GNGT2

GNGT2
Identifiers
Aliases	GNGT2, G-GAMMA-8, G-GAMMA-C, GNG8, GNG9, GNGT8, G protein subunit gamma transducin 2, HG3I
External IDs	OMIM: 139391; MGI: 893584; GeneCards: GNGT2
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 17 (human)
End	49,210,574 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (mouse)
End	95,736,560 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	granulocyte; ; monocyte; ; spleen; ; lymph node; ; blood; ; appendix; ; mucosa of transverse colon; ; smooth muscle tissue; ; right lung; ; gallbladder;
	Top expressed in
	neural layer of retina; ; granulocyte; ; thymus; ; yolk sac; ; embryo; ; right kidney; ; spleen; ; muscle of thigh; ; interventricular septum; ; esophagus;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	signal transducer activity; GTPase activity; G-protein beta-subunit binding;
Cellular component	heterotrimeric G-protein complex; plasma membrane; membrane; G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex;
Biological process	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; signal transduction; phototransduction;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Databases	NCBI: entry; OMA: entry
	2793
	14710
	ENSG00000167083
	ENSMUSG00000038811
	O14610
	Q61017
	NM_001198754; NM_001198755; NM_001198756; NM_031498
	NM_001038664; NM_001284393; NM_001284397; NM_023121
	NP_001185683; NP_001185684; NP_001185685; NP_113686
	NP_001033753; NP_001271322; NP_001271326; NP_075610
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 is a signalling protein protein that in humans and vertebrates is encoded by the GNGT2 gene. Either GNGT1 or GNGT2 is the gamma subunit of the G_βγ part of transducin (written G(T) or G_t), a heterotrimeric G-protein naturally expressed in vertebrate retina rod and cone cell of the eye, where it is thought to play a crucial role in phototransduction. GNGT2 only occurs in cone cells, and GNGT1 only occurs in rod cells.

As the gamma subunit (G_γ) of three different families of G proteins (G(I)/G_i, G(S)/G_s and G(O)G_o), GNGT2 is expressed in at least 23 tissues and other cell types, including monocytes of the vertebrate innate immune system, where at increased levels it has been shown to be a potential prognostic marker for some types of cancer, including esophageal cancer.

Several transcript variants encoding the GNGT2 protein have been found for the GNGT2 gene. There is evidence for use of multiple polyadenylation sites by this gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000167083 – Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000038811 – Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Ong OC, Hu K, Rong H, Lee RH, Fung BK (November 1997). "Gene structure and chromosome localization of the G gamma c subunit of human cone G-protein (GNGT2)". Genomics. 44 (1): 101–109. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4814. PMID 9286705.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: GNGT2 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing activity polypeptide 2".
↑ "GNGT2 Gene search NCBI". National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2024-02-18. Retrieved 2024-02-18. vertebrates (410)
↑ "GNGT2 G protein subunit gamma transducin 2 [Homo sapiens (Human)] - Gene - NCBI".
↑ Liu GM, Ji X, Lu TC, Duan LW, Jia WY, Liu Y, et al. (December 2019). "Comprehensive multi-omics analysis identified core molecular processes in esophageal cancer and revealed GNGT2 as a potential prognostic marker". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 25 (48): 6890–6901. doi:10.3748/wjg.v25.i48.6890. PMC 6938725. PMID 31908393.

Cohen NA, Sha Q, Makhina EN, Lopatin AN, Linder ME, Snyder SH, et al. (December 1996). "Inhibition of an inward rectifier potassium channel (Kir2.3) by G-protein betagamma subunits". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (50): 32301–32305. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.50.32301. PMID 8943291.
Huang CL, Jan YN, Jan LY (1997). "Binding of the G protein betagamma subunit to multiple regions of G protein-gated inward-rectifying K+ channels". FEBS Letters. 405 (3): 291–298. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00197-X. PMID 9108307. S2CID 44072628.
Cook LA, Schey KL, Cleator JH, Wilcox MD, Dingus J, Hildebrandt JD (December 2001). "Identification of a region in G protein gamma subunits conserved across species but hypervariable among subunit isoforms". Protein Science. 10 (12): 2548–2555. doi:10.1110/ps.ps.26401. PMC 2374038. PMID 11714923.
Cuello F, Schulze RA, Heemeyer F, Meyer HE, Lutz S, Jakobs KH, et al. (February 2003). "Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (9): 7220–7226. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210304200. PMID 12486123.
Ivanina T, Rishal I, Varon D, Mullner C, Frohnwieser-Steinecke B, Schreibmayer W, et al. (August 2003). "Mapping the Gbetagamma-binding sites in GIRK1 and GIRK2 subunits of the G protein-activated K+ channel". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (31): 29174–29183. doi:10.1074/jbc.M304518200. PMID 12743112.

DePuy SD, Yao J, Hu C, McIntire W, Bidaud I, Lory P, et al. (September 2006). "The molecular basis for T-type Ca2+ channel inhibition by G protein beta2gamma2 subunits". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (39): 14590–14595. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10314590D. doi:10.1073/pnas.0603945103. PMC 1600004. PMID 16973746.

This article on a gene on human chromosome 17 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000167083 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000038811 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid9286705-5] Ong OC, Hu K, Rong H, Lee RH, Fung BK (November 1997). "Gene structure and chromosome localization of the G gamma c subunit of human cone G-protein (GNGT2)". Genomics. 44 (1): 101–109. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4814. PMID 9286705.

[entrez-6] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: GNGT2 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing activity polypeptide 2".

[7] "GNGT2 Gene search NCBI". National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2024-02-18. Retrieved 2024-02-18. vertebrates (410)

[8] "GNGT2 G protein subunit gamma transducin 2 [Homo sapiens (Human)] - Gene - NCBI".

[9] Liu GM, Ji X, Lu TC, Duan LW, Jia WY, Liu Y, et al. (December 2019). "Comprehensive multi-omics analysis identified core molecular processes in esophageal cancer and revealed GNGT2 as a potential prognostic marker". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 25 (48): 6890–6901. doi:10.3748/wjg.v25.i48.6890. PMC 6938725. PMID 31908393.

GNGT2

References

Further reading