Tolaki language

Tolaki
To'olaki, Tololaki, Lolaki, Laki, Tokia
Native toIndonesia
RegionSoutheast Sulawesi
EthnicityTolaki people [id]
Native speakers
(330,000 cited 2000 census)
Austronesian
DialectsMekongga
Rahambuu
Kodeoha
Konawe
Lalomerui
Waru
Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-3lbw
Glottologtola1247
Map of languages on the island of Sulawesi, Bungku-Tolaki languages is colored in dark blue along with other Celebic languages.

Tolaki (To'olaki) is the major language of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is an Austronesian language of the Celebic branch.

It is spoken in the Mekongga Mountain [id]s region, the Greater Konawe mainland, and around the Pariama Mountains, with 330,000 speakers (2000 census). Tolaki belongs to the Austronesian language family and is a subgroup of the Bungku-Tolaki languages; over time, it has absorbed elements from other ethnic languages—particularly Malay, which serves as the lingua franca and a medium of communication in Sulawesi.

Dialects

The Tolaki language has six dialects, as follows.

Phonology

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive voiceless p t k ʔ
voiced b d ɡ
prenasal ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ
Fricative β s h
Lateral l
Trill r

/b/ and /d/ are optionally realized as implosives [ɓ] and [ɗ]. /β/ can also be heard as a glide [w].

Vowels
Front Back
Close i u
Mid e o
Open a

References

  1. ↑ Tolaki at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ↑ Ethnologue - Tolaki language
  3. ↑ Mekuo, A. Djohan; Mardhan, Mardhan; Mekoa, Djafar; Abbas, Sumardin; Pamada, Mislan (1986). Manan, Fajria Novart (ed.). Sistem Kepemimpinan Dalam Masyarakat Pedesaan Daerah Sulawesi Tenggara. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. pp. 46–47.
  4. ↑ "Bahasa Tolaki". Peta Bahasa. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
  5. 1 2 3 Zalili Sailan and La Ode Sidu Marafad and Gusarmin Sofyan and Sahlan, and Hamuni. 1995. Tata Bahasa Tolaki. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
  6. ↑ Mead, David. 1998. Proto–Bungku-Tolaki: Reconstruction of its phonology and aspects of its morphosyntax . PhD dissertation. Houston: Rice University, p. 19. hdl:1911/19290