Voiced bilabial implosive

Voiced bilabial implosive
Voiced bilabial implosive
ɓ
IPA number	160
Audio sample
	source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)	ɓ
Unicode (hex)	U+0253
X-SAMPA	b_<
Braille
Image

A voiced bilabial implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɓ⟩.

Features

Features of a voiced bilabial implosive:

Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, it is a plosive.
Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the median–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
The airstream mechanism is implosive (glottalic ingressive), which means it is produced by pulling air in by pumping the glottis downward. Since it is voiced, the glottis is not completely closed, but allows a pulmonic airstream to escape through it.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Akatek		p'eyp'al	[ɓejɓal]	'the walking (thing)'
Balanta-Ganja		ɓaara?	[ɓaːra]	'heron'	Possible allophone for /b/.
Ega		[ɓá]		'send away'
English	Southern American	body	[ɓʌdi]	'body'	Possible realization of word-initial /b/. See English phonology
Fula		fulɓe 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫	[fulɓe]	'Fulbe person' (g.)
Goemai		ḅas	[ɓas]	'to fetch'
Hausa		ɓaɓewa / ݑَݑٜىٰوَا	[ɓaɓɛua]	'quarreling'
Jamaican Patois		beat	[ɓiːt]	'beat'	Allophone of /b/ in the onset of prominent syllables.
Kalabari		ḅá	[ɓá]	'kill'
Khmer		បារាំង / barăng	[ɓaːraŋ]	noun: 'France' adjective: 'French'	See Khmer phonology
Konso		bad	[ɓaɗ]	'to hide'
Kwaza		bura	[ɓuɾa]	'put [the] hat on!'
Latundê		[ˌɓa:ˈnãn]		'(they) are two'	One of the possible realisations of /p/.
Mayan	Yucatec	balam	[ɓalam]	'jaguar'
Mam		qanbʼax	[qamɓaʂ]	'foot'
Mono		‘balœ	[ɓálə́]	'at'
Punjabi	Dialectal	ਬੱਕਰੀ / بکری	[ˈɓək.krɪ]	'goat'
Paumarí	'bo'da	[ɓoɗa]	'old'
Saraiki		ٻال	[ɓɑː.l]	'child'
Sindhi		ٻر	[ɓaˑrʊ]	'child'
Serer		ɓood/ ࢠࣷودْ	[ɓoːd]	'to crawl'	Contrasts /ɓ̥, ɗ̥, ʄ̊, ɓ, ɗ, ʄ/.
Southern Nambikwara		[ɓa̰h]		'ask excuse'	One of the possible realisations of /p/.
Shona		baba	[ɓàːɓá]	'father'
Tera		ɓala	[ɓala]	'to talk'	Contrasts phonemically with palatalized implosive, /ɓʲ/.
Tukang Besi		[aɓa]		'previous'
Vietnamese		bạn	[ɓan̪˧ˀ˨ʔ]	'you'	See Vietnamese phonology
Standard Zhuang		lajmbwn	[la̋ːɓɯ̌n]	'world'
Zulu		ubaba	[úˈɓàːɓá]	'my father'

Notes

↑ "Balanta-Ganja (Fgañja / فْگَݧْجَ)". Omniglot.
↑ Connell, Ahoua & Gibbon (2002:100)
1 2 Wells (1982:489)
↑ Keer (1999:82)
↑ Devonish & Harry (2004:456)
↑ Harry (2003:113)
↑ Orkaydo, Ongaye Oda (2013). A Grammar of Konso. p. 11.
1 2 Telles (2013:298)
↑ Olson (2004:233)
↑ Everett (2003:23)
↑ Bashir, Elena; J. Conners, Thomas (2019). "3.3.1.3". A Descriptive Grammar of Hindko, Panjabi, and Saraiki. Vol. 4 of Mouton-CASL Grammar Series. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 28. ISBN 9781614512257. Saraiki has four voiced implosive stops: bilabial /ɓ/, alveolar /ɗ/, palatal /ʄ/, and velar /ɠ/.
↑ Mc Laughlin (2005:203)
1 2 Netto (2018:105, 106)
↑ Tench (2007:228)
↑ Thompson (1959:458–461)

References

Connell, Bruce; Ahoua, Firmin; Gibbon, Dafydd (2002), "Ega", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 32 (1): 99–104, doi:10.1017/S002510030200018X
Devonish, H.; Harry, Otelamate G. (2004), "Jamaican phonology", in Kortman, B.; Shneider, E. W. (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English, phonology, vol. 1, Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, pp. 441–471
Everett, Daniel L. (2003), "Iambic Feet in Paumari and the Theory of Foot Structure", Linguistic Discovery, 2 (1), doi:10.1349/ps1.1537-0852.a.263, ISSN 1537-0852
Harry, Otelamate G. (2003), "Kalaḅarị-Ịjo", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 113–120, doi:10.1017/S002510030300121X
Keer, Edward (1999), Geminates, The OCP and The Nature of CON, Rutgers University
Mc Laughlin, Fiona (2005), "Voiceless implosives in Seereer-Siin", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 35 (2): 201–214, doi:10.1017/S0025100305002215, S2CID 145717014
Olson, Kenneth S. (2004), "Mono" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 233–238, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001744
Tench, Paul (2007), "Tera", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (1): 228–234, doi:10.1017/s0025100307002952
Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language, 35 (3): 454–476, doi:10.2307/411232, JSTOR 411232
Wells, John C. (1982), Accents of English, vol. 3: Beyond the British Isles, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-24225-8
Netto, Luiz (2018), Fonologia do grupo Nambikwára do Campo (Master's dissertation) (in Brazilian Portuguese), Recife: Federal University of Pernambuco, pp. 105, 106
Telles, Stella (2013), "Traços laringais em Latundê (Nambikwára do Norte)", Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas (in Brazilian Portuguese), 8 (2), Belém: 291–306, doi:10.1590/S1981-81222013000200005

External links

List of languages with [ɓ] on PHOIBLE

[1] "Balanta-Ganja (Fgañja / فْگَݧْجَ)". Omniglot.

[2] Connell, Ahoua & Gibbon (2002:100)

[wells489-3] 1 2 Wells (1982:489)

[4] Keer (1999:82)

[5] Devonish & Harry (2004:456)

[6] Harry (2003:113)

[7] Orkaydo, Ongaye Oda (2013). A Grammar of Konso. p. 11.

[telles298-8] 1 2 Telles (2013:298)

[9] Olson (2004:233)

[10] Everett (2003:23)

[11] Bashir, Elena; J. Conners, Thomas (2019). "3.3.1.3". A Descriptive Grammar of Hindko, Panjabi, and Saraiki. Vol. 4 of Mouton-CASL Grammar Series. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 28. ISBN 9781614512257. Saraiki has four voiced implosive stops: bilabial /ɓ/, alveolar /ɗ/, palatal /ʄ/, and velar /ɠ/.

[12] Mc Laughlin (2005:203)

[netto105-13] 1 2 Netto (2018:105, 106)

[14] Tench (2007:228)

[15] Thompson (1959:458–461)