TS 01

TS 01
Emission nebula
Planetary nebula
HST image of TS 01
Observation data: J2000 epoch
Right ascension11h 53m 24.5s
Declination+59° 40′ 01″
Distance(18 kpc) 58,708 ly
ConstellationUrsa Major
DesignationsPN G135.9+55.9, SBS 1150+599A
See also: Lists of nebulae

TS 01 or SBS 1150+599A is a rare galactic halo planetary nebula (PN) in the constellation Ursa Major. This nebula is notable for being the most oxygen-poor PN ever discovered. It was initially discovered by Stepanian and colleagues in 1999 and was confirmed to be a planetary nebula in 2001 by Tovmassian and colleagues.

TS 01 is the most oxygen-poor planetary nebula, with a oxygen/hydrogen ratio of 1/82 or 1/500. The nebula contains the closest binary star system ever discovered with an orbital period of approximately 3.9 hours. This binary system is also the first known example of a double degenerate system inside a planetary nebula, making the star system a candidate for a Type Ia supernova. All of the elements of TS 01 are also found in the binary system's atmosphere except for carbon. The progenitor of the nebula has an estimated mass of approximately ~0.9 M☉. The system consists of two massive stars, the first component being cool with a temperature of 58,000 ± 3,000 K and the second being hot at 160-180 kK. A study assuming a central star mass of approximately 0.595 M☉ provided a distance of approximately 18 kpc and a temperature of approximately 138,000 K. Another study found the apparent expansion velocity of the entire envelope to be approximately 20 to 22 km s⁻¹ due to separation of the two velocity components.

One theory for the oxygen-poor nature of the nebula is because of rotation-induced mixing from the stars at the center, which leads to high nitrogen abundances during the second dredge-up event and high carbon abundances during the third dredge-up event, while another theory states that TS 01 experienced two common envelope (CE) episodes and causes the central star system to shed its envelope.

References

  1. 1 2 Sandin, C.; Jacob, R.; Schoenberner, D.; Steffen, M.; Roth, M. M. (2011). "On the chemical composition of the metal-poor planetary nebula PNG135.9+55.9". Asymmetric Planetary Nebulae 5 conference. Bibcode:2011apn5.confP..51S.
  2. ↑ Stepanian, J. A.; Chavushyan, V. H.; Carrasco, L.; Tovmassian, H. M.; Erastova, L. K. (September 1999). "Spectroscopy of Stellar-like Objects Contained in the Second Byurakan Survey. I". The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 111 (763): 1099–1114. Bibcode:1999PASP..111.1099S. doi:10.1086/316428.
  3. ↑ Tovmassian, G. H.; Stasińska, G.; Chavushyan, V. H.; Zharikov, S. V.; Gutierrez, C.; Prada, F. (May 2001). "SBS 1150+599A: An extremely oxygen-poor planetary nebula in the Galactic halo?". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 370: 456–467. Bibcode:2001A&A...370..456T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010220.
  4. ↑ Jacoby, George H.; Feldmeier, John J.; Clever, Charles F.; Garnavich, Peter M.; Notiega-Crespo, Alberto; Bond, Howard E.; Quinn, Jason (December 2002). "Confirmation of SBS 1150+599A as an Extremely Metal-poor Planetary Nebula". The Astronomical Journal. 124 (6): 3340–3347. Bibcode:2002AJ....124.3340J. doi:10.1086/344604.
  5. 1 2 Stasińska, G.; Morisset, C.; Tovmassian, G.; Rauch, T.; Richer, M. G.; Peña, M.; Szczerba, R.; Decressin, T.; Charbonnel, C.; Yungelson, L.; Napiwotzki, R.; Simón-Díaz, S.; Jamet, L. (February 2010). "The chemical composition of TS 01, the most oxygen-deficient planetary nebula. AGB nucleosynthesis in a metal-poor binary star". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 511: 1–19. Bibcode:2010A&A...511A..44S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912405. A44.
  6. ↑ Tovmassian, G. H.; Napiwotzki, R.; Richer, M. G.; Stasińska, G.; Fullerton, A. W.; Rauch, T. (November 2004). "A Close Binary Nucleus in the Most Oxygen-Poor Planetary Nebula PN G135.9+55.9". The Astrophysical Journal. 616 (1): 485–497. Bibcode:2004ApJ...616..485T. doi:10.1086/424795.
  7. 1 2 Tovmassian, Gagik; Yungelson, Lev; Rauch, Thomas; Suleimanov, Valery; Napiwotzki, Ralf; Stasińska, Grazyna; Tomsick, John; Wilms, Jörn; Peña, Miriam; Richer, Michael G. (April 2010). "THE DOUBLE-DEGENERATE NUCLEUS OF THE PLANETARY NEBULA TS 01: A CLOSE BINARY EVOLUTION SHOWCASE". The Astrophysical Journal. 714 (178). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/714/1/178.
  8. ↑ Richer, M. G.; López, J. A.; Steffen, W.; Tovmassian, G. H.; Stasińska, G.; Echevarría, J. (2003). "The kinematics of the most oxygen-poor planetary nebula PN G 135.9+55.9". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 410: 911–916.