IC 708

IC 708
The elliptical galaxy IC 708
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationUrsa Major
Right ascension11h 33m 59.21s
Declination+49° 03′ 43.43″
Redshift0.031647
Heliocentric radial velocity9,487 km/s ± 2
Distance456 Mly
Group or clusterAbell 1314
Apparent magnitude (V)13.0
Characteristics
TypeE
Size~160,200 ly (49.12 kpc) (estimated)
Other designations
UGC 6549, MCG +08-21-056, NFGS 086, PGC 35720, Papillon, WBL 339-001, CGCG 242-048

IC 708, also known as the Papillon Galaxy, is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation of Ursa Major. The redshift of the galaxy is (z) 0.031 and it was first discovered on May 11, 1890, by an American astronomer named Lewis Swift, who found it to be faint, small and also a round object. It is a member of the galaxy cluster, Abell 1314, which also includes the members IC 709, IC 711, and IC 712.

Description

IC 708 is categorized as a wide-angle tail (WAT) radio galaxy, although some studies have also categorized it to be a head-tail radio galaxy in addition. It contains twin jets displaying multiple knot features that terminate at the position of two radio lobes located at the south and north direction. There is also a nuclear radio component present in the source.

A study published in 1981, has found the radio structure of IC 708 has a double hooked morphology based on Very Large Array (VLA) imaging. It has two trails of radio emission that flare outwards into a form of diffused emission wings located 35 kiloparsecs away from its main optical position. This suggests the galaxy is gravitationally interacting with IC 709. The E-vector position angle of linear polarization has a rough alignment towards the jet from the core position right up to around 1.8 kiloparsecs, with the polarized intensity declining 0.3 mJy per the beam area. From the core towards the jet's axis, the linear polarization percentage rises from 1% to 10%.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "NED Search results for IC 708". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
  2. ↑ "Revised IC Data for IC 708". spider.seds.org. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
  3. 1 2 Vallee, J. P.; Wilson, A. S.; van der Laan, H. (August 1979). "The "papillon" radio galaxy IC 708". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 77 (1–2): 183–188. Bibcode:1979A&A....77..183V. ISSN 0004-6361.
  4. ↑ Cordey, R. A. (September 1984). "Discovery of asymmetric optical structure in the radiogalaxies IC 708and NGC 5352" (PDF). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 210: 183–187. doi:10.1093/mnras/210.1.183. ISSN 0035-8711.
  5. ↑ "Index Catalog Objects: IC 700 - 749". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2025-12-28.
  6. 1 2 3 Srivastava, Shweta; Singal, Ashok K (2020-02-21). "GMRT observations of IC 711 – the longest head-tail radio galaxy known". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 493 (3): 3811–3824. arXiv:1610.07783. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa520. ISSN 0035-8711.
  7. ↑ Sreedhar, Yuvraj Harsha (2014-10-10), Red population of Abell 1314 : A Rest-Frame Narrowband Photometric Evolutionary Analysis, arXiv:1410.2711
  8. ↑ Wilson, A. S.; Vallee, J. P. (June 1977). "The structures of the head-tail radio galaxies IC 708 and IC 711 at 1.4 GHz". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 58: 79–91. Bibcode:1977A&A....58...79W. ISSN 0004-6361.
  9. ↑ Vallée, Jacques P.; Wilson, Andrew S. (February 1976). "Head-tail radio sources in the cluster of galaxies Abell 1314". Nature. 259 (5543): 451–454. Bibcode:1976Natur.259..451V. doi:10.1038/259451a0. ISSN 1476-4687.
  10. ↑ Jaegers, W. J. (December 1987). "O.6 GHz mapping of extended radio galaxies. III. 3C 66B, NGC 1265, 3C129, DA 240, 3C 236, 4C 48.29, IC 708, IC 711, 4CT 51.29.1, 3C 310, Abell 2256, 3C 402 and 3C 465". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 71: 603–642. ISSN 0365-0138.
  11. ↑ "Orbital Motion of the Head-Tail Radio Galaxy IC 708 · NRAO/AUI Archives" (PDF). www.nrao.edu. Retrieved 2025-12-28.