Hermann Wolf

Hermann Wolf
Born27 December 1919
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Died21 October 1996(1996-10-21) (aged 76)
Frankfurt am Main
Military career
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Branch
 Luftwaffe
Rank
Leutnant (second lieutenant)
UnitsJG 52, JG 11, JG 7
Commands8./JG 11
Conflicts
World War II
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Hermann Wolf (27 December 1919 – 21 October 1996) was a flying ace in the Luftwaffe and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. During his career, he was credited with 57 aerial victories claimed in 586 combat missions. In the second half of 1944, Wolf commanded a Staffel (squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 11 on the Western Front. Shortly before the end of World War II, he briefly flew the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter. Wolf died on 21 October 1996 in Frankfurt am Main.

Early life and career

Wolf was born on 27 December 1919 in Frankfurt am Main, at the time in the Province of Hesse-Nassau within the Weimar Republic. Following flight training as a fighter pilot, he was first assigned to Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost, a supplementary fighter pilot training unit. In early May 1942, Wolf was posted to the 9. Staffel (9th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing), a squadron of III. Gruppe (3rd group) of JG 52, in the summer of 1941.

World War II

On Friday 1 September 1939 German forces had invaded Poland which marked the beginning of World War II, and in June 1941, Germany had invaded the Soviet Union which created the Eastern Front. On 29 April 1942, III. Gruppe of JG 52 had relocated to Zürichtal, a small village at the Inhul in the former German settlement west of Feodosia in the Crimea during the Crimean campaign. On 1 May, the Gruppe was subordinated to VIII. Fliegerkorps and was supporting the 11th Army in the Battle of the Kerch Peninsula and the Siege of Sevastopol. On 12 May, III. Gruppe relocated to an airfield named Kharkov-Rogan, 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) east of Kharkov where they participated in the Second Battle of Kharkov. Here on 14 May, Wolf's Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-4 (Werknummer 7244—factory number) sustained heavy combat damage. Nevertheless, he survived the crash landing unhurt.

Towards Stalingrad

On 28 June, German forces had launched Case Blue, the strategic summer offensive in southern Russia. On 7 July, Army Group A began their advance towards the oil fields in the Caucasus during the Battle of the Caucasus. On 19 July, III. Gruppe relocated to Taganrog where they converted from the Bf 109 F-4 variant to the Bf 109 G-2. On 8 August, III. Gruppe reached Belaya Glina. That day, Wolf claimed his second aerial victory, a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3 fighter which was logged as an I-61. On 13 August, III. Gruppe had reached Mineralnye Vody in the North Caucasus region.

9. Staffel also known as the Karaya-Staffel

In mid-August 1942, a specialized unit dubbed Kommando Stalingrad, a detachment of experienced pilots from all three Staffeln of III. Gruppe, was formed to support the assault on Stalingrad to which Wolf was assigned. Among Wolf, this Kommando also included the pilots Hauptmann Hermann Graf, Feldwebel Friedrich Wachowiak, Oberfeldwebel Heinrich Füllgrabe, Oberfeldwebel Ernst Süß. On 21 August, the Kommando moved to an airfield named Tusow, alternative spelling is Tusoff, located southwest of Kalach-na-Donu and north of Nizhny Chir. Two days later, a Schwarm (flight of four aircraft) led by Graf claimed five Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3 fighters shot down while covering the German spearhead, including one by Wolf. On 11 September, Kommando Stalingrad moved to Pitomnik Airfield. On 26 September, Wolf claimed his last aerial victory over Stalingrad, a LaGG-3 which was his 29th aerial victory in total. For this, Wolf received the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) on 23 November 1942.

On 23 July, Wolf received the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold). On 14 December, III. Gruppe began relocating to an airfield at Velyka Lepetykha on the lower Dnieper. At the end of 1943, Wolf had been credited with 50 aerial victories, making him the seventh most successful active fighter pilot of III. Gruppe at the time.

Training assignment and Western Front

On 27 February 1944, Wolf transferred to Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost, specialized training unit for new fighter pilots destined for the Eastern Front, as an instructor. On 8 July 1944, Wolf was transferred and appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 4. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 11 (JG 11—11th Fighter Wing). He succeeded Leutnant Herbert Klotz who had been severely wounded in combat on 1 July. On 15 August, the Staffel was redesignated and became the 8. Staffel, a squadron of II. Gruppe of JG 11. At the time, the Gruppe was commanded by Hauptmann Walter Krupinski, also a former member of JG 52. The Gruppe was based at Wunstorf Airfield and was being replenished with factory new Bf 109 G-14 aircraft and inexperienced pilots arriving from the Luftwaffe flight schools.

On 12 August, III. Gruppe began its transfer to the Western Front. The Gruppe was ordered to fly from Wunstorf to Wiesbaden-Erbenheim Airfield. On this transfer flight, Krupinski's engine exploded in midair. He manged to bail out injured. In consequence, command of III. Gruppe was given Hauptmann Karl Leonhard. The next day, the Gruppe moved to Ballancourt-sur-Essonne, France. Here on 14 August, Wolf claimed his first aerial victory on the Western Front. Returning from an orientation flight, the Gruppe came under attack by Supermarine Spitfire fighters. In this encounter, Wolf claimed a Spitfire shot down but was himself also shot down.

On 22 March 1945, Wolf was transferred to III. Gruppe of Ergänzungs-Jagdgeschwader 2 (EJG 2—2nd Supplementary Fighter Wing) for conversion training to the then new Messerschmitt Me 262 jet aircraft. In consequence, command of 8. Staffel of JG 11 was given to Leutnant Richard Franz. On 21 April, Wolf was posted to III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 7 "Nowotny" (JG 7—7th Fighter Wing), the first operational jet fighter wing. The following day, he arrived in Brandenburg-Briest where III. Gruppe of JG 7 was based. Here, Wolf was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes).

Later life

Following World War II, Wolf was in contact with many former fighter pilots of the Luftwaffe. He helped publish the Jägerblatt, a publication of the Gemeinschaft der Jagdflieger, the Association of Fighter Pilots. Wolf died on 21 October 1996 at the age of 76 in his hometown Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Summary of career

Aerial victory claims

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Wolf was credited with 57 aerial victories. Obermaier also lists him with 57 aerial victories claimed in 586 combat missions. Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 55 aerial victories, plus further two unconfirmed claims. This figure includes 52 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and three over the Western Allies.

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 49271". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Barbas, Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Balke, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– Claims with 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –
On the Eastern Front — May 1942 – 3 February 1943
1 22 May 1942 16:26 MiG-1 16 8 September 1942 11:30 Il-2 PQ 49271
1 km (0.62 mi) east of Stalingrad
2 5 August 1942 13:43 MiG-3 PQ 0687 17 8 September 1942 11:36 Yak-1 PQ 49271
5 km (3.1 mi) east of Stalingrad
3 6 August 1942 12:10 LaGG-3 PQ 05164 18 9 September 1942 13:29 La-5 PQ 49334
south of Stalingrad
4 15 August 1942 11:08 Yak-1 PQ 85274
south of Azovskaya		 19 10 September 1942 15:36 La-5 PQ 49203
25 km (16 mi) east of Stalingrad
5 15 August 1942 11:15 Yak-1 PQ 85173
south of Usun		 20 12 September 1942 17:12 P-40 PQ 4921
vicinity of Grebenka
6 17 August 1942 11:08 I-153 PQ 85362
vicinity of Chornyi		 21 13 September 1942 08:04 LaGG-3 PQ 40772
vicinity of Spartak
7 17 August 1942 16:58 DB-3 PQ 95553
30 km (19 mi) north-northeast of Tuapse		 22 14 September 1942 04:58 Il-2 PQ 47572
vicinity of Stalingrad
8 23 August 1942 07:26 LaGG-3 PQ 49244
10 km (6.2 mi) northeast of Stalingrad		 23 15 September 1942 08:59 Yak-1 PQ 49442
20 km (12 mi) southeast of Stalingrad
9 24 August 1942 09:59 LaGG-3 PQ 49233
35–40 km (22–25 mi) east-northeast of Stalingrad		 24 18 September 1942 12:00 LaGG-3 PQ 49122
15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Gumrak
10 25 August 1942 11:46 Yak-1 PQ 49273
15 km (9.3 mi) east of Stalingrad		 25 21 September 1942 11:44 Yak-1 PQ 49122
30 km (19 mi) north of Grebenka
11 27 August 1942 04:45 LaGG-3 PQ 59174 26 23 September 1942 11:00 Yak-1 PQ 49124
15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Gumrak
12 2 September 1942 09:13 Yak-1 PQ 49413
20 km (12 mi) southeast of Stalingrad		 27 23 September 1942 14:36 Yak-1 PQ 49713
vicinity of Spartak
13 2 September 1942 17:13 Yak-1 PQ 49423
25 km (16 mi) east of Stalingrad		 28 26 September 1942 08:58 I-153 PQ 49424
40 km (25 mi) east of Stalingrad
14 3 September 1942 13:56 Yak-1 PQ 40124
45 km (28 mi) northeast of Grebenka		 29 26 September 1942 16:45 LaGG-3 PQ 49214
northeast of Grebenka
15 3 September 1942 17:08 Yak-1 PQ 40851
35–45 km (22–28 mi) northeast of Grebenka
– Claims with 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –
On the Eastern Front — 4 February – 31 December 1943
30 22 March 1943 14:30 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 76661 41 17 July 1943 08:43 Yak-1 PQ 35 Ost 54651
31 29 April 1943 08:10 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 85123 42? 3 August 1943
—
 Yak-1
32 27 May 1943 08:32 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 85111 43? 3 August 1943
—
 La-5
33 29 May 1943 06:05 Il-2 m.H. PQ 34 Ost 76892 44 4 August 1943 13:47 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 61353
15 km (9.3 mi) west of Tomarovka
34 5 July 1943 06:20 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 61153
10 km (6.2 mi) north of Krasnyi Lyman		 45 4 August 1943 18:41 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 61353
15 km (9.3 mi) west of Tomarovka
35 5 July 1943 09:23 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 61132, south of Kotschetowka 46 10 October 1943 08:07 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 58194, east of Zaporizhia
36 6 July 1943 11:06 Il-2 m.H. PQ 35 Ost 61483
15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Belgorod		 47 12 October 1943 07:16 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 58271
37 6 July 1943 17:12 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 62673 48 15 October 1943 08:54 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 58151
38 6 July 1943 17:31 Il-2 m.H. PQ 35 Ost 61452
15 km (9.3 mi) northeast of Belgorod		 49 26 October 1943 08:10 P-39 PQ 34 Ost 57191
39 7 July 1943 07:14 Il-2 m.H. PQ 35 Ost 61624
20 km (12 mi) southeast of Belgorod		 50 22 November 1943 13:12 LaGG-3 PQ 34 Ost 48594
40 9 July 1943 12:37 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 62843
– Claims with 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –
On the Eastern Front — 1 January – 27 February 1944
51 15 January 1944 08:52 P-39 PQ 34 Ost 19464
25 km (16 mi) west-northwest of Kirovohrad		 53 17 January 1944 11:06 P-39 PQ 34 Ost 19492
20 km (12 mi) north of Novoukrainka
52 15 January 1944 09:01 P-39 PQ 34 Ost 29371
15 km (9.3 mi) west of Kirovohrad
– Claims with 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 11 –
In defense of the Normandy Invasion and on the Western Front — 7 July – 31 December 1944
54 14 August 1944 16:50 Spitfire PQ 04 Ost N/BE-9
south of Corbeil-Essonnes		 56 23 December 1944 09:40 B-26 PQ 05 Ost RN-3
southeast of Daun
55 19 September 1944 17:50 P-38 PQ 05 Ost 63779
Deventer
– Claims with 8. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 11 –
On the Eastern Front — January – May 1945
57 20 February 1945
—
 P-39

Awards

Notes

  1. ↑ Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations.
  2. 1 2 According to Mathews and Foreman, this claim is unconfirmed.
  3. 1 2 3 4 The "m.H." refers to an Ilyushin Il-2 with rear gunner (mit Heckschütze).
  4. ↑ According to Von Seemen on 27 April 1945.

References

Citations

  1. 1 2 Obermaier 1989, p. 227.
  2. ↑ Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 17.
  3. 1 2 3 Dixon 2023, p. 225.
  4. ↑ Barbas 2010, p. 93.
  5. ↑ Barbas 2010, pp. 94, 303.
  6. ↑ Barbas 2010, pp. 97–99, 344.
  7. 1 2 Barbas 2010, p. 100.
  8. ↑ Bergström et al. 2006, p. 127.
  9. ↑ Barbas 2010, pp. 101, 351.
  10. ↑ Barbas 2010, p. 284.
  11. ↑ Barbas 2010, p. 283.
  12. ↑ Barbas 2010, p. 149.
  13. ↑ Prien et al. 2019, pp. 77, 86–87, 98.
  14. ↑ Braatz 2010, p. 142.
  15. ↑ Prien & Rodeike 1996a, pp. 1123, 1126–1127.
  16. ↑ Prien & Rodeike 1996b, pp. 1503–1504, 1616.
  17. 1 2 Dixon 2023, p. 226.
  18. ↑ Prien & Rodeike 1996b, p. 1504.
  19. ↑ Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1442.
  20. ↑ Braatz 2010, pp. 174, 182.
  21. ↑ Zabecki 2014, p. 1618.
  22. 1 2 3 Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1442–1443.
  23. ↑ Planquadrat.
  24. ↑ Prien et al. 2006, p. 547.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 Prien et al. 2006, p. 557.
  26. 1 2 Prien et al. 2006, p. 551.
  27. 1 2 3 4 Prien et al. 2006, p. 553.
  28. 1 2 3 Prien et al. 2006, p. 558.
  29. 1 2 3 Prien et al. 2006, p. 554.
  30. 1 2 3 4 Prien et al. 2006, p. 559.
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 Prien et al. 2006, p. 555.
  32. 1 2 Prien et al. 2006, p. 560.
  33. 1 2 3 4 Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1443.
  34. ↑ Prien et al. 2012, p. 478.
  35. 1 2 3 Prien et al. 2012, p. 484.
  36. ↑ Prien et al. 2012, p. 480.
  37. 1 2 Prien et al. 2012, p. 485.
  38. ↑ Prien et al. 2012, p. 481.
  39. ↑ Prien et al. 2012, p. 482.
  40. 1 2 Prien et al. 2012, p. 486.
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 Prien et al. 2012, p. 483.
  42. 1 2 Prien et al. 2012, p. 491.
  43. 1 2 Prien et al. 2012, p. 492.
  44. ↑ Prien et al. 2012, p. 493.
  45. 1 2 3 Prien et al. 2022, p. 258.
  46. 1 2 3 Prien et al. 2019, p. 92.
  47. ↑ Prien & Rodeike 1996b, p. 1654.
  48. ↑ Patzwall 2008, p. 220.
  49. ↑ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 521.
  50. ↑ Scherzer 2007, p. 795.
  51. ↑ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 365.
  52. ↑ Von Seemen 1976, p. 364.

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