|
Northwestern Mesopotamia |
Northern Mesopotamia |
Southern Mesopotamia |
| c. 3500–2350 BCE |
Late Chalcolithic 4-5 / Early Jezirah 1-3 |
Uruk period / Jemdet Nasr period / Early Dynastic period |
| c. 2350–2200 BCE |
Akkadian Empire |
| c. 2200–2100 BCE |
Gutians |
| c. 2100–2000 BCE |
Third Dynasty of Ur |
| c. 2000–1800 BCE |
Mari and other Amorite city-states |
Old Assyrian period |
Isin/Larsa and other Amorite city-states |
| c. 1800–1600 BCE |
Old Hittite Kingdom |
Old Babylonian Empire (Southern Akkadians) |
| c. 1600–1400 BCE |
Mitanni (Hurrians) |
Karduniaš (Kassites) |
| c. 1400–1200 BCE |
Hittite Empire |
|
Middle Assyria |
| c. 1200–1150 BCE |
Late Bronze Age collapse |
Arameans |
| c. 1150–911 BCE |
Phoenicia |
Neo-Hittite city-states |
Aram- Damascus |
Arameans |
Middle Babylonia |
Chal- de- ans |
| 911–729 BCE |
Neo-Assyrian Empire |
| 729–609 BCE |
|
|
| 626–539 BCE |
Neo-Babylonian Empire (Chaldeans) |
| 539–331 BCE |
Achaemenid Empire |
| 336–301 BCE |
Macedonian Empire (Ancient Greeks and Macedonians) |
| 311–129 BCE |
Seleucid Empire |
| 129–63 BCE |
Seleucid Empire |
Parthian Empire |
| 63 BCE–224 CE |
Ancient Rome - Byzantine Empire (Syria) |
| 224–mid 700s CE |
Sassanid Empire |