Tolaki language
| Tolaki | |
|---|---|
| To'olaki, Tololaki, Lolaki, Laki, Tokia | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Southeast Sulawesi |
| Ethnicity | Tolaki people |
Native speakers | (330,000 cited 2000 census) |
Austronesian
| |
| Dialects | Mekongga Rahambuu Kodeoha Konawe Lalomerui Waru |
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | lbw |
| Glottolog | tola1247 |
 Map of languages on the island of Sulawesi, Bungku-Tolaki languages is colored in dark blue along with other Celebic languages. | |
Tolaki (To'olaki) is the major language of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is an Austronesian language of the Celebic branch.
It is spoken in the Mekongga Mountains region, the Greater Konawe mainland, and around the Pariama Mountains, with 330,000 speakers (2000 census). Tolaki belongs to the Austronesian language family and is a subgroup of the Bungku-Tolaki languages; over time, it has absorbed elements from other ethnic languages—particularly Malay, which serves as the lingua franca and a medium of communication in Sulawesi.
Dialects
The Tolaki language has six dialects, as follows.
- Mekongga (Patikala Village, Tolala District, North Kolaka Regency; Mangolo Urban Village, Latambaga District, Kolaka Regency; Sanggona Village, Konawe District, Konawe Regency; Puundoho Village, Andoolo District, South Konawe Regency; and Poli-Polia Urban Village, Poli Polia District, East Kolaka Regency);
- Rahambuu (Lelewawo Village, Batu Putih District, North Kolaka Regency);
- Kodeoha (Lametuna Village, Kodeoha District, North Kolaka Regency);
- Konawe (South Konawe Regency (Roraya Village, Tinanggea District; Sabulakoa Village, Landono District; Laeya Village, Laeya District; and Tambolosu Village, Laonti District; Pudambu Village, Angata District); the southern part of Konawe Regency (Lolanggasumeeto Village, Walay Village, and Tawanga Urban Village); North Konawe Regency (Wanggudu Urban Village, Asera District; Mopute Village and Tadoloiyo Village, Oheo District; and Molawe Urban Village, Molawe District));
- Lalomerui (Tadoloiyo Village, Oheo District, North Konawe Regency; Lalomerui Village, Routa District, Konawe Regency); and
- Waru (spoken in Mopute Village, Oheo District, North Konawe Regency; Mopute Village, Routa District, Konawe Regency).
Phonology
| Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ |
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ||
| prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | ||
| Fricative | β | s | h | ||
| Lateral | l | ||||
| Trill | r | ||||
/b/ and /d/ are optionally realized as implosives [ɓ] and [ɗ]. /β/ can also be heard as a glide [w].
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u |
| Mid | e | o |
| Open | a | |
References
- ↑ Tolaki at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ↑ Ethnologue - Tolaki language
- ↑ Mekuo, A. Djohan; Mardhan, Mardhan; Mekoa, Djafar; Abbas, Sumardin; Pamada, Mislan (1986). Manan, Fajria Novart (ed.). Sistem Kepemimpinan Dalam Masyarakat Pedesaan Daerah Sulawesi Tenggara. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. pp. 46–47.
- ↑ "Bahasa Tolaki". Peta Bahasa. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
- 1 2 3 Zalili Sailan and La Ode Sidu Marafad and Gusarmin Sofyan and Sahlan, and Hamuni. 1995. Tata Bahasa Tolaki. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
- ↑ Mead, David. 1998. Proto–Bungku-Tolaki: Reconstruction of its phonology and aspects of its morphosyntax . PhD dissertation. Houston: Rice University, p. 19. hdl:1911/19290
