui		hanga	[haŋa]	'bay'
Romanian	Țara Moților Transylvanian	câine	['kɨŋi]	'dog'
Sāmoan		gagana	[ŋaˈŋana]	'language'
Serbo-Croatian		станка / stanka	[stâːŋka]	'pause'
Seri		comcáac	[koŋˈkaak]	'Seri people'
Shona		nanga	[ŋaŋɡa]	'witch doctor'
Slovene		tank	[taŋk]	'tank'
Spanish	All dialects	domingo	[d̪o̞ˈmĩŋɡo̞]	'Sunday'
Spanish	Galician Spanish, Andalusian, Canarian, and most Latin American dialects	alquitrán	[alkitˈɾaŋ]	'tar'
Swahili		ng'ombe	[ŋombɛ]	'cow'
Swedish		ingenting	[ɪŋɛnˈtʰɪŋ]	'nothing'
Tamil		இங்கே/in̄gē	[iŋgeː]	'here'
Thai		งาน/ngaan	[ŋaːn]	'work'
Tongan		tangata	[taŋata]	'man'
Tuamotuan		rangi / ragi	[raŋi]	'sky'
Tundra Nenets		ӈэва/ŋəwa	[ŋæewa]	'head'
Turkmen		müň	[myŋ]	'thousand'
Tyap		nɡɡwon	[ŋɡʷən]	'child'
Uzbek		ming	[miŋ]	'thousand'
Venetian		man	[maŋ]	'hand'
Vietnamese		ngà	[ŋaː˨˩]	'ivory'
Welsh		rhwng	[r̥ʊŋ]	'between'
West Frisian		kening	[ˈkeːnɪŋ]	'king'
Xhosa		ing’ang’ane	[iŋaŋaːne]	'hadada ibis'
Yi		ꉢ/nga	[ŋa˧]	'I'
Yup'ik		ungungssiq	[uŋuŋssiq]	'animal'
Zapotec	Tilquiapan	yan	[jaŋ]	'neck'

Notes

1 2 Ladefoged (2005), p. 165.
↑ Dum-Tragut (2009), p. 19.
↑ Sabev, Mitko. "Bulgarian Sound System". Archived from the original on 11 July 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
↑ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992), p. 53.
↑ Gussenhoven (1992), p. 45.
↑ Wells (1989), p. 44.
↑ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004), p. 118.
↑ Okada (1999), p. 118.
↑ Olson et al. (2010), pp. 206–207.
↑ Gilles & Trouvain (2013), pp. 67–68.
↑ Reed (2001).
↑ Jassem (2003), p. 103.
↑ Pop (1938), p. 31.
↑ Landau et al. (1999), p. 67
↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 258.
↑ Thompson (1959), pp. 458–461.
↑ Merrill (2008), p. 109.

References

Anderson, Gregory D. S. (2008), "The Velar Nasal", in Haspelmath, Martin; Dryer, Matthew S; Gil, David; et al. (eds.), The World Atlas of Language Structures Online, Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, retrieved 2008-04-30
Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618, S2CID 249411809
Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), "Luxembourgish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 67–74, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278
Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X, S2CID 243772965
Gussmann, Edmund (1974), Fisiak, Jacek (ed.), "Nasality in Polish and English" (PDF), Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics, 2, Poznań: Adam Mickiewicz University: 105–122
Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
Jones, Daniel; Ward, Dennis (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521153003
Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants: An Introduction to the Sounds of Languages, vol. 1, Wiley-Blackwell
Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 0-521-65236-7
Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344
Okada, Hideo (1999), "Japanese", in International Phonetic Association (ed.), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, ISBN 978-0-52163751-0
Olson, Kenneth; Mielke, Jeff; Sanicas-Daguman, Josephine; Pebley, Carol Jean; Paterson, Hugh J., III (2010), "The phonetic status of the (inter)dental approximant" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (2): 199–215, doi:10.1017/S0025100309990296, S2CID 38504322{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Ostaszewska, Danuta; Tambor, Jolanta (2000), Fonetyka i fonologia współczesnego języka polskiego, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, ISBN 83-01-12992-1
Pop, Sever (1938), Micul Atlas Linguistic Român, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj
Reed, A.W. (2001), Kāretu, Tīmoti (ed.), The Reed Concise Māori Dictionary
Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
Wells, J.C. (1989), "Computer-Coded Phonemic Notation of Individual Languages of the European Community", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 19 (1): 31–54, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005892, S2CID 145148170

[FOOTNOTELadefoged2005165-1] 1 2 Ladefoged (2005), p. 165.

[FOOTNOTEDum-Tragut200919-2] Dum-Tragut (2009), p. 19.

[3] Sabev, Mitko. "Bulgarian Sound System". Archived from the original on 11 July 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2013.

[FOOTNOTECarbonellLlisterri199253-4] Carbonell & Llisterri (1992), p. 53.

[FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199245-5] Gussenhoven (1992), p. 45.

[FOOTNOTEWells198944-6] Wells (1989), p. 44.

[FOOTNOTERogersd'Arcangeli2004118-7] Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004), p. 118.

[FOOTNOTEOkada1999118-8] Okada (1999), p. 118.

[FOOTNOTEOlsonMielkeSanicas-DagumanPebley2010206–207-9] Olson et al. (2010), pp. 206–207.

[FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201367–68-10] Gilles & Trouvain (2013), pp. 67–68.

[FOOTNOTEReed2001-11] Reed (2001).

[FOOTNOTEJassem2003103-12] Jassem (2003), p. 103.

[FOOTNOTEPop193831-13] Pop (1938), p. 31.

[Landau1999-14] Landau et al. (1999), p. 67

[FOOTNOTEMartínez-CeldránFernández-PlanasCarrera-Sabaté2003258-15] Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 258.

[FOOTNOTEThompson1959458–461-16] Thompson (1959), pp. 458–461.

[FOOTNOTEMerrill2008109-17] Merrill (2008), p. 109.