Southern Air Transport

Southern Air Transport (SAT) var ett amerikanskt fraktflygbolag.

Historik

Fraktflygbolaget grundades 1947 av Frederick C. (Doc) Moor Jr i Miami i Florida i syfte att frakta gods mellan USA och Bahamas. År 1960 blev SAT uppköpta av den amerikanska underrättelsetjänsten Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) för 300 000 amerikanska dollar och blev ett dotterbolag till ett av CIA:s förvaltningsbolag Pacific Corporation. Fraktflygbolaget användes främst för att understödja USA under Vietnamkriget. I december 1973 såldes SAT till Stanley G. Williams, som var fraktflygbolagets frontman, för 2,1 miljoner dollar medan sex år senare såldes det till James H. Bastian, som hade kopplingar till både SAT och Air America. Fraktflygbolaget användes av CIA för att utföra uppdrag i bland annat Angola, El Salvador och Nicaragua samt Kuwaitkriget. De var också ofta anlitade av Förenta Nationerna om att transportera förnödenheter till länder i Afrika, Asien och Europa.

Den 5 oktober 1986 blev ett flygplan av modellen Fairchild C-123 Provider, som hade köpts av SAT i mars, nerskjutet i södra Nicaragua av sandinisterna i och med nicaraguanska revolutionen. Flygplanet skulle förse de antikommunistiska gerillarörelserna Contras med krigsmateriel. Tre av fyra besättningsmän omkom och den fjärde blev tillfångatagen och erkände vad som föregick, senare blev den dömd till 30 års fängelse av nicaraguansk domstol. I och med detta, briserade den politiska skandalen som fick namnet Iran-Contras-affären.

År 1996 flyttade fraktflygbolaget till Rickenbacker International Airport i Columbus i Ohio men gick i konkurs i september 1998. SAT:s tillgångar blev grundplåten till Southern Air som grundades året efter.

Referenser

Anmärkningar

↑ 2022 års dollarvärde: ~3 miljoner dollar
↑ 2022 års dollarvärde: ~14 miljoner dollar

Noter

1 2 Wickstead, Maurice J. ”Best of Airways – Southern Air Transport: An uncommon carrier”. Airways Mag. Arkiverad från originalet den 25 mars 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190325234332/https://airwaysmag.com/avgeek/best-of-airways-southern-air-transport-an-uncommon-carrier/. Läst 28 september 2022.
↑ Bailey, Joanna. ”What happened to US cargo carrier Southern Air?”. Simple Flying. https://simpleflying.com/what-happened-to-us-cargo-carrier-southern-air/.
↑ Binder, David. ”C.I.A. is reported trying to sell interest in airline”. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/30/archives/cia-is-reported-trying-to-sell-interest-in-airline-southern-air.html.
↑ ”C.I.A. reportedly sold airline to ‘front’ at less than value”. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1975/03/10/archives/cia-reportedly-sold-airline-to-front-at-less-than-value.html.
↑ Farnsworth, Clyde H. ”'The Company' as big business”. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/04/business/the-company-as-big-business.html.
↑ Friedland, Jonathan. ”American firm flying Angolan military goods”. The Christian Science Monitor. https://www.csmonitor.com/1986/1117/afly-f.html.
↑ Ottaway, David B. ”With U.S. business, airline took off”. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/12/20/with-us-business-airline-took-off/2ef0c4f8-bffe-4311-bb20-9f3f260f4edf/.
↑ Review of the U.S. Forest Service Firefightning Aircraft Program: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Specialty Crops and Natural Resources of the Committee on Agriculture House of Representatives – First Session, August 5, 1993 – Serial No. 103–40. Washington, D.C.: USA:s representanthus. 1993. sid. 13. https://books.google.se/books?id=a-eXbvCyGIAC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=%22southern+air+transport%22+gulf+war+CIA&source=bl&ots=Olo9A5FKdY&sig=ACfU3U3YfuzS8272pu-X-wHtgeNa6ReL_A&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwil4qnXp7j6AhVgDRAIHaQFCYMQ6AF6BAgPEAM#v=onepage&q=%22southern%20air%20transport%22%20gulf%20war%20CIA&f=false
↑ Lederer, Edith. ”United Nations begins airdropping food in rural Somalia”. Associated Press. https://apnews.com/article/4f6e2c153a7a6d3f244a289c96ae83fb.
↑ McCannell, Ryan S. ”Human rights rapid response monitoring survey report”. United States Agency for International Development. https://apnews.com/article/4f6e2c153a7a6d3f244a289c96ae83fb.
↑ Pichirallo, Joe. ”Downed plane is linked to air charter's check”. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/10/30/downed-plane-is-linked-to-air-charters-check/9f81b4f5-dbf6-49fc-ab38-9dbeeb65e612/.
↑ Miller, Marjorie. ”Hasenfus receives 30-year sentence : American gets maximum penalty after Nicaragua terrorism conviction”. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-11-16-mn-7904-story.html.
↑ Stockwell, Norman. ”The exposure of Eugene Hasenfus”. Tico Times. https://ticotimes.net/2014/10/06/the-exposure-of-eugene-hasenfus.
↑ Wines, Leslie (1 maj 1996). ”Southern Air lands in Columbus, Ohio”. The Journal of Business Strategy "17" (3): s. 32. https://www.proquest.com/openview/f04ec1d5cdbe8569e21c4f5816927d91/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1821485.
↑ Scott, Peter Dale (2004). Drugs, Oil, and War: The United States in Afghanistan, Colombia, and Indochina. Rowman & Littlefield. sid. 101. ISBN 9780585459738. https://books.google.se/books?id=-fRsAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA101&lpg=PA101&dq=%22Southern+Air+Transport%22+1998+bankruptcy&source=bl&ots=uwdTEO1cwe&sig=ACfU3U0OHG8AsQ_qLxK7eSdHA3s1wZxCJQ&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiaxuvL6_r4AhWnYPEDHY5jBPQQ6AF6BAg1EAM#v=onepage&q=%22Southern%20Air%20Transport%22%201998%20bankruptcy&f=false
↑ The Stamford Advocate. ”Freight carrier expands Norwalk, Conn., presence”. Aviation Pros. https://www.aviationpros.com/home/news/10402149/freight-carrier-expands-norwalk-conn-presence.

[3] 2022 års dollarvärde: ~3 miljoner dollar

[5] 2022 års dollarvärde: ~14 miljoner dollar

[airwaysmag-1] 1 2 Wickstead, Maurice J. ”Best of Airways – Southern Air Transport: An uncommon carrier”. Airways Mag. Arkiverad från originalet den 25 mars 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190325234332/https://airwaysmag.com/avgeek/best-of-airways-southern-air-transport-an-uncommon-carrier/. Läst 28 september 2022.

[2] Bailey, Joanna. ”What happened to US cargo carrier Southern Air?”. Simple Flying. https://simpleflying.com/what-happened-to-us-cargo-carrier-southern-air/.

[4] Binder, David. ”C.I.A. is reported trying to sell interest in airline”. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/30/archives/cia-is-reported-trying-to-sell-interest-in-airline-southern-air.html.

[6] ”C.I.A. reportedly sold airline to ‘front’ at less than value”. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1975/03/10/archives/cia-reportedly-sold-airline-to-front-at-less-than-value.html.

[7] Farnsworth, Clyde H. ”'The Company' as big business”. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/04/business/the-company-as-big-business.html.

[8] Friedland, Jonathan. ”American firm flying Angolan military goods”. The Christian Science Monitor. https://www.csmonitor.com/1986/1117/afly-f.html.

[9] Ottaway, David B. ”With U.S. business, airline took off”. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/12/20/with-us-business-airline-took-off/2ef0c4f8-bffe-4311-bb20-9f3f260f4edf/.

[10] Review of the U.S. Forest Service Firefightning Aircraft Program: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Specialty Crops and Natural Resources of the Committee on Agriculture House of Representatives – First Session, August 5, 1993 – Serial No. 103–40. Washington, D.C.: USA:s representanthus. 1993. sid. 13. https://books.google.se/books?id=a-eXbvCyGIAC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=%22southern+air+transport%22+gulf+war+CIA&source=bl&ots=Olo9A5FKdY&sig=ACfU3U3YfuzS8272pu-X-wHtgeNa6ReL_A&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwil4qnXp7j6AhVgDRAIHaQFCYMQ6AF6BAgPEAM#v=onepage&q=%22southern%20air%20transport%22%20gulf%20war%20CIA&f=false

[11] Lederer, Edith. ”United Nations begins airdropping food in rural Somalia”. Associated Press. https://apnews.com/article/4f6e2c153a7a6d3f244a289c96ae83fb.

[12] McCannell, Ryan S. ”Human rights rapid response monitoring survey report”. United States Agency for International Development. https://apnews.com/article/4f6e2c153a7a6d3f244a289c96ae83fb.

[13] Pichirallo, Joe. ”Downed plane is linked to air charter's check”. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/10/30/downed-plane-is-linked-to-air-charters-check/9f81b4f5-dbf6-49fc-ab38-9dbeeb65e612/.

[14] Miller, Marjorie. ”Hasenfus receives 30-year sentence : American gets maximum penalty after Nicaragua terrorism conviction”. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-11-16-mn-7904-story.html.

[15] Stockwell, Norman. ”The exposure of Eugene Hasenfus”. Tico Times. https://ticotimes.net/2014/10/06/the-exposure-of-eugene-hasenfus.

[16] Wines, Leslie (1 maj 1996). ”Southern Air lands in Columbus, Ohio”. The Journal of Business Strategy "17" (3): s. 32. https://www.proquest.com/openview/f04ec1d5cdbe8569e21c4f5816927d91/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1821485.

[17] Scott, Peter Dale (2004). Drugs, Oil, and War: The United States in Afghanistan, Colombia, and Indochina. Rowman & Littlefield. sid. 101. ISBN 9780585459738. https://books.google.se/books?id=-fRsAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA101&lpg=PA101&dq=%22Southern+Air+Transport%22+1998+bankruptcy&source=bl&ots=uwdTEO1cwe&sig=ACfU3U0OHG8AsQ_qLxK7eSdHA3s1wZxCJQ&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiaxuvL6_r4AhWnYPEDHY5jBPQQ6AF6BAg1EAM#v=onepage&q=%22Southern%20Air%20Transport%22%201998%20bankruptcy&f=false

[18] The Stamford Advocate. ”Freight carrier expands Norwalk, Conn., presence”. Aviation Pros. https://www.aviationpros.com/home/news/10402149/freight-carrier-expands-norwalk-conn-presence.