July 23

July 23 this year
in various calendars
July 23 this year; in various calendars
Thursday, 23 July 2026
Akan	Nwonayaw
Armenian	3 Nawasardi 1476
Aztec	Quecholli 14, 13 Ehēcatl
Babylonian	8 Du'uzu, 2337 SE
Balinese pawukon	Luang, Pepet, Beteng, Menala, Umanis, Aryang, Wraspati of Pahang, Yama, Tulus, Duka
Bengali	8 Shrabon, BS 1433
Chinese	Yang Earth Dog・Horn Mansion; Fire Horse Year, Month 6, Day 10; (Dashu, 15 days until Liqiu)
Common Era	23 July 2026 CE
Coptic	16 Epip, AM 1742
Egyptian	8 Choiak, 2775 NE
Ethiopian	16 Ḥamlē, 2018 Amätä Məhrät
French Republican	Décade I, Quintidi de Thermidor de l'Année 234 de la République
Gregorian	23 July, AD 2026
Hebrew	9 Av, AM 5786
Hindu	Viśākhā・Śubha; Solar: 7 Śrāvaṇa, 1948 SE; Lunisolar: Navamī, Śukla pakṣa of Āṣāḍha, 2083 VE; Rāudra・5127 KY・1,872,779
Icelandic	Fimmtudagur, 2 Aukanætur 2026
Islamic	7 Safar, AH 1448; (using tabular method)
ISO week date	2026-W30-4
Japanese	10 Minazuki, Reiwa 8; (Taisho, 15 days until Risshū)
Julian	10 July, AD 2026 (AM 7534)
Julian day	2461245
Korean	10 Yangdal, 4359 DE
Maya	13.0.13.14.2; 15 Xul, 13 Ik
Roman	ante diem VI Idus Iulias, MMDCCLXXIX AUC
Solar Hijri	1 Mordad, SH 1405
Tibetan	9 chu stod, me pho rta; 2153 or 1772 or 1000
	[refresh]

July 23 in recent years
2026 (Thursday)
2025 (Wednesday)
2024 (Tuesday)
2023 (Sunday)
2022 (Saturday)
2021 (Friday)
2020 (Thursday)
2019 (Tuesday)
2018 (Monday)
2017 (Sunday)

July 23 is the 204th day of the year (205th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 161 days remain until the end of the year.

Events

Pre-1600

685 – The election of Pope John V following the death of Pope Benedict II two months prior.
811 – Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I plunders the Bulgarian capital of Pliska and captures Khan Krum's treasury.
1319 – A Knights Hospitaller fleet scores a crushing victory over an Aydinid fleet off Chios.

1601–1900

1632 – Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe, France.
1677 – Scanian War: Denmark–Norway captures the harbor town of Marstrand from Sweden.
1711 – The treaty of Pruth between the Ottoman and Russian Empire is signed.
1793 – Kingdom of Prussia re-conquers Mainz from France.
1813 – Sir Thomas Maitland is appointed as the first Governor of Malta, transforming the island from a British protectorate to a de facto colony.
1821 – While the Mora Rebellion continues, Greeks capture Monemvasia Castle. Turkish troops and citizens are transferred to Asia Minor's coasts.
1829 – In the United States, William Austin Burt patents the typographer, a precursor to the typewriter.
1840 – The Province of Canada is created by the Act of Union.
1862 – American Civil War: Henry Halleck becomes general-in-chief of the Union Army.
1862 – Begin of the Hyde Park Riots.
1874 – Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos is appointed the Archbishop of the Portuguese colonial enclave of Goa, India.
1881 – The Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina is signed in Buenos Aires.
1900 – Pressed by expanding immigration, Canada closes its doors to paupers and criminals.

1901–present

1903 – The Ford Motor Company sells its first car.
1906 – The Amsden Building collapse in Framingham, Massachusetts, U.S., claims 12 lives.
1908 – The Second Constitution is accepted by the Ottomans.
1914 – July Crisis: Austria-Hungary issues a series of demands in an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia demanding Serbia to allow the Austrians to determine who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Serbia accepts all but one of those demands and Austria declares war on July 28.
1919 – Prince Regent Aleksander Karađorđević signs the decree establishing the University of Ljubljana.
1921 – The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is established at the founding National Congress.
1926 – Fox Film buys the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.
1927 – The first station of the Indian Broadcasting Company goes on the air in Bombay.
1936 – In Catalonia, Spain, the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia is founded through the merger of Socialist and Communist parties.
1940 – The United States' Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles issues a declaration on the U.S. non-recognition policy of the Soviet annexation and incorporation of three Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
1942 – World War II: The German offensives Operation Edelweiss and Operation Braunschweig begin on the Eastern Front.
1942 – Bulgarian poet and communist activist Nikola Vaptsarov is executed by firing squad.
1943 – The Rayleigh bath chair murder occurs in Rayleigh, Essex, England.
1943 – World War II: The British destroyers HMS Eclipse and HMS Laforey sink the Italian submarine Ascianghi in the Mediterranean after she torpedoes the cruiser HMS Newfoundland.
1945 – The post-war legal processes against Philippe Pétain, the former president of Vichy France begin.
1952 – General Muhammad Naguib leads the Free Officers Movement (formed by Gamal Abdel Nasser, the real power behind the coup) in overthrowing King Farouk of Egypt.
1961 – The Sandinista National Liberation Front is founded in Nicaragua.
1962 – Telstar relays the first publicly transmitted, live trans-Atlantic television program, featuring Walter Cronkite.
1962 – The International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos is signed.
1962 – Jackie Robinson becomes the first African American to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
1967 – Detroit Riots: In Detroit, one of the worst riots in United States history begins on 12th Street in the predominantly African American inner city. It ultimately kills 43 people, injures 342 and burns about 1,400 buildings.
1968 – Glenville shootout: In Cleveland, Ohio, a violent shootout between a Black Militant organization and the Cleveland Police Department occurs. During the shootout, a riot begins and lasts for five days.
1968 – The only successful hijacking of an El Al aircraft takes place when a Boeing 707 carrying ten crew and 38 passengers is taken over by three members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. The aircraft was en route from Rome, Italy to Lod, Israel.
1970 – Qaboos bin Said al Said becomes Sultan of Oman after overthrowing his father, Said bin Taimur initiating massive reforms, modernization programs and end to a decade long civil war.
1972 – The United States launches Landsat 1, the first Earth-resources satellite.
1974 – The Greek military junta collapses, and former Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis is invited to lead the new government, beginning Greece's metapolitefsi era.
1980 – Phạm Tuân becomes the first Vietnamese citizen and the first Asian in space when he flies aboard the Soyuz 37 mission as an Intercosmos Research Cosmonaut.
1982 – Outside Santa Clarita, California, actor Vic Morrow and two children are killed when a helicopter crashes onto them while shooting a scene from Twilight Zone: The Movie.
1983 – Thirteen Sri Lanka Army soldiers are killed after a deadly ambush by the militant Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.
1983 – Gimli Glider: Air Canada Flight 143 runs out of fuel and makes a deadstick landing at Gimli, Manitoba.
1988 – General Ne Win, effective ruler of Burma since 1962, resigns after pro-democracy protests.
1992 – A Vatican commission, led by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, establishes that limiting certain rights of homosexual people and non-married couples is not equivalent to discrimination on grounds of race or gender.
1992 – Abkhazia declares independence from Georgia.
1993 – China Northwest Airlines Flight 2119 crashes during takeoff from Yinchuan Xihuayuan Airport in Yinchuan, Ningxia, China, killing 55 people.
1995 – Comet Hale–Bopp is discovered; it becomes visible to the naked eye on Earth nearly a year later.
1997 – Digital Equipment Corporation files antitrust charges against chipmaker Intel.
1999 – ANA Flight 61 is hijacked in Tokyo, Japan by Yuji Nishizawa.
1999 – Space Shuttle Columbia launches on STS-93, with Eileen Collins becoming the first female space shuttle commander. The shuttle also carried and deployed the Chandra X-ray Observatory.
2001 – Megawati Sukarnoputri was sworn in as the first female president of Indonesia following her predecessor's impeachment.
2005 – Three bombs explode in the Naama Bay area of Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, killing 88 people.
2010 – The English-Irish boy band One Direction were formed while auditioning for the 2010 series of the British singing competition The X Factor.
2011 – A high-speed train rear-ends another on a viaduct on the Yongtaiwen railway line in Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, China, resulting in 40 deaths.
2012 – The Solar storm of 2012 was an unusually large coronal mass ejection that was emitted by the Sun which barely missed the Earth by nine days. If it hit, it would have caused up to US$2.6 trillion in damages to electrical equipment worldwide.
2014 – TransAsia Airways Flight 222 crashes in Xixi village near Huxi, Penghu, during approach to Penghu Airport. Forty-eight of the 58 people on board are killed and five more people on the ground are injured.
2015 – NASA announces discovery of Kepler-452b by the Kepler space telescope.
2018 – A wildfire in East Attica kills at least 102 people. It is the deadliest wildfire in the history of Greece.

Births

Pre-1600

1301 – Otto, Duke of Austria (died 1339)
1339 – Louis I, Duke of Anjou (died 1384)
1370 – Pier Paolo Vergerio the Elder, humanist (died 1444 or 1445)
1401 – Francesco I Sforza, Italian husband of Bianca Maria Visconti (died 1466)
1441 – Danjong of Joseon, King of Joseon (died 1457)
1503 – Anne of Bohemia and Hungary (died 1547)

1601–1900

1614 – Bonaventura Peeters the Elder, Flemish painter (died 1652)
1635 – Adam Dollard des Ormeaux, New France garrison commander (died 1660)
1649 – Pope Clement XI (died 1721)
1705 – Francis Blomefield, English historian and author (died 1752)
1713 – Luís António Verney, Portuguese philosopher and pedagogue (died 1792)
1773 – Thomas Brisbane, Scottish general and politician, 6th Governor of New South Wales (died 1860)
1773 – Abraham Colles, Irish anatomist (died 1841)
1775 – Étienne-Louis Malus, French physicist and mathematician (died 1812)
1777 – Philipp Otto Runge, German painter and illustrator (died 1810)
1796 – Franz Berwald, Swedish surgeon and composer (died 1868)
1802 – Manuel María Lombardini, Mexican general and president (died 1853)
1823 – Alexandre-Antonin Taché, Canadian archbishop and missionary (died 1894)
1828 – Jonathan Hutchinson, English surgeon and scientist (died 1913)
1838 – Édouard Colonne, French violinist and conductor (died 1910)
1851 – Peder Severin Krøyer, Norwegian-Danish painter (died 1909)
1854 – Ernest Belfort Bax, English barrister, journalist, philosopher, men's rights advocate, socialist and historian (died 1926)
1856 – Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Indian lawyer and journalist (died 1920)
1864 – Apolinario Mabini, Filipino lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of the Philippines (died 1903)
1865 – Henry Norris, English businessman and politician (died 1934)
1866 – Francesco Cilea, Italian composer and academic (died 1950)
1878 – James Thomas Milton Anderson, Canadian lawyer and politician, 5th Premier of Saskatchewan (died 1946)
1882 – Kâzım Karabekir, Turkish general and politician, 5th Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (died 1948)
1883 – Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke, French-English field marshal and politician, Lord Lieutenant of the County of London (died 1963)
1884 – Emil Jannings, Swiss-German actor (died 1950)
1885 – Izaak Killam, Canadian financier and philanthropist (died 1955)
1885 – Georges V. Matchabelli, Georgian-American businessman, created Prince Matchabelli perfume (died 1935)
1886 – Salvador de Madariaga, Spanish historian and diplomat (died 1978)
1886 – Walter H. Schottky, Swiss-German physicist and engineer (died 1976)
1888 – Raymond Chandler, American crime novelist and screenwriter (died 1959)
1891 – Louis T. Wright, American surgeon and civil rights activist (died 1952)
1892 – Haile Selassie, Ethiopian emperor (died 1975)
1894 – Arthur Treacher, English-American actor and television personality (died 1975)
1895 – Aileen Pringle, American actress (died 1989)
1897 – Red Dutton, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (died 1987)
1898 – Daniel Cosío Villegas, Mexican historian, economist (died 1976)
1898 – Bengt Djurberg, Swedish actor and singer (died 1941)
1898 – Herman Kruusenberg, Estonian wrestler (died 1970)
1898 – Jacob Marschak, Ukrainian-American economist, journalist, and author (died 1977)
1899 – Gustav Heinemann, German lawyer and politician, 3rd President of West Germany (died 1976)
1900 – Julia Davis Adams, American author and journalist (died 1993)
1900 – John Babcock, Canadian-American sergeant (died 2010)
1900 – Inger Margrethe Boberg, Danish folklore researcher and writer (died 1957)

1901–present

1901 – Hank Worden, American actor and singer (died 1992)
1901 – Isabel Luberza Oppenheimer, Puerto Rican brothel owner and madam in barrio Maragüez, Ponce, Puerto Rico (died 1974)
1905 – Leopold Engleitner, Austrian author and educator (died 2013)
1906 – Vladimir Prelog, Croatian-Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1998)
1906 – Wolfgang Gentner, German nuclear physicist (died 1980)
1906 – Chandra Shekhar Azad, Indian activist (died 1931)
1907 – Elspeth Huxley, English author (The Flame Trees of Thika and The Mottled Lizard) (died 1997)
1912 – Madeleine Dellamonica, French Egyptologist and supercentenarian
1912 – M. H. Abrams, American author, critic, and academic (died 2015)
1912 – Michael Wilding, English actor (died 1979)
1913 – Michael Foot, English journalist and politician, Secretary of State for Employment (died 2010)
1914 – Nassos Daphnis, Greek-American painter (died 2010)
1914 – Virgil Finlay, American illustrator (died 1971)
1914 – Elly Annie Schneider, German-American actress (died 2004)
1916 – Laurel Martyn, Australian ballerina and choreographer (died 2013)
1918 – Abraham Bueno de Mesquita, Dutch comedian and actor (died 2005)
1918 – Ruth Duccini, American actress (died 2014)
1918 – Pee Wee Reese, American baseball player and sportscaster (died 1999)
1920 – Amália Rodrigues, Portuguese fado singer (died 1999)
1921 – Calvert DeForest, American actor (died 2007)
1922 – Damiano Damiani, Italian director and screenwriter (died 2013)
1922 – Jenny Pike, Canadian WWII servicewoman and photographer (died 2004)
1923 – Morris Halle, Latvian-American linguist and academic (died 2018)
1924 – Gavin Lambert, English-American screenwriter and author (died 2005)
1924 – Gazanfer Bilge, Turkish wrestler (died 2008)
1925 – Tajuddin Ahmad, Bangladeshi politician, 1st Prime Minister of Bangladesh (died 1975)
1925 – Quett Masire, Botswana politician, the former Vice-President of Botswana (died 2017)
1925 – Alain Decaux, French historian and author (died 2016)
1925 – Gloria DeHaven, American actress and singer (died 2016)
1926 – Ludvík Vaculík, Czech journalist and author (died 2015)
1927 – Gérard Brach, French director and screenwriter (died 2006)
1928 – Leon Fleisher, American pianist and conductor (died 2020)
1928 – Vera Rubin, American astronomer and academic (died 2016)
1928 – Hubert Selby, Jr., American author and screenwriter (died 2004)
1929 – Danny Barcelona, American drummer (died 2007)
1929 – Lateef Jakande, Nigerian journalist and politician, 5th Governor of Lagos State (died 2021)
1931 – Te Atairangikaahu, Māori queen (died 2006)
1931 – Claude Fournier, Canadian director, screenwriter, and cinematographer (died 2023)
1931 – Guy Fournier, Canadian author and screenwriter
1931 – Viktor Korchnoi, Russian-Swiss chess grandmaster (died 2016)
1933 – Raimund Abraham, Austrian architect, designed the Austrian Cultural Forum (died 2010)
1933 – Bert Convy, American actor, singer, and game show host (died 1991)
1933 – Benedict Groeschel, American priest, psychologist, and talk show host (died 2014)
1933 – Richard Rogers, Italian-English architect, designed the Millennium Dome and Lloyd's building (died 2021)
1935 – Jim Hall, American race car driver
1936 – Don Drysdale, American baseball player and sportscaster (died 1993)
1936 – Anthony Kennedy, American lawyer and jurist
1937 – Dave Webster, American football player and engineer (died 2006)
1938 – Juliet Anderson, American porn actress and producer (died 2010)
1938 – Ronny Cox, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
1938 – Charles Harrelson, American murderer (died 2007)
1938 – Bert Newton, Australian actor and television host (died 2021)
1940 – Danielle Collobert, French author, poet, and journalist (died 1978)
1940 – Don Imus, American radio host (died 2019)
1940 – John Nichols, American novelist (died 2023)
1940 – Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, Italian economist and politician, Italian Minister of Finance (died 2010)
1941 – Christopher Andrew, English historian and academic
1941 – Pierre Agostini, French experimental physicist (2023 Nobel Prize for Physics for attosecond pulses of light)
1941 – Richie Evans, American race car driver (died 1985)
1941 – Sergio Mattarella, Italian lawyer, judge, and politician, 12th President of Italy
1942 – Sallyanne Atkinson, Australian journalist and politician, Lord Mayor of Brisbane
1942 – Madeline Bell, American singer-songwriter
1942 – Richard E. Dauch, American businessman, co-founded American Axle (died 2013)
1942 – Dimitris Liantinis, Greek philosopher and author (died 1998)
1943 – Randall Forsberg, American scientist (died 2007)
1943 – Tony Joe White, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2018)
1944 – Dino Danelli, American drummer (died 2022)
1944 – Maria João Pires, Portuguese pianist
1945 – Edward Gregson, English composer and educator
1945 – Jon Sammels, English footballer
1945 – Edie McClurg, American actress and comedian
1946 – Andy Mackay, English oboe player and composer
1946 – René Ricard, American poet, painter, and critic (died 2014)
1947 – Gardner Dozois, American journalist and author (died 2018)
1947 – David Essex, English singer-songwriter, and actor
1947 – Torsten Palm, Swedish race car driver
1947 – Robin Simon, English historian, critic, and academic
1948 – Ross Cranston, Australian-English lawyer, judge, and politician, Solicitor General for England and Wales
1948 – John Cushnahan, Northern Irish educator and politician
1948 – John Hall, American politician
1948 – Stanisław Targosz, Polish general (died 2013)
1949 – Clive Rice, South African cricketer and coach (died 2015)
1949 – Wasyl Medwit, Polish-born Ukrainian Greek Catholic hierarch (died 2024)
1950 – Alex Kozinski, Romanian-born American lawyer and judge
1950 – Ian Thomas, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1950 – Blair Thornton, Canadian guitarist and songwriter
1950 – Alan Turner, Australian cricketer
1952 – Paul Hibbert, Australian cricketer and coach (died 2008)
1952 – Bill Nyrop, American ice hockey player and coach (died 1995)
1952 – John Rutsey, Canadian drummer (died 2008)
1952 – Janis Siegel, American jazz singer
1953 – Graham Gooch, English cricketer and coach
1953 – Najib Razak, Malaysian politician, 6th Prime Minister of Malaysia
1957 – Jo Brand, English comedian, actress, and screenwriter
1957 – Nikos Galis, American basketball player
1957 – Theo van Gogh, Dutch actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2004)
1957 – Quentin Willson, English TV presenter, Top Gear (died 2025)
1958 – Ken Green, American golfer
1958 – Tomy Winata, Indonesian businessman and philanthropist, founded the Artha Graha Peduli Foundation
1959 – Nancy Savoca, American director, producer, and screenwriter
1960 – Gary Ella, Australian rugby player
1960 – Susan Graham, American soprano and educator
1960 – Al Perez, American wrestler
1961 – André Ducharme, Canadian comedian and author
1961 – Michael Durant, American pilot and author
1961 – Martin Gore, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1961 – Woody Harrelson, American actor and activist
1961 – Milind Gunaji, Indian actor, model, television show host, and author
1962 – Eriq La Salle, American actor, director, and producer
1962 – Mark Laurie, Australian rugby league player
1962 – Alain Lefèvre, Canadian pianist and composer
1963 – Slobodan Zivojinovic, Serbian tennis player
1964 – Uwe Barth, German politician
1964 – Nick Menza, German drummer and songwriter (died 2016)
1965 – Rob Dickinson, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1965 – Slash, English-American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
1967 – Philip Seymour Hoffman, American actor, director, and producer (died 2014)
1968 – Elden Campbell, American basketball player (died 2025)
1968 – Gary Payton, American basketball player and actor
1968 – Stephanie Seymour, American model and actress
1968 – Shawn Levy, Canadian-American director and producer
1969 – Andrew Cassels, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1969 – Raphael Warnock, American politician and minister
1970 – Charisma Carpenter, American actress
1970 – Thea Dorn, German author and playwright
1970 – Sam Watters, American singer-songwriter and producer
1970 – Saulius Skvernelis, 13th Prime Minister of Lithuania
1971 – Dalvin DeGrate, American rapper and producer
1971 – Alison Krauss, American singer-songwriter and fiddler
1971 – Joel Stein, American journalist
1972 – Suat Kılıç, Turkish journalist, lawyer, and politician, former Turkish Minister of Youth and Sports
1972 – Floyd Reifer, Barbadian cricketer and coach
1972 – Marlon Wayans, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1973 – Nomar Garciaparra, American baseball player and sportscaster
1973 – Kathryn Hahn, American actress
1973 – Fran Healy, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist
1973 – Monica Lewinsky, American activist and former White House intern
1973 – Himesh Reshammiya, Indian singer-songwriter, producer, actor, and director
1973 – Andrea Scanavacca, Italian rugby player and manager
1974 – Terry Glenn, American football player and coach (died 2017)
1974 – Maurice Greene, American sprinter
1974 – Rik Verbrugghe, Belgian cyclist
1975 – Dan Rogerson, Cornish politician
1976 – Judit Polgár, Hungarian chess player
1977 – Scott Clemmensen, American ice hockey player and coach
1977 – Gail Emms, English badminton player
1977 – Néicer Reasco, Ecuadorian footballer
1977 – Shawn Thornton, Canadian ice hockey player
1978 – Stuart Elliott, Northern Irish footballer
1978 – Stefanie Sun, Singaporean singer-songwriter and pianist
1978 – Lauren Groff, American novelist and short story writer
1979 – Perro Aguayo Jr., Mexican wrestler and promoter (died 2015)
1979 – Sotirios Kyrgiakos, Greek footballer
1979 – Richard Sims, Zimbabwean cricketer
1979 – Ricardo Sperafico, Brazilian race car driver
1979 – Cathleen Tschirch, German sprinter
1979 – Michelle Williams, American singer-songwriter and actress
1980 – Daniel McClellan, American biblical scholar and social media personality
1980 – Sandeep Parikh, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
1981 – Steve Jocz, Canadian singer-songwriter, drummer, and director
1981 – Dmitriy Karpov, Kazakhstani decathlete
1981 – Aleksandr Kulik, Estonian footballer
1981 – Jarkko Nieminen, Finnish tennis player
1982 – Ömer Aysan Barış, Turkish footballer
1982 – Joe Mather, American baseball player
1982 – Gökhan Ünal, Turkish footballer
1982 – Gerald Wallace, American basketball player
1982 – Paul Wesley, American actor, director, and producer
1982 – Pia Maria Wieninger, Austrian politician
1983 – Bec Hewitt, Australian actress
1983 – Aaron Peirsol, American swimmer
1983 – David Strettle, English rugby player
1984 – Walter Gargano, Uruguayan footballer
1984 – Matthew Murphy, English singer and guitarist
1984 – Brandon Roy, American basketball player
1984 – Celeste Thorson, American actress, producer, and screenwriter
1985 – Tessa Bonhomme, Canadian ice hockey player and sports broadcaster
1985 – Luis Ángel Landín, Mexican footballer
1986 – Aya Uchida, Japanese voice actress and singer
1986 – Nelson Philippe, French race car driver
1986 – Yelena Sokolova, Russian long jumper
1987 – Alessio Cerci, Italian footballer
1987 – Felipe Dylon, Brazilian singer
1987 – Serdar Kurtuluş, Turkish footballer
1987 – Julien Ribaudo, Belgian politician
1989 – Daniel Radcliffe, English actor
1989 – Donald Young, American tennis player
1989 – Harris English, American professional golfer
1990 – Kevin Reynolds, Canadian figure skater
1991 – Lauren Mitchell, Australian gymnast
1991 – Jarrod Wallace, Australian rugby league footballer
1991 – Dmitry Orlov, Russian ice hockey player
1992 – Danny Ings, English footballer
1993 – Lili Simmons, American actress
1996 – Alexandra Andresen, Norwegian heiress and equestrian
1996 – David Dobrik, Slovak YouTube personality
1996 – Kasperi Kapanen, Finnish ice hockey player
1996 – Danielle Bradbery, American singer
1998 – Deandre Ayton, Bahamian basketball player
2001 – Lily Phillips, British pornographic actress
2002 – Séléna Janicijevic, French tennis player
2003 – Alex Consani, Model and Influencer

Deaths

Pre-1600

955 – He Ning, Chinese chancellor (born 898)
997 – Nuh II, Samanid emir (born 963)
1065 – Gunter of Bamberg, bishop of Bamberg (c. 1025/1030)
1100 – Warner of Grez, French nobleman, relative of Godfrey of Bouillon
1227 – Qiu Chuji, Chinese religious leader, founded the Dragon Gate Taoism (born 1148)
1298 – Thoros III, Armenian king (born c. 1271)
1373 – Bridget of Sweden, Swedish mystic and saint, founded the Bridgettine Order (born 1303)
1403 – Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester, English rebel (born 1343)
1531 – Louis de Brézé, French husband of Diane de Poitiers
1536 – Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (born 1519)
1562 – Götz von Berlichingen, German knight and poet (born 1480)
1584 – John Day, English printer (born 1522)
1596 – Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon (born 1526)

1601–1900

1645 – Michael I, Russian tsar (born 1596)
1692 – Gilles Ménage, French lawyer, philologist, and scholar (born 1613)
1727 – Simon Harcourt, 1st Viscount Harcourt, English politician, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (born 1661)
1757 – Domenico Scarlatti, Italian harpsichord player and composer (born 1685)
1773 – George Edwards, English biologist and ornithologist (born 1693)
1781 – John Joachim Zubly, Swiss-American pastor and politician (born 1724)
1793 – Roger Sherman, American lawyer and politician (born 1721)
1833 – Anselmo de la Cruz, Chilean politician, Chilean Minister of Finance (born 1777)
1853 – Andries Pretorius, South African general (born 1798)
1875 – Isaac Singer, American businessman, founded the Singer Corporation (born 1811)
1878 – Carl von Rokitansky, Bohemian physician, pathologist, and politician (born 1804)
1885 – Ulysses S. Grant, American general and politician, 18th President of the United States (born 1822)

1901–present

1904 – John Douglas, English-Australian politician, 7th Premier of Queensland (born 1828)
1909 – Frederick Holder, Australian politician, 19th Premier of South Australia (born 1850)
1916 – William Ramsay, Scottish chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1852)
1919 – Spyridon Lambros, Greek historian and politician, 100th Prime Minister of Greece (born 1851)
1920 – Conrad Kohrs, German-American rancher and politician (born 1835)
1924 – Frank Frost Abbott, American author and scholar (born 1850)
1926 – Viktor Vasnetsov, Russian painter (born 1848)
1927 – Reginald Dyer, British brigadier general (born 1864)
1930 – Glenn Curtiss, American pilot and engineer (born 1878)
1932 – Tenby Davies, Welsh runner (born 1884)
1936 – Anna Abrikosova, Russian linguist (born 1882)
1941 – George Lyman Kittredge, American scholar and educator (born 1860)
1941 – José Quiñones Gonzales, Peruvian soldier and pilot (born 1914)
1942 – Adam Czerniaków, Polish engineer and politician (born 1880)
1942 – Andy Ducat, English cricketer and footballer (born 1886)
1948 – D. W. Griffith, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1875)
1950 – Shigenori Tōgō, Japanese politician and diplomat, Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs (born 1882)
1951 – Robert J. Flaherty, American director and producer (born 1884)
1951 – Philippe Pétain, French general and politician, 119th Prime Minister of France (born 1856)
1954 – Herman Groman, American runner (born 1882)
1955 – Cordell Hull, American captain, lawyer, and politician, 47th United States Secretary of State, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1871)
1957 – Bob Shiring, American football player and coach (born 1870)
1966 – Montgomery Clift, American actor (born 1920)
1968 – Henry Hallett Dale, English pharmacologist and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1875)
1970 – Eino Tainio, Finnish politician (born 1905)
1971 – Van Heflin, American actor (born 1910)
1972 – Esther Applin, American geologist and paleontologist (born 1895)
1973 – Eddie Rickenbacker, American pilot and race car driver, founded Rickenbacker Motors (born 1890)
1978 – Kamil Tolon, Turkish industrialist (born 1912)
1979 – Joseph Kessel, French journalist and author (born 1898)
1980 – Sarto Fournier, Canadian lawyer and politician, 38th Mayor of Montreal (born 1908)
1980 – Keith Godchaux, American keyboard player and songwriter (born 1948)
1980 – Mollie Steimer, Ukrainian activist (born 1897)
1982 – Vic Morrow, American actor (born 1929)
1983 – Georges Auric, French composer (born 1899)
1985 – Johnny Wardle, English cricketer and manager (born 1923)
1989 – Donald Barthelme, American short story writer and novelist (born 1931)
1990 – Kenjiro Takayanagi, Japanese engineer (born 1899)
1996 – Jean Muir, American actress (born 1911)
1997 – Chūhei Nambu, Japanese jumper and journalist (born 1904)
1999 – Hassan II of Morocco (born 1929)
2001 – Eudora Welty, American novelist and short story writer (born 1909)
2002 – Leo McKern, Australian-English actor (born 1920)
2002 – William Luther Pierce, American activist and author (born 1933)
2002 – Chaim Potok, American novelist and rabbi (born 1929)
2002 – Clark Gesner, American author and composer (born 1938)
2003 – James E. Davis, American police officer and politician (born 1962)
2004 – Mehmood Ali, Indian actor, director, and producer (born 1932)
2004 – Carlos Paredes, Portuguese guitarist and composer (born 1925)
2004 – Piero Piccioni, Italian pianist, conductor, and composer (born 1921)
2005 – Ted Greene, American guitarist and journalist (born 1946)
2006 – Jean-Paul Desbiens, Canadian journalist and academic (born 1927)
2007 – Ron Miller, American songwriter and producer (born 1933)
2007 – Mohammed Zahir Shah, Afghan king (born 1914)
2008 – Kurt Furgler, Swiss lawyer and politician, 70th President of the Swiss Confederation (born 1924)
2009 – E. Lynn Harris, American author and screenwriter (born 1955)
2010 – Daniel Schorr, American journalist and author (born 1916)
2011 – Amy Winehouse, English singer-songwriter (born 1983)
2012 – Margaret Mahy, New Zealand author (born 1936)
2012 – Sally Ride, American physicist and astronaut (born 1951)
2012 – Lakshmi Sahgal, Indian soldier and politician (born 1914)
2012 – Esther Tusquets, Spanish publisher and author (born 1936)
2012 – José Luis Uribarri, Spanish television host and director (born 1936)
2013 – Rona Anderson, Scottish actress (born 1926)
2013 – Pauline Clarke, English author (born 1921)
2013 – Arthur J. Collingsworth, American diplomat (born 1944)
2013 – Dominguinhos, Brazilian singer-songwriter and accordion player (born 1941)
2013 – Emile Griffith, American boxer and trainer (born 1938)
2013 – Kim Jong-hak, South Korean director and producer (born 1951)
2013 – Djalma Santos, Brazilian footballer (born 1929)
2014 – Dora Bryan, English actress and restaurateur (born 1923)
2014 – Norman Leyden, American composer and conductor (born 1917)
2014 – Ariano Suassuna, Brazilian author and playwright (born 1927)
2014 – Jordan Tabor, English footballer (born 1990)
2015 – Shigeko Kubota, Japanese-American sculptor and director (born 1937)
2015 – Don Oberdorfer, American journalist, author, and academic (born 1931)
2015 – William Wakefield Baum, American cardinal (born 1926)
2017 – John Kundla, American basketball coach (born 1916)
2022 – Zayar Thaw, Burmese politician and rapper (born 1981)
2022 – Kyaw Min Yu, Burmese political activist (born 1969)
2024 – Robin Warren, Australian pathologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1937)

References

↑ A Chronology of the Byzantine Empire. Basingstoke [England] ; New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2006. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-4039-1774-4.
↑ Mikaberidze, Alexander (2011). "Pruth, Treaty of (1711)". In Mikaberidze, Alexander (ed.). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO.
↑ Cannon, John Ashton (2009). "Hyde Park Riots". A Dictionary of British History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-955038-8. Retrieved 9 May 2026.
↑ Lacoste, Pablo (2002). "La guerra entre Chile y Argentina: Una mirada desde Chile". Historia (in Spanish). 35: 211–249. doi:10.4067/S0717-71942002003500009.
↑ Legrand, Jacques (1987). Chronicle of the 20th Century. Ecam Publication. p. 16. ISBN 0-942191-01-3.
↑ "Eleven Men Killed as Building Falls: Ten Injured and 9 Missing Collapse at South Framingham". The Boston Daily Globe. July 24, 1906. p. 1 – via newspapers.com.
↑ "Only One is Now Missing". The Boston Daily Globe. July 26, 1906. p. 1 – via newspapers.com.
↑ "Centenary of the Founding of the University of Ljubljana". Univerza v Ljubljani. University of Ljubljana. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
↑ Philpot, Robert (January 1, 2024). "History Has Confirmed the Guilt of Vichy Leader Petain - So Why Do Some Question It?".{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
↑ Head, William P. (2017). "Dirty Little Secret in the Land of a Million Elephants: Barrel Roll and the Lost War". Air Power History. 64 (4): 10. ISSN 1044-016X. JSTOR 26571062.
↑ "1960–1969".
↑ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident British Aerospace BAe-146-300 B-2716 Yinchuan Airport (INC)". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 2021-10-28. Retrieved 2022-07-20.
↑ "STS-93". science.ksc.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2019-07-02. Retrieved 2019-07-02.
↑ Mydans, Seth (10 August 2001). "With Politics and Market in Mind, Megawati Picks a Cabinet". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2009.
↑ Blistein, Jon (22 July 2020). "'Better than words': How One Direction became one of the great rock bands of the 21st century". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
↑ "First Fatal Crash on Chinese High Speed Line". Railway Gazette International. 25 July 2011. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
↑ Phillips, Tony (23 July 2014). "Near Miss: The Solar Superstorm of July 2012". NASA. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
↑ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident ATR 72-212A (ATR-72-500) B-22810 Magong Airport (MZG)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2019-07-15.
↑ "Ανατολική Αττική: Οι πιο φονικές φωτιές του 21ου αιώνα στον κόσμο μετά από εκείνες του 2009 στην Αυστραλία". NewsIT. 25 July 2018.
↑ ""Μάτι: Τα ντοκουμέντα μιλούν" – Οι συγκλονιστικοί διάλογοι της μοιραίας νύχτας | Η ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΙΝΗ". 2 May 2019.
↑ "Η δεύτερη πιο φονική πυρκαγιά στον 21ο αιώνα παγκοσμίως". 25 July 2018.
↑ "102 πλέον οι νεκροί σε Ραφήνα και Μάτι – Το Μάτι μας".
↑ "Francesco Sforza | duke of Milan [1401–1466]". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
↑ Bettany, George Thomas (1887). "Colles, Abraham" . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 11. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
↑ "Manuel María Lombardini" (in Spanish). Presidentes.mx. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
↑ James DG (April 1969). "Centenary commemoration of sarcoidosis and of Jonathan Hutchinson". British Medical Journal. 2 (5649): 109–10. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5649.109. PMC 1982866. PMID 4887040.
↑ Tolansky, Jon (1 January 2011). "Colonne, Édouard (Judas)". The Oxford Companion to Music. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199579037.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-957903-7. Retrieved 25 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)
↑ Bax, Ernest Belfort (1920). Reminiscences and Reflexions of a Mid and Late Victorian. New York: Thomas Seltzer. p. 9.
↑ "Raymond Chandler". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2026-07-19. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ Keyser, Tom (June 15, 1986). "Dutton glances back over travelled roads". Calgary Herald. p. 17. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
↑ "Vladimir Prelog". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2026-07-19. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ "People and things: Wolfgang Gentner". CERN Courier. 20 (8): 358–359. November 1980 – via CERN Document Server.
↑ Lyall, Sarah (1997-01-18), Elspeth Huxley, 89, Chronicler of Colonial Kenya, Dies, ISSN 0362-4331, retrieved 2026-07-23
↑ "Madeleine Dellamonica". Longeviquest.com. Retrieved July 28, 2026.
↑ Moskowitz, Samuel (1976). Strange Horizons: The Spectrum of Science Fiction. New York: Scribner. p. 249. ISBN 9780684147741.
↑ "Pee Wee Reese". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ Pareles, Jon (1999-10-07), Amalia Rodrigues, 79, Queen Of Fado, Lisbon's Sad Songs, ISSN 0362-4331, retrieved 2026-07-23
↑ "Jenny Pike – Obituary". The Times Colonist. April 21, 2004. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
↑ "IN MEMORIAM VIKTOR KORCHNOI". European Chess Union. 2016-06-06. Retrieved 2026-07-23.
↑ "Don Drysdale". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Actor Ronny Cox in 1938
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Radio personality Don Imus in 1940
↑ Roberts, Sam (December 2, 2023). "John Nichols, Author of 'The Milagro Beanfield War,' Dies at 83". The New York Times. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
↑ Edwards, Christian; Hunt, Katie; Upright, Ed (October 3, 2023). "Nobel Prize in physics won by trio who created rapid flashes of light to 'capture the shortest of moments'". CNN.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Musician Dino Danelli (Rascals) in 1944
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Actor Edie McClurg in 1945
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Musician David Essex in 1947
↑ "Упокоївся у Бозі владика Василь Медвіт". Official UGCC Web Site (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 13 September 2024.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Musician Blair Thornton (Bachman-Turner Overdrive) in 1950
↑ "Bill Nyrop". National Hockey League. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Musician John Rutsey (Rush) in 1952
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Filmmaker Theo van Gogh in 1957
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Musician Martin Gore (Depeche Mode) in 1961
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Actor Woody Harrelson in 1961
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Actor Eriq La Salle in 1962
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Musician Slash (Guns N' Roses/Velvet Revolver) in 1965
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Actor Philip Seymour Hoffman in 1967
↑ "Elden Campbell". NBA. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ "Gary Payton". NBA. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Filmmaker Shawn Levy in 1968
↑ "Andrew Cassels". National Hockey League. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ "U.S. Senator Raphael Warnock". United States Senate. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Actor Charisma Carpenter in 1970
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Musician Sam Watters (Color Me Badd) in 1970
↑ "Prime Minister: Mr. Saulius Skvernelis". ministraspirmininkas.lrv.lt (in Lithuanian). Government of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Musician Dalvin DeGrate (Jodeci) in 1971
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Musician Alison Krauss in 1971
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Actor Marlon Wayans in 1972
↑ "Nomar Garciaparra". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ Jirak, Jamie (23 July 2021). "WandaVision Fans Celebrate Kathryn Hahn's 48th Birthday". ComicBook.com. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
↑ Aiken, Jonathan (August 6, 1998). "Who Is Monica Lewinsky?". CNN.
↑ "Maurice Greene". Olympedia. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ "Scott Clemmensen". National Hockey League. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ "Gail Emms". Olympedia. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ "Shawn Thornton". National Hockey League. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ "Cathleen Tschirch". Olympedia. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ Martin, Annie (24 July 2018). "Destiny's Child wishes Michelle Williams a happy 38th birthday". UPI. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
↑ McClellan, Dan (23 July 2020). "I turn 40 today. The coronavirus prevented any elaborate plans for my birthday, but this is still about the best possible way for me to start my day". Instagram. Dan McClellan. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
↑ "Dmitry Karpov". Olympedia. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ "Jarkko Nieminen". Olympedia. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ "Joe Mather". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ "Gerald Wallace". NBA. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Actor Paul Wesley in 1982
↑ "Wiener Politikerinnen und Politiker: Maga Pia Maria Wieninger" (in German). Vienna, Austria: Municipal Council and Landtag of Vienna. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
↑ "Aaron Peirsol". Olympedia. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ "Brandon Roy". NBA. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ "Tessa Bonhomme". Elite Prospects. Retrieved 2025-08-22.
↑ "Yelena Sokolova". Olympedia. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ "Les Députés: Julien Ribaudo" (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
↑ "Daniel Radcliffe". BFI. Archived from the original on March 21, 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
↑ "Donald Young | Overview | ATP Tour | Tennis". ATP Tour. Retrieved 2022-10-20.
↑ "Harris English Bio". PGATour.com. Retrieved 30 July 2025.
↑ "Kevin Reynolds". Olympedia. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ "Lauren Mitchell". Olympedia. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ "Dmitry Orlov". National Hockey League. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
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↑ Leskin, Paige. "The rise of David Dobrik, a 23-year-old YouTuber worth over $7 million who got his start making 6-second videos". Business Insider. Retrieved 2021-04-18.
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↑ "Deandre Ayton". NBA. Retrieved 2026-07-21.
↑ Bradley, Faye (December 16, 2024). "Meet OnlyFans' Lily Phillips, who plans to bed 1,000 men in a day: the 23-year-old Brit has sparked concern again, after already sleeping with 101 men in 24 hours – but her parents support her". South China Morning Post. Retrieved January 10, 2025.
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↑ Lavietes, Matt (December 3, 2024). "Alex Consani becomes first transgender Model of the Year at U.K. Fashion Awards". NBC News. Retrieved December 8, 2024.
↑ Evans, Morgan (December 3, 2024). "Alex Consani Makes History As 2024's Model of the Year". The Cut. New York. Retrieved December 8, 2024.
↑ Einar Joranson (1928). "The Great German Pilgrimage of 1064-1065". In Paetow, Louis J. (ed.). The Crusades and Other Historical Essays Presented to Dana C. Munro by his Former Students. New York: Crofts. pp. 3–43. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
↑ "Who was Sir William Ramsay and how did he change the periodic table?". The Independent. 2 October 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
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↑ "Afghanistan's King Mohammad Zahir Shah Laid to Rest", Associated Press (Fox News), 24 July 2007.
↑ Former Astronaut Sally Ride Dies in La Jolla | NBC 7 San Diego Retrieved 2016-12-28.
↑ Bergan, Ronald (9 August 2013). "Rona Anderson obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
↑ Roberts, Sam (July 28, 2015). "Don Oberdorfer, 84, Top Diplomatic Reporter for Washington Post, Dies". The New York Times.
↑ "William Baum dead; former Catholic cardinal and Washington archbishop was 88". Newsday. Archived from the original on August 22, 2015. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
↑ Rippel, Joel (July 23, 2017). "John Kundla, former Minneapolis Lakers coach and Basketball Hall of Famer, dies at 101". Star Tribune. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
1 2 Helen Regan; Rhea Mogul (25 July 2022). "Myanmar junta executes leading democracy activists". Cnn.com. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
↑ "Newsroom - AusBiotech Ltd". www.ausbiotech.org. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
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External links

"On This Day". BBC.
The New York Times: On This Day (subscription required)
"Historical Events on July 23". OnThisDay.com.

[1] A Chronology of the Byzantine Empire. Basingstoke [England] ; New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2006. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-4039-1774-4.

[2] Mikaberidze, Alexander (2011). "Pruth, Treaty of (1711)". In Mikaberidze, Alexander (ed.). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO.

[3] Cannon, John Ashton (2009). "Hyde Park Riots". A Dictionary of British History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-955038-8. Retrieved 9 May 2026.

[4] Lacoste, Pablo (2002). "La guerra entre Chile y Argentina: Una mirada desde Chile". Historia (in Spanish). 35: 211–249. doi:10.4067/S0717-71942002003500009.

[5] Legrand, Jacques (1987). Chronicle of the 20th Century. Ecam Publication. p. 16. ISBN 0-942191-01-3.

[6] "Eleven Men Killed as Building Falls: Ten Injured and 9 Missing Collapse at South Framingham". The Boston Daily Globe. July 24, 1906. p. 1 – via newspapers.com.

[7] "Only One is Now Missing". The Boston Daily Globe. July 26, 1906. p. 1 – via newspapers.com.

[8] "Centenary of the Founding of the University of Ljubljana". Univerza v Ljubljani. University of Ljubljana. Retrieved 9 December 2019.

[9] Philpot, Robert (January 1, 2024). "History Has Confirmed the Guilt of Vichy Leader Petain - So Why Do Some Question It?".{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[10] Head, William P. (2017). "Dirty Little Secret in the Land of a Million Elephants: Barrel Roll and the Lost War". Air Power History. 64 (4): 10. ISSN 1044-016X. JSTOR 26571062.

[11] "1960–1969".

[12] Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident British Aerospace BAe-146-300 B-2716 Yinchuan Airport (INC)". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 2021-10-28. Retrieved 2022-07-20.

[13] "STS-93". science.ksc.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2019-07-02. Retrieved 2019-07-02.

[14] Mydans, Seth (10 August 2001). "With Politics and Market in Mind, Megawati Picks a Cabinet". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 April 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2009.

[15] Blistein, Jon (22 July 2020). "'Better than words': How One Direction became one of the great rock bands of the 21st century". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.

[16] "First Fatal Crash on Chinese High Speed Line". Railway Gazette International. 25 July 2011. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2022.

[17] Phillips, Tony (23 July 2014). "Near Miss: The Solar Superstorm of July 2012". NASA. Retrieved 6 September 2020.

[18] Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident ATR 72-212A (ATR-72-500) B-22810 Magong Airport (MZG)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2019-07-15.

[19] "Ανατολική Αττική: Οι πιο φονικές φωτιές του 21ου αιώνα στον κόσμο μετά από εκείνες του 2009 στην Αυστραλία". NewsIT. 25 July 2018.

[20] ""Μάτι: Τα ντοκουμέντα μιλούν" – Οι συγκλονιστικοί διάλογοι της μοιραίας νύχτας | Η ΚΑΘΗΜΕΡΙΝΗ". 2 May 2019.

[21] "Η δεύτερη πιο φονική πυρκαγιά στον 21ο αιώνα παγκοσμίως". 25 July 2018.

[22] "102 πλέον οι νεκροί σε Ραφήνα και Μάτι – Το Μάτι μας".

[23] "Francesco Sforza | duke of Milan [1401–1466]". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 15 December 2020.

[24] Bettany, George Thomas (1887). "Colles, Abraham" . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 11. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

[25] "Manuel María Lombardini" (in Spanish). Presidentes.mx. Retrieved May 27, 2019.

[26] James DG (April 1969). "Centenary commemoration of sarcoidosis and of Jonathan Hutchinson". British Medical Journal. 2 (5649): 109–10. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5649.109. PMC 1982866. PMID 4887040.

[27] Tolansky, Jon (1 January 2011). "Colonne, Édouard (Judas)". The Oxford Companion to Music. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199579037.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-957903-7. Retrieved 25 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN (link)

[28] Bax, Ernest Belfort (1920). Reminiscences and Reflexions of a Mid and Late Victorian. New York: Thomas Seltzer. p. 9.

[29] "Raymond Chandler". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2026-07-19. Retrieved 2026-07-21.

[30] Keyser, Tom (June 15, 1986). "Dutton glances back over travelled roads". Calgary Herald. p. 17. Retrieved July 4, 2012.

[31] "Vladimir Prelog". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2026-07-19. Retrieved 2026-07-21.

[32] "People and things: Wolfgang Gentner". CERN Courier. 20 (8): 358–359. November 1980 – via CERN Document Server.

[33] Lyall, Sarah (1997-01-18), Elspeth Huxley, 89, Chronicler of Colonial Kenya, Dies, ISSN 0362-4331, retrieved 2026-07-23

[34] "Madeleine Dellamonica". Longeviquest.com. Retrieved July 28, 2026.

[35] Moskowitz, Samuel (1976). Strange Horizons: The Spectrum of Science Fiction. New York: Scribner. p. 249. ISBN 9780684147741.

[36] "Pee Wee Reese". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2026-07-21.

[37] Pareles, Jon (1999-10-07), Amalia Rodrigues, 79, Queen Of Fado, Lisbon's Sad Songs, ISSN 0362-4331, retrieved 2026-07-23

[38] "Jenny Pike – Obituary". The Times Colonist. April 21, 2004. Retrieved March 30, 2020.

[39] "IN MEMORIAM VIKTOR KORCHNOI". European Chess Union. 2016-06-06. Retrieved 2026-07-23.

[40] "Don Drysdale". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2026-07-21.

[41] "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Actor Ronny Cox in 1938

[42] "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Radio personality Don Imus in 1940

[43] Roberts, Sam (December 2, 2023). "John Nichols, Author of 'The Milagro Beanfield War,' Dies at 83". The New York Times. Retrieved December 3, 2023.

[44] Edwards, Christian; Hunt, Katie; Upright, Ed (October 3, 2023). "Nobel Prize in physics won by trio who created rapid flashes of light to 'capture the shortest of moments'". CNN.

[45] "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Musician Dino Danelli (Rascals) in 1944

[46] "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Actor Edie McClurg in 1945

[47] "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Musician David Essex in 1947

[48] "Упокоївся у Бозі владика Василь Медвіт". Official UGCC Web Site (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 13 September 2024.

[49] "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Musician Blair Thornton (Bachman-Turner Overdrive) in 1950

[50] "Bill Nyrop". National Hockey League. Retrieved 2026-07-21.

[51] "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Musician John Rutsey (Rush) in 1952

[52] "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Filmmaker Theo van Gogh in 1957

[53] "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Musician Martin Gore (Depeche Mode) in 1961

[54] "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Actor Woody Harrelson in 1961

[55] "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Actor Eriq La Salle in 1962

[56] "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Musician Slash (Guns N' Roses/Velvet Revolver) in 1965

[57] "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Actor Philip Seymour Hoffman in 1967

[58] "Elden Campbell". NBA. Retrieved 2026-07-21.

[59] "Gary Payton". NBA. Retrieved 2026-07-21.

[60] "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Filmmaker Shawn Levy in 1968

[61] "Andrew Cassels". National Hockey League. Retrieved 2026-07-21.

[62] "U.S. Senator Raphael Warnock". United States Senate. Retrieved 9 February 2023.

[63] "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Actor Charisma Carpenter in 1970

[64] "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Musician Sam Watters (Color Me Badd) in 1970

[65] "Prime Minister: Mr. Saulius Skvernelis". ministraspirmininkas.lrv.lt (in Lithuanian). Government of the Republic of Lithuania. Retrieved 19 July 2020.

[66] "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Musician Dalvin DeGrate (Jodeci) in 1971

[67] "Famous birthdays for July 23". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-21. Musician Alison Krauss in 1971

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